A patient at 35 weeks of pregnancy with high blood pressure calls the clinic. Which symptom needs urgent assessment?
ABackache after a long walk
BNeeding to pass urine more often
CA severe headache with blurred vision
DMild ankle swelling at the end of the day
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Four patients arrive at the emergency department at the same time. Who should be seen first?
AA child with a temperature of 39 °C who is alert and drinking
BA young adult with a swollen, painful ankle after a fall on the stairs
CAn adult with kidney stone pain of 9/10 and stable vital signs
DAn older adult with weakness on one side that began 40 minutes ago
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A dying patient can no longer drink and has a dry mouth. What is the most appropriate nursing care?
ALeaving the mouth alone to avoid disturbing them
BFrequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
CStarting a fast intravenous infusion to correct the dryness
DInserting a nasogastric tube for fluids
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A nurse realises she has given a patient a medicine prescribed for another patient. What should she do first?
AGive the patient's own medicine as well to balance it
BCheck the patient's condition and inform the doctor
CWait to see whether any side effects develop
DAsk a colleague not to mention it
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient had a total gastrectomy. Which long-term therapy is needed to prevent anemia?
ALifelong oral folic acid tablets only
BMonthly transfusions of red blood cells
CWeekly doses of oral vitamin K tablets
DLifelong vitamin B12 replacement
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with diabetes had a glucose of 58 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L), took 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate and, 15 minutes later, the glucose is 64 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). The patient is alert. What should the nurse do next?
AGive another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck
BGive a long-acting insulin dose to stabilize it
CWait until the next meal before giving anything
DGive a protein snack only and recheck tomorrow
11.薬理学ふつう
メトロニダゾールを服用する患者が通常避けるよう勧められるものは何ですか?
A乳製品
B日光
Cアルコール
Dグレープフルーツジュース
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking carbimazole or methimazole (thiamazole) for Graves' disease reports a sore throat and fever. What should the nurse suspect and do?
AA common cold; advise rest and fluids and continue the drug as usual
BAgranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
CThyroid storm; double the next dose of the drug
DHypothyroidism; add levothyroxine at once
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
How should a patient with asthma record their peak flow at home?
ATake one gentle blow once a week, at any time of day
BTake the average of ten blows after exercise
CTake the best of three blows, ideally morning and evening
DBlow only during an asthma attack, never when well
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Shortly after a thoracentesis, a patient becomes breathless with sharp chest pain and reduced breath sounds on the same side. What complication is most likely?
ARe-accumulation of the effusion
BPulmonary embolism from the leg
CPneumothorax
DInfection at the puncture site
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
CKDの患者がしばしば食事とともにリン吸着薬を服用するのはなぜですか?
A欠乏しているホルモンのエリスロポエチンを補うから
B腸での食事中のリンの吸収を増やすから
C腎臓が排泄できない食事中のリンを結合するから
D腸内でカリウムを結合して、血中カリウムを下げるから
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient has frothy urine and marked leg swelling. Serum albumin is 18 g/L (1.8 g/dL), and BP is normal. The urine shows heavy protein but little blood. What is most likely?
ANephrotic syndrome
BAcute pyelonephritis
CA urethral stricture
DNephritic syndrome
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
腫瘍崩壊症候群に典型的な電解質のパターンはどれですか?
A高いカリウム、リン、尿酸と、低いカルシウム
B高いナトリウムと高いカルシウムと、低い尿酸値
C低いカリウムとリンと、高いカルシウム
D低いカリウム、低いリン、低い尿酸
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?
ATo treat the patient's anaemia only
BTo increase the anticancer effect on the tumour
CTo rescue normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
DTo prevent hair loss during treatment
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
新生児が生後 18 時間で黄疸を呈しています。何を示唆しますか?
Aそれ以上の対応が不要な、正常な生理的黄疸
B早急なアセスメントが必要な病的黄疸
C母乳性黄疸
Dビタミン K の正常な作用
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn is pale, has a heart rate of 170/min and weak pulses after a difficult vacuum birth. The scalp is boggy and swelling across the sutures is increasing. What should the nurse suspect?
