Which adverse effect is a particular risk with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen?
AStomach irritation and bleeding
BSevere constipation that lasts for weeks
CLow blood sugar
DBreathing slowing down
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses a blood transfusion that the team believes is needed. Which two ethical principles are in conflict?
AJustice and veracity
BAutonomy and beneficence
CFidelity and justice
DVeracity and non-maleficence
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
空気予防策中の患者のケアを終えた後、N95マスクはいつ外しますか?
A外さない(勤務の間中ずっと着用する)
B部屋を出てドアを閉めた後
C部屋の中で手袋を外す前
D入室した直後
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A competent patient at high risk of falls insists on walking to the bathroom alone. What is the best nursing approach?
ATell the patient that walking alone is against hospital law
BApply wrist restraints so the patient stays in bed
CRemove the patient’s shoes and walking aid so that they cannot walk alone
DExplain the risks, agree on ways to reduce them, respect the decision and document
An adult stares blankly for about a minute, smacks their lips and fumbles with their clothes. Afterwards they are confused for ten minutes and remember nothing. Which seizure type fits best?
AMyoclonic seizure
BFocal impaired awareness seizure
CAbsence seizure
DAtonic (drop) seizure with a fall
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which finding suggests a deep tissue pressure injury?
APale pink skin that blanches quickly when pressed
BIntact skin that is purple or maroon over a bony area
CDry, flaky skin on both shins
DA small scratch on the skin with a little fresh red blood
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
In week 5 of radiotherapy, the skin in the treatment field is broken, moist and painful. What should the nurse do?
AApply adhesive tape directly over the area to protect it from clothing
BUse a heat pad to speed healing
CScrub the area with soap to prevent infection
DReport it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
分娩の最初の回旋(分娩機転)の正しい順序はどれですか?
A内回旋、進入、下降、伸展、屈曲
B下降、伸展、進入、屈曲、内回旋
C屈曲、進入、伸展、下降、内回旋
D進入、下降、屈曲、内回旋、伸展
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A pregnant woman tests positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. What should the nurse expect for the newborn?
AHepatitis B vaccine within hours of birth, often with immunoglobulin
BA caesarean birth to prevent all transmission
CNo treatment until the baby is 6 months old
DFormula feeding only, because breastfeeding is contraindicated
21.小児看護ふつう
コデインとトラマドールが 12 歳未満の子どもに推奨されないのはなぜですか?
A中等度の痛みには効果が弱すぎ、常により強いオピオイドが望ましいため
B非常に速く代謝する子どもがおり、危険な呼吸抑制を起こすため
C静脈内にしか投与できないため
D必ずアレルギーを起こすため
22.小児看護むずかしい
A 12-year-old with asthma has been prescribed a preventer inhaler (inhaled corticosteroid) to take every day. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I use my spacer with my inhaler, even at school."
B"I carry my reliever inhaler with me everywhere I go."
C"I stop taking my preventer inhaler whenever I've had a few good days."
D"I rinse my mouth after using my preventer inhaler."
23.精神看護ふつう
不安に対するブスピロンについて、正しい記述はどれですか?
A非常に依存性が高い
Bベンゾジアゼピン系薬のように、パニック発作の最中に数分で効く
Cアルコールと一緒に服用しなければならない
D効果が出るまでに数週間かかり、頓用薬としては役に立たない
24.精神看護むずかしい
The daughter of a man with moderate dementia says she is exhausted, is not sleeping and feels guilty for getting angry with him. What is the most helpful nursing response?
AAcknowledge her strain and discuss support such as respite care and carers' groups
BAdvise her to take on more responsibility for his care so that she feels less guilty
CSuggest that she stops visiting him for a few months so that she can rest and forget about her guilt
DTell her that good daughters do not get angry with their parents
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の身長は 6 ft 6 in です。1 ft = 12 in と 1 in = 2.54 cm を使って、身長 h をセンチメートルで、cm の整数に丸めて求めてください。
6 ft 6 in1 ft = 12 in1 in = 2.54 cm
h = cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 21:10 に始まり、翌朝の 06:40 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何時間 t 続きましたか。答えは時間の小数で、小数第2位に丸めてください。
21:1006:40
t = h
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 12 kg です。指示量は 1 日 2 mg/kg で、3 回に等分して投与します。1 回あたり何 mg D 投与しますか?
12 kg2 mg/kg/日3× 1 日あたり
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
点滴は 1000 mL 中に薬を 20000 単位含みます。指示は 1 時間あたり 800 単位です。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか?
20000 個/1000 mL800 個/h
R = mL/h
29.点滴速度ふつう
20 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1500 mL を 10 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。
1500 mL10 h20 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
500 mL を 8 時間で投与するよう指示されています。3 時間後、バッグにまだ 380 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 元のポンプ速度を何パーセント Δ 上げる必要がありますか?
