AMuch larger than the stoma so that the edge never rubs against it
BTo fit closely around the stoma without pressing on it
CSmaller than the stoma so it grips it tightly
DIn any shape, as long as the bag sticks
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
During medicines reconciliation, the patient says they take an anticoagulant at home, but it has not been prescribed in hospital. What should the nurse do?
ATell the patient to stop it for good
BIgnore it, as the hospital doctor knows best
CInform the prescriber so the omission can be reviewed
DGive the patient's own supply without telling anyone
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Why can side rails be dangerous for a confused, restless patient?
ASide rails stop staff from reaching the patient in an emergency
BSide rails always cause pressure injuries
CSide rails make the bed move by itself
DThe patient may climb over them or get trapped in gaps
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient given naloxone for an opioid overdose wakes up. An hour later, the patient is drowsy again with slow breathing. What is the likely reason?
ANaloxone wears off sooner than many opioids, so the opioid effect returns
BThe patient is now allergic to naloxone
CThe patient is simply tired after the event
DNaloxone itself causes slow breathing and drowsiness once it has been given
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient on a continuous IV heparin infusion has new black, tarry stools and an aPTT well above the target range. What should the nurse do first?
AOffer an iron-rich meal to replace the lost blood
BGive a dose of vitamin K by mouth
CStop the heparin infusion and inform the provider
DCheck the pump rate and leave the infusion running
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Two weeks after birth, a mother says she hears voices telling her the baby is evil. What is the priority?
AAdvise more sleep and book a routine follow-up visit for next month
BKeep the mother and baby safe and arrange urgent psychiatric care
CReassure her that this is normal “baby blues”
DLeave her alone with the baby to bond
7.臨床看護学ふつう
How is Helicobacter pylori infection usually treated?
AA combination of antibiotics with a proton pump inhibitor
BA single dose of paracetamol and a bland diet for a week
CSurgery to remove the stomach
DAntacids alone, taken after every meal for a month
After a faulty gas heater was found at home, a patient has headache, nausea and confusion. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What is the priority treatment?
AParacetamol (acetaminophen) and observation only
BOxygen at 1 L/min via nasal cannula
CReassurance, because the oxygen saturation is normal
DHigh-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient uses a continuous glucose monitor. Which statement is correct?
AIt reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
BIt measures glucose directly in the blood every second of the day
CIt makes finger-prick checks unnecessary in every situation
DIt works by giving small doses of insulin automatically
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?
AAn allergic reaction to the needles
BThe dialysate is too cold
CFluid is being removed too quickly
DNot enough fluid is being removed
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?
AA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery
BAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
CA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan
DA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A worker has a hydrofluoric acid burn on the hand and severe pain. After irrigation with water, which specific treatment is commonly applied?
ASilver sulfadiazine cream
BIce cubes wrapped in a cloth
CSodium bicarbonate paste
DCalcium gluconate gel
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
In which order do the final cardinal movements of labour occur after extension?
ARestitution, external rotation, expulsion
BExternal rotation, flexion, expulsion
CInternal rotation, descent, expulsion
DExpulsion, restitution, external rotation
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn's bilirubin is rising quickly at 30 hours despite phototherapy, and the baby is lethargic with an arched back and high-pitched cry. What does this suggest?
答え: B · To fit closely around the stoma without pressing on it
これが答えになる理由
The opening should fit snugly so stoma output does not reach the skin, but not so tight that it damages the stoma. Stomas shrink in the weeks after surgery, so the size is re-measured.
答え
B · To fit closely around the stoma without pressing on it
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Inform the prescriber so the omission can be reviewed
これが答えになる理由
Unexplained differences between home and hospital medicines are reported to the prescriber. Missed anticoagulants can cause clots, and some omissions are deliberate, for example before surgery.
答え
C · Inform the prescriber so the omission can be reviewed
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · The patient may climb over them or get trapped in gaps
これが答えになる理由
Confused patients may climb over rails and fall from a greater height or become trapped between the rail and mattress. Alternatives such as low beds and close observation are often safer.
答え
D · The patient may climb over them or get trapped in gaps
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Naloxone wears off sooner than many opioids, so the opioid effect returns
これが答えになる理由
Naloxone acts for a shorter time than many opioids, so sedation and respiratory depression can return. Patients are monitored closely, and repeat doses or an infusion may be needed.
答え
A · Naloxone wears off sooner than many opioids, so the opioid effect returns
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Stop the heparin infusion and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
Black, tarry stools suggest upper GI bleeding, and a high aPTT shows too much anticoagulation. The nurse stops the heparin, checks vital signs and informs the provider, who may prescribe protamine sulfate. Vitamin K reverses warfarin, not heparin.
答え
C · Stop the heparin infusion and inform the provider
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Keep the mother and baby safe and arrange urgent psychiatric care
これが答えになる理由
Hallucinations and delusions after birth suggest postpartum psychosis, a psychiatric emergency with risk to mother and baby. Safety and urgent specialist care are the priorities.
答え
B · Keep the mother and baby safe and arrange urgent psychiatric care
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · A combination of antibiotics with a proton pump inhibitor
これが答えになる理由
Eradication therapy combines a PPI with two antibiotics for a set course. Completing the course is important for success.
答え
A · A combination of antibiotics with a proton pump inhibitor
In sepsis, falling platelets (coagulation), a rising creatinine (kidney) and a raised bilirubin (liver) show organ dysfunction, which indicates severe disease. The other sets are normal or near normal.
答え
B · Platelets 70 × 10³/µL, creatinine doubled, bilirubin raised
11.薬理学
答え: D · Nausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
これが答えになる理由
Cholinesterase inhibitors cause cholinergic effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and bradycardia. Patients are watched for dizziness and fainting from a slow pulse.
答え: D · High-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
これが答えになる理由
Carbon monoxide binds haemoglobin far more strongly than oxygen, causing tissue hypoxia, while pulse oximetry can look normal. High-concentration oxygen speeds CO removal. Carboxyhaemoglobin is measured on a blood gas, and others in the home may also be at risk.
答え
D · High-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · It reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
CGM sensors measure interstitial glucose, which lags several minutes behind blood glucose, especially when levels change fast. A finger-prick check is advised when symptoms do not match the reading.
答え
A · It reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Fluid is being removed too quickly
これが答えになる理由
Muscle cramps and hypotension during dialysis are often due to rapid or excessive fluid removal. Staff may reduce the ultrafiltration rate and give saline per protocol. The dry weight may need to be reviewed.
答え
C · Fluid is being removed too quickly
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · An underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
これが答えになる理由
Risk factors include a low BMI, little or no intake for over 5 days, significant weight loss, alcohol misuse and low electrolytes before feeding. These patients start nutrition slowly with electrolyte monitoring.
答え
B · An underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Calcium gluconate gel
これが答えになる理由
Hydrofluoric acid penetrates deeply and binds calcium and magnesium, causing severe pain and possible life-threatening hypocalcaemia. Calcium gluconate gel binds fluoride; serum calcium and heart rhythm are monitored in larger exposures.
答え
D · Calcium gluconate gel
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Restitution, external rotation, expulsion
これが答えになる理由
After extension delivers the head, it rotates back into line with the shoulders (restitution), then rotates further as the shoulders turn (external rotation), and finally the body is born (expulsion).
答え
A · Restitution, external rotation, expulsion
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Acute bilirubin encephalopathy
これが答えになる理由
Lethargy, poor feeding, hypertonia with arching and a high-pitched cry are signs of acute bilirubin encephalopathy. An urgent exchange transfusion may be needed to prevent permanent kernicterus.
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
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