A child with fever, cough, red eyes and a spreading rash is in a clinic waiting room. Measles is suspected. What should the nurse do first?
AAsk the family to wait in the main waiting room until the child is called in
BGive the child an antipyretic and continue triage
CPut a mask on the child and move them into an airborne isolation room
DSend the child home to rest without an assessment
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
抗菌薬の点滴中に、患者に蕁麻疹、喘鳴、嗄声が現れました。看護師が最初にすることは何ですか?
A点滴速度を半分に落とす
B反応を記録に書く
C点滴を止める
Dジフェンヒドラミンを経口投与する
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Four stable patients need routine morning care. To reduce the spread of infection, which patient should the nurse visit first?
AA patient with neutropenia after chemotherapy
BA patient with influenza on droplet precautions
CA patient with an MRSA wound infection
DA patient with C. difficile diarrhea
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient is started on spironolactone while already taking an ACE inhibitor. Which blood result should be watched most closely?
ASodium, because both drugs raise it sharply
BPotassium, because both drugs can raise it
CGlucose, because both drugs cause hyperglycaemia
DCalcium, because both drugs lower it
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
濃縮塩化カリウムを急速静注してはいけないのはなぜですか?
A静脈内で結晶化して、カニューレを詰まらせるから
Bすぐに腎不全を起こすから
C速く入れると効かないから
D致死的な不整脈を起こし得るから
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient scheduled for surgery this morning has a potassium of 3.0 mEq/L on pre-operative tests. What should the nurse do?
AGive an oral potassium dose without a prescription
BReport it to the surgical team before surgery
CSend the patient to surgery without comment
DRepeat the test after the surgery is finished
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with acute kidney injury after severe dehydration has a rising creatinine. Which urine findings support a prerenal cause rather than acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
ARed cell casts with heavy protein loss in the urine
BLow urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
CWhite cell casts with positive nitrites on the dipstick
DHigh urine sodium and dilute urine with muddy brown granular casts
11.薬理学ふつう
アピキサバンとリバーロキサバンは、何を直接阻害する抗凝固薬ですか?
A血小板の P2Y12 受容体
Bビタミン K エポキシド還元酵素
Cトロンビン
D第 Xa 因子
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient on simvastatin is prescribed gemfibrozil. What is the main concern?
AA sharp rise in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides
BSevere hypoglycaemia
CLoss of all lipid-lowering effect
DA much higher risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?
AHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
BHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
CHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant
Why does a patient with untreated hypothyroidism need extra care when given opioids or sedatives?
AThey clear the drugs too fast, so higher doses are needed
BThey break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
CThere is no difference compared with other patients
DThese drugs make the thyroid gland overactive
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with untreated end-stage kidney disease has chest pain that is worse lying flat and better sitting forward. A rub is heard over the heart. What is most likely?
AUraemic pericarditis, which usually needs urgent dialysis
BA stable angina attack, which needs only a nitrate spray and rest
CIndigestion from phosphate binders
DA rib fracture from coughing
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
What is achalasia?
AA tear at the junction of the oesophagus and the stomach
BInflammation of the oesophagus caused by a fungal infection
CFailure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax on swallowing
DWeakness of the lower oesophageal sphincter that allows reflux
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Which history should most alert the nurse to a possible latex allergy before surgery?
AHay fever every spring since childhood
BA rash after taking amoxicillin as a child, with a family history of asthma
CItching with bananas, avocado and kiwi, and many operations
DFeeling sick after eating shellfish once
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A newborn at 42 weeks has dry, cracked, peeling skin, long nails and little vernix. How is this baby best described?
A parent asks how to care for a child with mild croup at home. Which advice is correct?
AGive an over-the-counter cough syrup every hour until the barking cough stops
BHold the child over a bowl of hot, steaming water to loosen the cough
CKeep the child calm and upright, and get urgent help if there is noisy breathing at rest
DLay the child flat in a cool room so the airway can relax
22.小児看護むずかしい
Several family members, including the children, have had headaches, nausea and drowsiness all winter. They feel better when away from home. What should the nurse suspect?
AMigraine that runs in the family
BCarbon monoxide poisoning
CSeasonal influenza
DFood poisoning
23.精神看護ふつう
将来の自殺の最も強い予測因子の 1 つはどれですか?
A安定した仕事があること
B以前の自殺企図
C強い宗教的信仰があること
D結婚していること
24.精神看護むずかしい
After witnessing a serious accident, a woman suddenly cannot move her legs. Full investigations are normal. Which nursing approach is most appropriate?
ATell her that the paralysis is fake and that she should stand up
BIgnore her requests for help completely until she agrees to try to walk again on her own
CAccept that the symptom is real for her, help with mobility needs and gently explore recent stress
DFocus every conversation on the details of her leg weakness
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 投与が 2:45 AM と記録されています。24時間表記で同じ時刻の記載はどれですか。クリックしてください。
2:45 AM
101:45
214:45
302:45
403:45
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に ½ tbsp / 液体サプリメント, 2 カップ / お茶, 3 fl oz / ジュース を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 tbsp = 15 mL1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 29 kg の子どもに、5 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 25 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
29 kg5 mg/kg25 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 4500 単位で、薬は 10000 単位/mL で供給されます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
4500 units10000 units/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
点滴が 15 滴/mL のセットで 30 滴/分で落ちています。患者は 12 時間に何ミリリットル V 受け取りますか?
30 gtt/min15 gtt/mL12 h
V = mL
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグに薬剤 1 g が 250 mL 中に含まれています。指示は 1 分あたり 3 mg です。ポンプを何 mL/h の速度 R に設定しますか?
