Why are patients with a new ileostomy at risk of dehydration?
AThe colon removes too much water from the stool
BThey are not allowed to drink for several weeks after surgery
CThe output is liquid and contains a lot of water and salt
DThe stoma absorbs water from the body
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
An AED is about to deliver a shock. What must the rescuer do?
AMake sure no one is touching the patient
BKeep doing chest compressions during the shock
CHold the patient's hand to reassure them
DRemove the pads and place them again
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Which drugs are used as antidotes for nerve agent poisoning?
ANaloxone and flumazenil
BAtropine and pralidoxime
CAcetylcysteine and charcoal
DVitamin K and protamine
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
重度の認知症の患者が夜間に一人でベッドから出て、2回転倒しています。最も適切な計画はどれですか?
Aベッドにとどまらせるため、毎晩鎮静薬を投与する
B4本のベッド柵を上げ、静かにするため夜間はドアを閉める
C低いベッド、ベッドアラーム、排泄誘導の巡回、常夜灯、滑り止め付き靴下
D夜間は患者を椅子に縛りつける
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
On a postpartum unit, which patient is the most appropriate to assign to an LPN/LVN?
ADay 1 after an uncomplicated vaginal birth, stable vital signs
BSevere pre-eclampsia on a magnesium sulfate infusion
COne hour after birth with heavy bleeding and a boggy uterus
DA new admission transferred from the labor ward with a fever of 38.6 °C
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which patient with cirrhosis should the nurse see first?
AWants to talk about stopping drinking alcohol for good
BLarge ascites that is unchanged from yesterday
CVomiting bright red blood, heart rate 120/min
DLong-standing jaundice and itchy skin, asking for cream
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which side effects are common after high doses of salbutamol (albuterol)?
AConstipation and urinary retention
BTremor and a fast heart rate
CHair loss and weight gain
DBradycardia and drowsiness
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
濃縮塩化カリウムを急速静注してはいけないのはなぜですか?
A致死的な不整脈を起こし得るから
Bすぐに腎不全を起こすから
C速く入れると効かないから
D静脈内で結晶化して、カニューレを詰まらせるから
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?
AReference ranges include every healthy person without exception
BAny result outside the range always means disease is present
CReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
DRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Which patient's result should the nurse act on first?
APlatelets 140 × 10³/µL in a patient with mild chronic liver disease
BHemoglobin 9.6 g/dL (96 g/L) in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
CFerritin 15 ng/mL in a well patient with known iron-deficiency anemia on oral iron
DHemoglobin 6.4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min
11.薬理学ふつう
旧来の MAO 阻害薬を服用している患者は、チラミンの多い食品について注意を受けます。何が起こりうるのですか?
Aアレルギー性の発疹
B高血圧クリーゼ
C重い低血糖
D突然の腎不全
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why is the TPMT enzyme often tested before azathioprine is started?
ATPMT is needed to absorb azathioprine from the gut
BTPMT testing shows whether the patient has tuberculosis
CLow TPMT activity causes toxic levels and marrow suppression
DHigh TPMT activity causes an allergic reaction to azathioprine
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?
ARub the fingers hard with snow during an attack
BKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
CTake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors
DSoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?
ALMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
BUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all
CLMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60
DUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
甲状腺摘出術の後、縫合糸やクリップの除去器具をベッドサイドに置いておくことが多いのはなぜですか?
Aドレーンが働かなくなったときに調整するために使うから
B頸部血腫が気道を圧迫することがあり、解放が必要になる場合があるから
C頸静脈から採血するために必要だから
D手術当日の夜に縫合糸を抜かなければならないから
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?
AGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
BStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
CTreat the confusion with a sedative
DEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
小腸閉塞と大腸閉塞の主な臨床的な違いは何ですか?
A小腸:早期の嘔吐で膨満は軽い。大腸:遅れて嘔吐し、著明な膨満
B臨床的な違いはなく、CTでしか区別できない
C小腸:嘔吐がまったくない。大腸:膨満のない、早期の大量嘔吐
D小腸:著明な膨満のみ。大腸:痛みも嘔吐も膨満も全くない
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
急性膵炎の最初の数時間に、一般に推奨される輸液戦略はどれですか?
A患者の反応にかかわらず、非常に大量
B静注輸液はまったく行わず、少量の経口の水を飲むだけ
C晶質液の代わりに、静注アルブミンのみ
D反応に基づく、目標指向型の平衡晶質液
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which breastfeeding mother should be advised not to breastfeed?
答え: C · The output is liquid and contains a lot of water and salt
これが答えになる理由
The colon normally reabsorbs water and salt. An ileostomy bypasses it, so high output can quickly cause dehydration and low sodium; output is monitored and fluids encouraged.
