Which statement about the use of physical restraint is correct?
AIt is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks
BIt can be used whenever a patient is confused, without further assessment
CIt never needs to be documented if it is used only overnight
DIt is the best way to stop older patients from falling
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
インスリンやヘパリンの持続注入など一部の薬に、独立したダブルチェックを行うのはなぜですか?
A第二の人が別々に確認することで、見落とした誤りを発見できるから
B準備の過程を速くするため
Cこれらの薬は無駄にすると非常に高価だから
D誤りが起きたとき、2人の看護師で責任を分担するため
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient arrives in the operating room for knee surgery, and the site has not been marked. What should happen?
ALet the circulating nurse mark the site from memory of the surgeon’s plan
BStart the surgery, because the consent form shows the side
CMark the site after the patient is anesthetized and draped
DDo not start until the site is marked and verified with the patient
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Which patient on an addiction unit should the nurse see first?
ALast drink two days ago; now shaking, sweating, heart rate 124/min and seeing insects
BLast drink one week ago; asking about support groups
CIn recovery for a year; came to the clinic today for a routine check and a repeat prescription
DLast drink this morning; asking when lunch will arrive
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with a severe asthma attack had a PaCO₂ of 32 mmHg (4.3 kPa) on arrival. An hour later it is 46 mmHg (6.1 kPa), and the patient seems tired. What does this suggest?
AThe asthma is improving, because the PaCO₂ is now near normal
BRespiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
CA laboratory error that should be ignored
DThe patient is hyperventilating even more than before and needs calming
7.臨床看護学ふつう
1 型糖尿病の患者が嘔吐し、ほとんど食べていません。正しいシックデイの助言は?
A血糖の確認は 1 日 1 回だけにする
B低血糖を避けるため、普通に食べられるようになるまでインスリンを中止する
Cインスリンを中止せず、血糖とケトンをより頻繁に確認する
D嘔吐を防ぐために水分摂取を半分にする
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient with hypertension about their medicines. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll get up slowly from sitting."
B"I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
C"I'll have my blood pressure checked regularly."
D"I'll keep taking my tablets even if I feel well."
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has had severe watery diarrhea for 4 days. Which laboratory pattern would the nurse expect?
答え: A · It is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks
これが答えになる理由
Restraint carries risks such as injury, distress and pressure damage. It is used only when alternatives have failed, in the least restrictive form, for the shortest time, with monitoring and documentation.
答え
A · It is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks
答え: D · Do not start until the site is marked and verified with the patient
これが答えになる理由
Wrong-site surgery is prevented by marking the site before the procedure, ideally with the awake patient’s involvement, and confirming it at the time-out. The procedure does not begin until this is done.
答え
D · Do not start until the site is marked and verified with the patient
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Last drink two days ago; now shaking, sweating, heart rate 124/min and seeing insects
これが答えになる理由
Hallucinations, tremor, sweating and tachycardia two to three days after the last drink suggest severe withdrawal and possible delirium tremens, which can be fatal. This patient needs prompt assessment and treatment.
答え
A · Last drink two days ago; now shaking, sweating, heart rate 124/min and seeing insects
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Respiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
これが答えになる理由
Early in an asthma attack, fast breathing lowers the PaCO₂. A rising, “normal” value in a tiring patient means they can no longer move enough air, which is a warning sign of respiratory failure.
答え
B · Respiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
答え: B · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
これが答えになる理由
Hypertension usually needs long-term treatment; stopping because readings are normal often makes blood pressure rise again. Patients should discuss any changes with their prescriber.
答え
B · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Low potassium and low bicarbonate
これが答えになる理由
Lower gut fluid contains potassium and bicarbonate, so severe diarrhea causes hypokalemia and a normal anion gap (hyperchloremic) metabolic acidosis, plus dehydration. Vomiting, in contrast, causes metabolic alkalosis.確認に用いた資料:Potassium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Metabolic acidosis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Low potassium and low bicarbonate
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · 結果は偽高値の可能性があり、患者をアセスメントして再採血を手配する
これが答えになる理由
赤血球はカリウムに富んでいます。採血管の中で壊れると(きつい駆血帯、手を握ること、細い針が原因)、カリウムが漏れ出し、結果は偽高値になります。真の高カリウム血症を見逃してはならないので、看護師は患者をアセスメントして再検査も行います。確認に用いた資料:Potassium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え: A · "If the pain is no better after one tablet, I will wait an hour before calling for help."
これが答えになる理由
Unrelieved chest pain may be a heart attack, so help must not be delayed. In US teaching, emergency services are called if pain is not better 5 minutes after the first dose; UK advice is to repeat the dose after 5 minutes and call 999 if pain persists 5 minutes after the second. Sitting down prevents falls from hypotension, and headache is a common effect.
答え
A · "If the pain is no better after one tablet, I will wait an hour before calling for help."
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · They block the platelet ADP (P2Y12) receptor
これが答えになる理由
Clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor block the P2Y12 ADP receptor on platelets, reducing aggregation. With aspirin, they form dual antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndromes and stents. Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent factors; dabigatran inhibits thrombin.
答え
D · They block the platelet ADP (P2Y12) receptor
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · The tube has entered the right main bronchus
これが答えになる理由
The right main bronchus is more in line with the trachea, so a tube pushed too far usually enters it and only the right lung is ventilated. The tube is withdrawn slightly by the team and position is rechecked. Oesophageal intubation gives no breath sounds and gastric gurgling.
答え
D · The tube has entered the right main bronchus
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · It protects the heart from arrhythmias
これが答えになる理由
Calcium stabilises the cardiac cell membrane and reduces the risk of arrhythmias within minutes. It does not change the potassium level, so other treatments are needed to shift and remove potassium.
Bleomycin can cause pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, especially at higher cumulative doses, in older patients and with high oxygen concentrations. Breathlessness or a new cough must be reported.
答え
A · Pulmonary fibrosis
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Osteomyelitis
これが答えになる理由
A positive probe-to-bone test in a diabetic foot ulcer strongly suggests osteomyelitis. Imaging, bone samples, prolonged antibiotics and specialist foot team care are usually needed.
答え
D · Osteomyelitis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Babinski reflex
これが答えになる理由
The Babinski reflex, fanning of the toes with dorsiflexion of the big toe, is normal in infants until about 1 year. Pressing the sole near the toes gives the plantar grasp instead.
答え: C · Cool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Cool running water for about 20 minutes, within the first hours, limits burn depth and pain. Ice can cause further tissue damage and hypothermia, butter or toothpaste trap heat and add infection risk, and blisters should be left intact.
答え
C · Cool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
22.小児看護
答え: A · A brain tumour with raised intracranial pressure
これが答えになる理由
Early-morning headache and vomiting suggest raised intracranial pressure, and clumsiness suggests a lesion in the cerebellum, a common site in children. Urgent neuroimaging is needed.
答え
A · A brain tumour with raised intracranial pressure
23.精神看護
答え: B · "You feel that people here don't really know you?"
これが答えになる理由
Reflecting the patient's concern invites them to explore it. Defending the doctor, reassuring falsely or asking "why" all close the conversation down.
答え
B · "You feel that people here don't really know you?"
24.精神看護
答え: C · It would be inappropriate, because seclusion is only a last resort for serious risk of harm
これが答えになる理由
Seclusion is a restrictive intervention used only to contain severe behaviour likely to cause harm to others, as a last resort, for the shortest time. Using it for convenience or punishment breaches patients' rights.
答え
C · It would be inappropriate, because seclusion is only a last resort for serious risk of harm
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。