答え: C · Face the patient and speak clearly at a normal pace
これが答えになる理由
Facing the patient in good light, reducing background noise and speaking clearly, without shouting, helps understanding. Hearing aids should be in and working.
答え
C · Face the patient and speak clearly at a normal pace
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · A postoperative patient with SpO₂ 89% on air and a respiratory rate of 28
これが答えになる理由
Low saturation with a high respiratory rate shows a breathing problem that could worsen quickly. The other needs are real but not urgent.
答え
D · A postoperative patient with SpO₂ 89% on air and a respiratory rate of 28
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
これが答えになる理由
Home sharps go into a puncture-resistant container, such as an approved sharps container or a rigid plastic bottle if local rules allow, which is closed and disposed of according to local guidance.
答え
D · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
A severe headache and visual changes can be signs of severe pre-eclampsia and a risk of eclampsia. Mild ankle swelling, backache and frequent urination are common in late pregnancy.
答え
C · A severe headache with blurred vision
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · An older adult with weakness on one side that began 40 minutes ago
これが答えになる理由
Sudden one-sided weakness suggests a stroke, and treatment depends on how quickly it starts. Severe kidney stone pain needs prompt pain relief, but the patient is stable.
答え
D · An older adult with weakness on one side that began 40 minutes ago
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Frequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
これが答えになる理由
Regular mouth care with moist swabs, water sprays and lip balm relieves a dry mouth in the last days of life. Families can be shown how to help.
答え
B · Frequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · Check the patient's condition and inform the doctor
これが答えになる理由
The first priority is the patient: assess them and inform the prescriber so that any treatment can be given. The error must then be documented, reported and discussed openly with the patient (open disclosure; in the UK, the statutory duty of candour).
答え
B · Check the patient's condition and inform the doctor
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Lifelong vitamin B12 replacement
これが答えになる理由
Intrinsic factor from the stomach is needed to absorb vitamin B12 in the ileum. After a total gastrectomy, B12 must be replaced for life, usually by injection, to prevent macrocytic anemia and nerve damage.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia - Causes · NHS (2023); Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · Lifelong vitamin B12 replacement
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Give another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck
これが答えになる理由
The "15-15 rule" is repeated until the glucose is at least 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L); UK guidance uses 4.0 mmol/L and 15–20 g of carbohydrate. Then a snack or meal with complex carbohydrate and protein is given if the next meal is not soon, to prevent recurrence.
答え
A · Give another 15 g of fast carbohydrate and recheck
答え: B · Agranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
これが答えになる理由
Thionamides can cause agranulocytosis, which leaves the patient unable to fight infection. Sore throat, fever or mouth ulcers need an urgent full blood count, and the drug is stopped while waiting.
答え
B · Agranulocytosis; stop the drug and check the white cell count urgently
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Take the best of three blows, ideally morning and evening
これが答えになる理由
The patient stands or sits upright, takes a full breath and blows as hard and fast as possible, three times, recording the best. Regular readings show variability and guide the action plan, which uses the patient's own best value as the reference.
答え
C · Take the best of three blows, ideally morning and evening
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Pneumothorax
これが答えになる理由
Pneumothorax is a common complication of thoracentesis, caused by the needle puncturing the lung or air entering the chest. The nurse assesses the patient, gives oxygen and informs the team, who will arrange a chest X-ray. An effusion re-accumulates over days, and infection appears later.
Heavy proteinuria, very low albumin and oedema point to nephrotic syndrome. Nephritic syndrome is mainly haematuria with hypertension and reduced urine output. The cause is investigated, often with a biopsy.
答え: C · To rescue normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Timed folinic acid bypasses this block in normal cells, reducing toxicity such as mucositis and myelosuppression, while methotrexate levels and kidney function are monitored.
答え
C · To rescue normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
A subgaleal haemorrhage is bleeding under the scalp aponeurosis. It crosses suture lines, can grow rapidly and can cause hypovolaemic shock. It is an emergency, unlike caput or cephalhaematoma.
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
体重から求めた投与量
12.5·24 = 300 mg
体積
V = (300/120)·5 = 12.5 mL
答え
V = 12.5 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 25 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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