1 g/250 mL3 mg/min
R = mL/h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 輸液には 250 mL 中に速効型インスリン 100 単位が含まれています。指示は 6 単位/h です。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
100 個/250 mL6 個/h
R = mL/h
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 250 mg を 250 mL に溶かしたdobutamineの輸液が 37 mL/h で投与されています。患者の体重は 95 kg です。患者は何 mcg/kg/min の投与量 D を受けていますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
250 mg/250 mL37 mL/h95 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 107 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
答え: C · Put a mask on the child and move them into an airborne isolation room
これが答えになる理由
Measles is highly contagious through airborne spread. The child is masked and placed in an airborne infection isolation room, or a closed single room if none is available, and exposed people may need follow-up.
答え
C · Put a mask on the child and move them into an airborne isolation room
答え: A · A patient with neutropenia after chemotherapy
これが答えになる理由
When urgency is equal, the nurse cares for the most vulnerable patient first and patients with transmissible infections last. This lowers the risk of carrying organisms to an immunocompromised patient.
答え
A · A patient with neutropenia after chemotherapy
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Potassium, because both drugs can raise it
これが答えになる理由
Spironolactone and ACE inhibitors both reduce potassium excretion, so the combination can cause dangerous hyperkalaemia. Potassium and renal function should be checked regularly.
答え: B · Report it to the surgical team before surgery
これが答えになる理由
Hypokalemia increases the risk of arrhythmias during anesthesia and can prolong muscle weakness. Abnormal pre-operative results are reported to the surgeon and anesthetist, who decide whether to correct it or delay surgery.確認に用いた資料:Hypokalemia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2025)
答え
B · Report it to the surgical team before surgery
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Low urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
これが答えになる理由
In prerenal AKI the tubules are intact, so they keep sodium and water, giving a low urine sodium and concentrated urine. In ATN the damaged tubules cannot do this, so urine sodium is high, the urine is dilute and muddy brown casts appear.確認に用いた資料:Urine specific gravity test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Low urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
11.薬理学
答え: D · 第 Xa 因子
これが答えになる理由
アピキサバンとリバーロキサバンは直接第 Xa 因子阻害薬です。ダビガトランはトロンビンを直接阻害し、ワルファリンはビタミン K の再利用を遮断し、クロピドグレルは P2Y12 を遮断します。
答え
D · 第 Xa 因子
12.薬理学
答え: D · A much higher risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
これが答えになる理由
Gemfibrozil reduces statin clearance and adds its own muscle toxicity. The combination greatly increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis and is generally avoided.
答え
D · A much higher risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · HDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
これが答えになる理由
HDL transports cholesterol from the tissues and artery walls to the liver for removal (reverse cholesterol transport), so higher levels are linked with lower cardiovascular risk. LDL carries cholesterol to tissues and drives atherosclerosis.
答え
B · HDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
答え: B · They break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
これが答えになる理由
In hypothyroidism, drug metabolism is slowed, and patients are more sensitive to sedatives and opioids. These drugs can cause respiratory depression and may even trigger myxoedema coma, so they are used with caution.
答え
B · They break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Uraemic pericarditis, which usually needs urgent dialysis
これが答えになる理由
Uraemic toxins can cause pericarditis, with positional chest pain and a friction rub. It is an indication for urgent dialysis and can lead to a pericardial effusion and tamponade.
答え
A · Uraemic pericarditis, which usually needs urgent dialysis
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax on swallowing
これが答えになる理由
In achalasia, peristalsis is lost and the lower oesophageal sphincter does not relax, causing dysphagia to both solids and liquids, regurgitation and weight loss. Treatments include dilatation and surgical myotomy.
答え
C · Failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax on swallowing
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Itching with bananas, avocado and kiwi, and many operations
これが答えになる理由
Latex–fruit syndrome links latex allergy with foods such as banana, avocado, kiwi and chestnut. Repeated exposure, for example through many operations or catheters, also increases risk.
答え
C · Itching with bananas, avocado and kiwi, and many operations
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Post-term (postmature)
これが答えになる理由
Post-term babies often have dry, peeling skin, long nails, little vernix and lanugo and an alert look. They may also have meconium staining and are at risk of hypoglycaemia.
答え: C · Keep the child calm and upright, and get urgent help if there is noisy breathing at rest
これが答えになる理由
Calm and comfort reduce distress and airway narrowing. Steam inhalation is not effective and risks scalds. Parents should seek urgent help for stridor at rest, retractions, drooling, blue colour or drowsiness.
答え
C · Keep the child calm and upright, and get urgent help if there is noisy breathing at rest
22.小児看護
答え: B · Carbon monoxide poisoning
これが答えになる理由
Carbon monoxide from faulty heaters or boilers causes headache, nausea, dizziness and drowsiness that improve away from the source. Pulse oximetry can look falsely normal. Treatment is removal from the source and high-flow oxygen; the appliance must be checked.
答え: C · Accept that the symptom is real for her, help with mobility needs and gently explore recent stress
これが答えになる理由
In conversion disorder, the symptom is real to the patient and is not faked. The nurse meets physical needs, avoids reinforcing the symptom through excessive attention, and supports the patient in talking about stress and feelings.
答え
C · Accept that the symptom is real for her, help with mobility needs and gently explore recent stress
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
流量(mL/h)
30·60/15 = 120 mL/h
体積
V = 120·12 = 1440 mL
答え
V = 1440 mL
30.点滴速度
答え: R = 45 mL/h
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。