At what angle is a subcutaneous injection usually given?
AAlways parallel to the skin
B45 to 90 degrees, depending on the amount of fat
C90 degrees after stretching the skin flat
DAlways exactly 15 degrees, with the skin stretched flat
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Why should only the patient press the button of a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump?
ANurses are not allowed to give opioids
BVisitors might damage the pump or change its settings if they touch it
CThe pump only works with the patient's fingerprint
DA drowsy patient stops pressing, which helps prevent overdose
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
空気予防策中の患者のケアを終えた後、N95マスクはいつ外しますか?
A部屋を出てドアを閉めた後
B入室した直後
C外さない(勤務の間中ずっと着用する)
D部屋の中で手袋を外す前
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
窒息のリスクがある意識清明な患者に、経口薬を与えています。最も安全な実践はどれですか?
A許可されているか確認せずに、すべての錠剤を砕く
B時間を節約するため、すべての錠剤を一度に与える
C飲み込みやすいよう、患者を仰臥位に寝かせる
D患者を座位にして、錠剤を1錠ずつ与える
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Which newborn finding needs prompt reporting?
AMild jaundice that first appears on the third day
BBluish hands and feet in the first hours
CMilia (small white spots) on the nose
DJaundice that appears within the first 24 hours
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which finding after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is expected and needs only reassurance and comfort measures?
ARight shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
BIncreasing abdominal pain with a temperature of 39 °C
CA heart rate of 125/min with a falling blood pressure
DYellow skin with dark urine on the second day
7.臨床看護学ふつう
慢性腎臓病の患者が食事で通常制限すべきものは?
A炭水化物を完全に
Bビタミン C と食物繊維
C水溶性ビタミンだけ
Dカリウムとリン
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with back pain develops numbness around the anus and genitals and new difficulty passing urine. Which condition should be suspected?
AConstipation
BSimple muscle strain
CCauda equina syndrome
DKidney stones
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
1 時間前に胸痛が始まった患者の、最初のトロポニンが正常でした。正しい解釈はどれですか?
A梗塞は否定されたので、それ以上のトロポニン検査は不要である
B梗塞は否定されておらず、プロトコルに従ってトロポニンを再測定する
C患者はすぐに帰宅できる
Dトロポニンは、胸痛のある患者には役に立たない
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on warfarin with an INR of 3.6 fell and hit their head an hour ago. They now report a worsening headache and drowsiness. What is the priority?
AHold warfarin for one dose and observe at home
BReport urgently for imaging and possible reversal
CEncourage rest in a dark room to settle the pain
DGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and recheck the INR tomorrow
11.薬理学ふつう
エンパグリフロジンなどの SGLT2 阻害薬はどのように血糖を下げますか?
Aβ細胞からのインスリン分泌を刺激する
B胃の排出を遅くする
C肝臓がより多くのグリコーゲンを蓄えるようにする
D尿中へのブドウ糖の排出を増やす
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why is adenosine used with caution in patients with asthma?
AIt causes severe hypertension in asthma
BIt reduces the effect of inhaled steroids
CIt is broken down too slowly in asthma
DIt can cause bronchospasm
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Why must anti-embolism stockings be measured and fitted correctly?
ALoose stockings make the patient's legs too warm at night
BTight stockings work better, so the smallest size is always best
CPoorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
DCorrect fit is needed only to improve the appearance
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Three days after an MI, a patient faints on the commode while straining hard to open the bowels. The heart rate was 42/min at the time. What is the most likely mechanism?
AA vagal response to straining
BLow blood glucose from fasting
CAn allergic reaction to the commode
DA new pulmonary embolism
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with migraine takes painkillers or triptans on most days and now has a headache almost every day. What is the likely problem?
AA brain tumour, which is almost certain
BNormal progress of migraine
CMedication overuse headache
DAn allergy to the painkillers
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
After a stroke, a patient suddenly cries or laughs at odd moments. They say they do not feel sad. Which response is most appropriate?
AExplain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand
BTell the patient that crying will slow their recovery
CIgnore it, because it shows that the patient is seeking attention from the staff
DAsk the doctor for a sedative to stop the outbursts
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
A patient with a new colostomy asks what to eat at home. Which advice is most appropriate?
AEat only liquids until the stoma is removed
BEat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually
CAvoid all fruit and vegetables for the rest of their life
DDrink as little fluid as possible to reduce output
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient finds daily wound dressing changes very painful. What is the most effective nursing approach?
