When measuring a wound, how is the length usually taken?
AAround the edge of the wound with a tape measure
BFrom the wound to the nearest joint
CIn the head-to-toe direction across the longest part
DIn whichever direction is shortest
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient with diabetes has had foot-care teaching. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll wear shoes that fit well and never walk barefoot."
B"I'll check my feet every day, using a mirror if needed."
C"I'll dry carefully between my toes after washing."
D"I'll soak my feet in hot water every evening."
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Why can side rails be dangerous for a confused, restless patient?
ASide rails stop staff from reaching the patient in an emergency
BSide rails make the bed move by itself
CSide rails always cause pressure injuries
DThe patient may climb over them or get trapped in gaps
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Which patient with a suspected infection meets at least two SIRS criteria?
ATemperature 37.2 °C and heart rate 80/min
BTemperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
CRespiratory rate 16/min and WBC 8,000/mm3
DTemperature 36.8 °C and respiratory rate 18/min
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient has heart failure. Which instruction about daily weights is best to give the nursing assistant?
A“Weigh him at any time today, on whichever scale is free.”
B“Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
C“Only weigh him if his ankles look more swollen than they did yesterday afternoon.”
D“Weigh him after lunch, fully dressed, with his shoes on.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with COPD on 2 L/min oxygen becomes drowsy and hard to wake. The SpO₂ is 93%. What is the priority?
AIncrease the oxygen to 6 L/min so that the saturation goes even higher than now
BAssess breathing and escalate for a blood gas, as carbon dioxide may be rising
CLet the patient sleep, because the saturation is above target
DGive the as-needed sedative so the patient rests comfortably
7.臨床看護学ふつう
脚の骨折でギプスを巻いたあと、コンパートメント症候群を最もよく見つける評価は?
Aギプスの下の軽いかゆみ
Bけがに見合わない痛み、特に他動的に伸ばしたときの痛み
C温かいピンク色の足
D足の強い脈
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A hypotensive postoperative patient is given a fluid bolus. Which findings suggest a good response?
AThe heart rate rises further and the patient becomes more confused
BThe capillary refill time becomes longer
CThe respiratory rate rises and new lung crackles appear
DThe heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with chronic kidney disease receives an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent such as epoetin alfa. Which assessments are most important?
AHemoglobin and blood pressure
BSerum amylase and lipase
CSerum glucose and ketones
DLiver enzymes and bilirubin
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with thalassemia major has received regular red cell transfusions for years. The ferritin is now very high. What does this most likely show, and what treatment is used?
AIron deficiency, treated with IV iron supplements
BIron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy
CLiver failure, treated with a liver transplant at once
DAcute infection, treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics
11.薬理学ふつう
Which blood test is used to monitor warfarin therapy?
APlatelet count
BActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
CINR (prothrombin time)
DSerum albumin
12.薬理学むずかしい
A 19-year-old woman is starting isotretinoin for severe acne. Which requirement is most important?
AA high-vitamin A diet to boost the effect
BReliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic
CWeekly hearing tests and monthly eye examinations during treatment
After her house burned down, a woman developed delusions and disorganised speech. Ten days later the symptoms have gone completely and she is back to normal. Which diagnosis best fits?
ABrief psychotic disorder
BSchizophrenia
CDelusional disorder
DSchizophreniform disorder
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある新生児の体重は 9 lb 13 oz です。1 lb = 16 oz と 1 kg = 2.2 lb を使って、体重 m をキログラムで求めてください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
9 lb 13 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 72 kg の患者に対する指示は 1 mcg/kg/min です。この投与速度 D を mg/h で表してください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
1 mcg/kg/min72 kg
D = mg/h
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 15 kg です。指示量は 1 日 15 mg/kg で、4 回に等分して投与します。1 回あたり何 mg D 投与しますか?
15 kg15 mg/kg/日4× 1 日あたり
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 2600 単位で、薬は 10000 単位/mL で供給されます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
2600 units10000 units/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
点滴が 20 滴/mL のセットで 30 滴/分で落ちています。患者は 12 時間に何ミリリットル V 受け取りますか?
30 gtt/min20 gtt/mL12 h
V = mL
30.点滴速度むずかしい
200 mg を 250 mL に含む輸液が 6 mL/h で投与されています。患者は 1 分あたり何マイクログラム D を受け取りますか?
200 mg/250 mL6 mL/h
D = mcg/min
31.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。 氷片は体積の半分として数えます。
答え: C · In the head-to-toe direction across the longest part
これが答えになる理由
Using the body's head-to-toe axis for length and side-to-side for width keeps measurements consistent between nurses, so changes in size are meaningful.
答え
C · In the head-to-toe direction across the longest part
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · "I'll soak my feet in hot water every evening."
これが答えになる理由
People with diabetic neuropathy may not feel heat, and soaking softens the skin, so long hot soaks are avoided. Daily inspection, good footwear and careful drying are correct.