答え
C · The output is liquid and contains a lot of water and salt
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Make sure no one is touching the patient
これが答えになる理由
Before the shock the rescuer shouts a warning and checks that everyone is clear. Compressions restart straight after the shock as the AED instructs.
答え
A · Make sure no one is touching the patient
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Atropine and pralidoxime
これが答えになる理由
Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing excess acetylcholine. Atropine blocks muscarinic effects such as secretions and bradycardia, and pralidoxime helps to reactivate the enzyme.
答え: A · Day 1 after an uncomplicated vaginal birth, stable vital signs
これが答えになる理由
A stable patient after an uncomplicated birth fits the LPN/LVN role. Heavy bleeding, magnesium infusions and new admissions with fever need RN assessment.
答え
A · Day 1 after an uncomplicated vaginal birth, stable vital signs
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Vomiting bright red blood, heart rate 120/min
これが答えになる理由
Vomiting blood with a fast pulse suggests bleeding esophageal varices, which can quickly be fatal. The other findings are chronic or stable.
答え
C · Vomiting bright red blood, heart rate 120/min
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Tremor and a fast heart rate
これが答えになる理由
Salbutamol is a beta2-agonist and can cause tremor, tachycardia and palpitations. High doses can also lower serum potassium.
答え: D · Ranges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
これが答えになる理由
A reference range is usually the central 95% of results from a healthy population, so about 1 in 20 healthy people will have a value just outside it. The result is interpreted with the clinical picture and previous values, and repeated if needed.確認に用いた資料:How to Understand Your Lab Results · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Ranges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Hemoglobin 6.4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min
これが答えになる理由
Severe anemia with chest pain and tachycardia suggests the heart is not receiving enough oxygen, which needs urgent action, often including transfusion. The other results are mildly abnormal but expected or stable.確認に用いた資料:Anemia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)
答え
D · Hemoglobin 6.4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min
11.薬理学
答え: B · 高血圧クリーゼ
これが答えになる理由
腸の MAO は通常、食事中のチラミンを分解します。MAO が阻害されると、熟成チーズなどの食品のチラミンが循環に入ってノルアドレナリンを放出させ、危険な血圧上昇を起こします。
答え
B · 高血圧クリーゼ
12.薬理学
答え: C · Low TPMT activity causes toxic levels and marrow suppression
これが答えになる理由
Thiopurine methyltransferase helps inactivate azathioprine and mercaptopurine. People with low or absent TPMT activity need much lower doses or another drug to avoid life-threatening myelosuppression.
答え
C · Low TPMT activity causes toxic levels and marrow suppression
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Keep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
これが答えになる理由
Keeping the core and hands warm, wearing gloves and stopping smoking reduce attacks. Vasoconstrictors such as decongestants and nicotine make it worse. During an attack, gentle warming of the hands is advised.
答え
B · Keep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · LMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
これが答えになる理由
Low-molecular-weight heparins are mainly renally excreted, so they accumulate in severe renal impairment and increase bleeding risk. Unfractionated heparin is cleared mainly by other routes, has a short half-life and can be monitored with aPTT and reversed with protamine.
答え
A · LMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
答え: B · Start sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
これが答えになる理由
These findings suggest sepsis from a urinary source. Blood cultures, lactate, IV antibiotics within the hour, IV fluids and close monitoring of urine output are started, and senior review is requested.
答え
B · Start sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
Breastfeeding is contraindicated with most cytotoxic chemotherapy, untreated active tuberculosis, use of illicit drugs, and in an infant with galactosaemia. Mastitis and colds are not reasons to stop.
Cold causes vasoconstriction and can increase sickling, so cold packs are avoided. Warmth, hydration, effective analgesia (often including opioids) and oxygen if hypoxic are used.
答え: B · Explaining each procedure in advance and offering choices wherever possible
これが答えになる理由
Trauma-informed care assumes that many patients have trauma histories. It focuses on safety, trust, choice and collaboration, and on avoiding practices that can re-traumatise, such as unnecessary restraint.
答え
B · Explaining each procedure in advance and offering choices wherever possible
24.精神看護
答え: D · Stay calm, acknowledge her worry and offer to help her look for it
これが答えになる理由
False accusations of theft are common in dementia when items are misplaced. Acknowledging the feeling, helping to search and keeping items in regular places reduce distress.
答え
D · Stay calm, acknowledge her worry and offer to help her look for it
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 99.1 °F
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
9/5を掛ける
37.3·9/5 = 67.14
32を足す
T = 67.14 + 32 = 99.14 ≈ 99.1 °F
答え
T = 99.1 °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 13.5 mg/h
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 5 mcg/kg/min × 45 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
計算する
D = 5·45·60/1000 = 13.5 mg/h
答え
D = 13.5 mg/h
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 10 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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