ADo the dressing quickly and give analgesia afterwards
BChange the dressing less often than the plan says
CGive analgesia timed so it works during the dressing change
DAvoid analgesia so the patient can report any problems during the change
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Parents ask where their newborn should sleep at night. Which advice reduces the risk of sudden infant death?
AIn a separate bedroom from the first night
BIn the parents' bed, between the two adults
COn a sofa with a parent when the baby is unsettled
A 12-year-old with type 1 diabetes will play a long football match. What should the nurse advise?
ACheck glucose before playing and keep fast-acting carbohydrate at hand
BInject an extra dose of insulin into the thigh just before he starts running
CSkip the meal before the match to avoid high glucose
DAvoid sport, because exercise is unsafe with diabetes
22.小児看護むずかしい
A large baby born to a mother with diabetes becomes jittery at 1 hour of age. What should the nurse check first?
AThe baby's haemoglobin
BThe baby's blood glucose
CThe baby's serum bilirubin
DThe baby's blood group
23.精神看護ふつう
患者のリチウム濃度を上昇させる可能性が最も高い薬はどれですか?
Aパラセタモール(アセトアミノフェン)
Bオメプラゾール
Cイブプロフェン
Dアモキシシリン
24.精神看護むずかしい
A community nurse visits an older woman with hoarding disorder whose home is so cluttered that the exits are blocked. What is the most appropriate approach?
ATell her that she will be evicted unless everything is thrown away today
BIgnore the clutter, because it is her own home
CWork with her to clear the exits first, then agree a gradual plan together
DArrange for the whole house to be cleared while she is out
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重の換算結果は 116.6231 kg です。 この練習問題のルールは「体重は、キログラムの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
116.6231 kg
x = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 23:00 に始まり、翌朝の 00:20 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何時間 t 続きましたか。答えは時間の小数で、小数第2位に丸めてください。
23:0000:20
t = h
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 70 kg です。指示量は 1 日 5 mg/kg で、3 回に等分して投与します。1 回あたり何 mg D 投与しますか?
70 kg5 mg/kg/日3× 1 日あたり
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
体重 14 kg の子どもに、5 mL 中に 200 mg を含む経口懸濁液が一回 15 mg/kg で処方されています。与える量 V はいくらですか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
14 kg15 mg/kg200 mg/5 mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
500 mL を 12 時間で投与するよう指示されています。4 時間後、バッグにまだ 390 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 ポンプを何 mL/h の速度 R に設定し直す必要がありますか?
500 mL / 12 h経過時間 4 h: 390 mL
R = mL/h
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 50 mL 中に薬を 400 mg 含み、15 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
400 mg/50 mL15 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 輸液には 250 mL 中に速効型インスリン 100 単位が含まれています。体重 90 kg の患者に 0.05 単位/kg/h の指示が出ています。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
100 個/250 mL0.05 個/kg/h90 kg
R = mL/h
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 68 kg の患者に、nitroglycerinを 50 mcg/min で投与する指示が出ています。バッグには 250 mL 中に 50 mg が含まれています。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
50 mg/250 mL50 mcg/min68 kg
R = mL/h
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 71 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
71 kg8 h尿: 200 mL尿: 275 mL尿: 200 mL尿: 150 mL
U = mL/kg/h
34.輸液と水分出納むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 500 mL のバッグを 08:30 に開始し、ポンプで 150 mL/h で投与しています。11:30 の時点でバッグには何 mL V 残っていますか?
答え: B · 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the amount of fat
これが答えになる理由
The angle depends on needle length and body fat. A short needle at 90 degrees suits most adults; in thin patients a pinch of skin or a 45-degree angle avoids reaching muscle.
答え
B · 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the amount of fat
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · A drowsy patient stops pressing, which helps prevent overdose
これが答えになる理由
If the patient becomes too sleepy they cannot press the button, so no more opioid is given. When others press it this safety is lost and respiratory depression can follow.
答え
D · A drowsy patient stops pressing, which helps prevent overdose
答え: D · Jaundice that appears within the first 24 hours
これが答えになる理由
Jaundice in the first 24 hours is not physiological and may point to hemolysis or infection. Mild jaundice after the first day, milia and acrocyanosis are common, expected findings.
答え
D · Jaundice that appears within the first 24 hours
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
これが答えになる理由
Gas used to inflate the abdomen irritates the diaphragm and causes referred shoulder pain, which settles in a day or two. Jaundice, fever with worsening pain and signs of shock suggest complications.