答え
D · "I'll soak my feet in hot water every evening."
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · The patient may climb over them or get trapped in gaps
これが答えになる理由
Confused patients may climb over rails and fall from a greater height or become trapped between the rail and mattress. Alternatives such as low beds and close observation are often safer.
答え
D · The patient may climb over them or get trapped in gaps
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Temperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
これが答えになる理由
SIRS criteria include a temperature above 38 °C or below 36 °C, heart rate above 90/min, respiratory rate above 20/min and a WBC above 12,000 or below 4,000/mm3. Only the first patient meets two.
答え
B · Temperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · “Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
これが答えになる理由
Daily weights are measured at the same time, on the same scale and in similar clothing so that changes show real fluid gain. A quick rise in weight can be an early sign of worsening heart failure.
答え
B · “Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Assess breathing and escalate for a blood gas, as carbon dioxide may be rising
これが答えになる理由
In COPD, drowsiness can be a sign of carbon dioxide retention (hypercapnia), even when the saturation is acceptable. The nurse assesses breathing, escalates and avoids extra oxygen or sedatives that could worsen it.
答え
B · Assess breathing and escalate for a blood gas, as carbon dioxide may be rising
答え: D · The heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
これが答えになる理由
After a fluid challenge, a falling heart rate, rising blood pressure, better capillary refill, improving consciousness and urine output suggest fluid responsiveness. New crackles or breathlessness suggest fluid overload.
答え
D · The heart rate falls, blood pressure rises and urine output improves
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Hemoglobin and blood pressure
これが答えになる理由
Epoetin stimulates red cell production. Hemoglobin is monitored, because raising it too high increases the risk of hypertension, stroke and thrombosis. Blood pressure is monitored, and iron stores are checked, since iron is needed for a good response.確認に用いた資料:Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2024)
答え
A · Hemoglobin and blood pressure
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Iron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy
これが答えになる理由
The body has no active way to excrete iron, so repeated transfusions cause iron overload, which can damage the heart, liver and endocrine glands. A very high ferritin reflects this, and iron chelators are used to remove the excess.確認に用いた資料:Thalassemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Iron overload, treated with iron chelation therapy
11.薬理学
答え: C · INR (prothrombin time)
これが答えになる理由
Warfarin is monitored with the INR, a standardised prothrombin time. For most indications, such as atrial fibrillation or venous thrombosis, the target is usually 2–3.
答え
C · INR (prothrombin time)
12.薬理学
答え: B · Reliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic
これが答えになる理由
Isotretinoin causes severe birth defects. Pregnancy prevention programmes require effective contraception and regular pregnancy tests before, during and after treatment.
答え
B · Reliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic
Frequent use of painkillers or triptans can cause medication overuse headache. Treatment involves withdrawing the overused drug under guidance and starting a preventive treatment if needed.
Pressure ulcers are not "reverse staged" because granulation tissue does not replace the muscle, fat and dermis that were lost. The wound is described as a healing category 4 ulcer.
答え
C · As a healing category 4 pressure ulcer
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Her antibodies cross the placenta and protect the newborn
これが答えになる理由
Maternal pertussis antibodies cross the placenta and protect the newborn before it can be immunised. Whooping cough can be fatal in young infants.
答え
B · Her antibodies cross the placenta and protect the newborn
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · "If I have an epidural, I will not need my blood pressure checked."
これが答えになる理由
Epidurals often cause hypotension, so blood pressure is checked frequently after they are started. Movement, breathing techniques and warm water are effective non-drug measures.
答え
D · "If I have an epidural, I will not need my blood pressure checked."
21.小児看護
答え: B · A fast heart rate with a prolonged capillary refill
これが答えになる理由
Children maintain their blood pressure until late in shock. Early signs include tachycardia, prolonged capillary refill, cool peripheries, reduced urine output and changes in behaviour.
答え
B · A fast heart rate with a prolonged capillary refill
Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist used in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It may be combined with a cholinesterase inhibitor.
答え
B · It blocks NMDA glutamate receptors
24.精神看護
答え: A · Brief psychotic disorder
これが答えになる理由
Brief psychotic disorder lasts at least 1 day but less than 1 month, followed by a full return to the previous level of functioning. It may follow a severe stressor.
答え
A · Brief psychotic disorder
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 4.46 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
オンスからポンドへ
13 oz/16 = 0.8125 lb
9 + 0.8125 = 9.813 lb
ポンドからキログラムへ
m = 9.813/2.2 = 4.46 kg
答え
m = 4.46 kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 4.32 mg/h
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 1 mcg/kg/min × 72 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
計算する
D = 1·72·60/1000 = 4.32 mg/h
答え
D = 4.32 mg/h
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 56.25 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
流量(mL/h)
30·60/20 = 90 mL/h
体積
V = 90·12 = 1080 mL
答え
V = 1080 mL
30.点滴速度
答え: D = 80 mcg/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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