500 mL / 8 h経過時間 3 h: 380 mL
Δ = %
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 練習用プロトコルでは、体重 105 kg の患者にヘパリン 70 単位/kg をボーラス投与することになっています。バイアルは 5 000 単位/mL です。何 mL V 吸い上げますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
70 個/kg105 kg5 000 個/mL
V = mL
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 250 mg を 250 mL に溶かしたdobutamineの輸液が 38 mL/h で投与されています。患者の体重は 78 kg です。患者は何 mcg/kg/min の投与量 D を受けていますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
250 mg/250 mL38 mL/h78 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 52 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
52 kg8 h尿: 400 mL尿: 500 mL
U = mL/kg/h
34.輸液と水分出納むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 500 mL の輸液を 19:00 に 120 mL/h で開始します。2 時間後に流量を 75 mL/h に変更し、その後は変更しません。開始から何時間後 t にバッグは空になりますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and cause ulcers and bleeding. They are taken with food, avoided in some patients and may also affect the kidneys.
答え
A · Stomach irritation and bleeding
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Autonomy and beneficence
これが答えになる理由
The patient's right to decide (autonomy) conflicts with the team's wish to do good (beneficence). A valid refusal by a competent adult is respected, and alternatives to blood are explored.
答え: D · Explain the risks, agree on ways to reduce them, respect the decision and document
これが答えになる理由
A competent patient can accept a risk. The nurse explains the danger, offers measures such as a low bed, non-slip footwear, a clear path and a call light, respects the choice and documents the discussion.
答え
D · Explain the risks, agree on ways to reduce them, respect the decision and document
Beta-blockers can hide tachycardia, palpitations and tremor during hypoglycemia. Sweating is mainly cholinergic, so it usually remains, and patients are taught to check glucose when they sweat.
答え
D · Sweating
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · To stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
これが答えになる理由
Irrigation dilutes blood and flushes out clots so the catheter does not block. Output must be measured carefully and urine output calculated by subtracting the irrigation volume.
答え
A · To stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
答え: D · Folic acid can fix the anemia while B12-related nerve damage continues
これが答えになる理由
Folic acid can improve the blood picture in B12 deficiency but does not prevent nerve damage. Giving folate alone can therefore mask the deficiency while neurological damage progresses. Both levels are checked before treatment.
答え
D · Folic acid can fix the anemia while B12-related nerve damage continues
答え: A · A stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
これが答えになる理由
Opioid-induced constipation does not usually resolve with time, so a laxative is started with the opioid. Stimulant laxatives counter reduced motility; bulk-forming laxatives alone can worsen symptoms if fluid intake is low.
答え
A · A stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
答え: D · Extra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema
これが答えになる理由
In heart failure, the ventricle cannot cope with large increases in preload, so IV fluids can raise filling pressures and cause pulmonary oedema. When fluids are needed, smaller volumes are given with close reassessment of breathing, crackles, JVP, weight and fluid balance.
答え
D · Extra volume can quickly cause pulmonary oedema
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · The right coronary artery usually supplies the AV node
これが答えになる理由
In most people the right coronary artery supplies the inferior wall and the AV node, so inferior MI can cause AV block. It is often temporary and may respond to atropine, but symptomatic or persistent block may need temporary pacing.
答え
C · The right coronary artery usually supplies the AV node
Focal impaired awareness seizures often come from the temporal lobe. They last about a minute or two, with automatisms such as lip smacking and fumbling, and are followed by confusion. Absence seizures are shorter and have no postictal phase.
答え
B · Focal impaired awareness seizure
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Intact skin that is purple or maroon over a bony area
これが答えになる理由
A deep tissue injury appears as persistent purple, maroon or dark discolouration, or a blood-filled blister, from pressure and shear on underlying tissue. It may quickly turn into a deep wound.
答え
B · Intact skin that is purple or maroon over a bony area
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Report it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing
これが答えになる理由
Moist desquamation is a more severe radiation skin reaction. The radiotherapy team is informed; the area is kept clean and covered with non-adherent dressings, avoiding adhesive on the skin, and analgesia is given. Infection is watched for.
答え
D · Report it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · 進入、下降、屈曲、内回旋、伸展
これが答えになる理由
分娩機転は、進入、下降、屈曲、内回旋、伸展、外回旋(復位)、娩出の順です。
答え
D · 進入、下降、屈曲、内回旋、伸展
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Hepatitis B vaccine within hours of birth, often with immunoglobulin
これが答えになる理由
Babies of HBsAg-positive mothers get a first dose of hepatitis B vaccine soon after birth. In the US, all of them also receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 12 hours; in the UK, the vaccine is given within 24 hours and HBIG is added when the mother is highly infectious (for example HBeAg-positive or with a high viral load). Breastfeeding is not contraindicated, and the vaccine series is completed later.
答え
A · Hepatitis B vaccine within hours of birth, often with immunoglobulin
答え: C · "I stop taking my preventer inhaler whenever I've had a few good days."
これが答えになる理由
Preventer (inhaled corticosteroid) inhalers reduce airway inflammation and must be taken daily as prescribed, even when the child feels well. Carrying a reliever, rinsing the mouth and using a spacer are correct.
答え
C · "I stop taking my preventer inhaler whenever I've had a few good days."
答え: A · Acknowledge her strain and discuss support such as respite care and carers' groups
これが答えになる理由
Caregiver strain is common and can affect both the carer and the patient. Recognising it, and offering respite, practical support and carers' groups, helps the carer continue safely.
答え
A · Acknowledge her strain and discuss support such as respite care and carers' groups
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 198 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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