答え
A · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
Saddle anaesthesia, bladder or bowel dysfunction and leg symptoms with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome. It needs an emergency MRI and surgical review to prevent permanent loss of function.
答え
C · Cauda equina syndrome
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · 梗塞は否定されておらず、プロトコルに従ってトロポニンを再測定する
これが答えになる理由
トロポニンは、症状の発現直後には正常のことがあります。梗塞を確定または除外するには、心電図や症状とあわせた連続測定が必要です。多くのプロトコルでは、高感度トロポニンを 1~3 時間後に再測定します。確認に用いた資料:Troponin Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
B · 梗塞は否定されておらず、プロトコルに従ってトロポニンを再測定する
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Report urgently for imaging and possible reversal
これが答えになる理由
A head injury in an anticoagulated patient, with worsening headache and drowsiness, suggests intracranial bleeding. The provider is told at once, neurological checks are done often, urgent imaging is arranged, and warfarin reversal (vitamin K and a prothrombin complex concentrate) may be prescribed.確認に用いた資料:Taking warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) - what to ask your doctor · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · Report urgently for imaging and possible reversal
Adenosine can trigger bronchospasm in people with asthma or COPD. Other treatment options, such as verapamil, may be chosen.
答え
D · It can cause bronchospasm
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Poorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
これが答えになる理由
Stockings that are the wrong size or that roll down can act like a tourniquet and cause skin and pressure damage. They are measured to the leg, checked daily, and avoided in significant peripheral arterial disease, severe neuropathy or leg skin damage.
答え
C · Poorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · A vagal response to straining
これが答えになる理由
Straining (the Valsalva manoeuvre) can cause a vagal bradycardia and a fall in cardiac output, leading to syncope. After an MI, stool softeners, adequate fluids and avoiding straining are advised. The event is still reported and the patient assessed for arrhythmia or ischaemia.
答え
A · A vagal response to straining
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Medication overuse headache
これが答えになる理由
Frequent use of painkillers or triptans can cause medication overuse headache. Treatment involves withdrawing the overused drug under guidance and starting a preventive treatment if needed.
答え
C · Medication overuse headache
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Explain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand
これが答えになる理由
Emotional lability (pseudobulbar affect) is common after stroke: crying or laughter does not match the person's mood. Explaining it, staying calm and gently distracting the patient helps. True depression is also common and should be screened for separately.
答え
A · Explain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Eat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually
これが答えになる理由
People with a colostomy can usually eat a normal diet. Foods are reintroduced gradually to see how each one affects gas, odour and output, and regular meals and fluids help.
答え
B · Eat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Give analgesia timed so it works during the dressing change
これが答えになる理由
Procedural pain is best managed by giving analgesia so its peak effect matches the procedure. Non-adherent dressings, soaking adherent dressings and allowing the patient to call pauses also help.
答え
C · Give analgesia timed so it works during the dressing change
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · In a separate cot or crib in the parents' room
これが答えになる理由
Both US (AAP) and UK (NHS) guidance advise room-sharing without bed-sharing: the baby sleeps on the back in a cot or crib in the parents' room for at least the first 6 months. Sleeping with a baby on a sofa or armchair is especially dangerous.
答え
D · In a separate cot or crib in the parents' room
答え: A · Check glucose before playing and keep fast-acting carbohydrate at hand
これが答えになる理由
Exercise increases glucose uptake by muscles, so hypoglycaemia can occur during or after sport, even overnight. Checking glucose, having extra carbohydrate and adjusting insulin as advised make sport safe and beneficial.
答え
A · Check glucose before playing and keep fast-acting carbohydrate at hand
22.小児看護
答え: B · The baby's blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
Babies of mothers with diabetes produce extra insulin before birth, so after the cord is cut they are at high risk of hypoglycaemia. Jitteriness is a common sign, so blood glucose is checked straight away and the baby is fed or treated as per protocol.
答え: C · Work with her to clear the exits first, then agree a gradual plan together
これが答えになる理由
Forced clear-outs cause great distress and the clutter usually returns. Collaborative, gradual work focusing first on safety, such as fire exits and fall risks, with involvement of relevant services, is more effective.
答え
C · Work with her to clear the exits first, then agree a gradual plan together
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
1 日の総量
5·70 = 350 mg
1 回あたり
D = 350/3 = 116.7 mg
答え
D = 116.7 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 5.3 mL
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
体重から求めた投与量
15·14 = 210 mg
体積
V = (210/200)·5 = 5.25 ≈ 5.3 mL
答え
V = 5.3 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 48.75 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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