How should dentures be cleaned to avoid breaking them?
AOver a sink lined with a towel or partly filled with water
BBy soaking them in very hot water to sterilise them
COver an empty, hard sink so they can be seen clearly
DWith an abrasive cleaning powder to remove stains
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
An older woman with severe arthritis has normal bladder control but wets herself because she cannot reach the toilet in time. Which type of incontinence is this?
AStress incontinence
BOverflow incontinence
CUrge incontinence
DFunctional incontinence
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
看護師が電話で口頭指示を受けました。最も安全な実践はどれですか?
A記録せずに実施する
B書き留めて、指示者に復唱して確認する
C覚えておいて、勤務の終わりに書き留める
D同僚にも一緒に聞いて覚えてもらう
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient’s WBC is 4,000/mm3, with 30% neutrophils and 5% bands. What is the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?
A1,400/mm3
B1,200/mm3
C3,500/mm3
D140/mm3
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse teaches foot care to a patient with diabetes. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will check the soles of my feet every day with a mirror.”
B“I will wear shoes that fit well, even at home.”
C“I will dry well between my toes after washing.”
D“I will soak my feet in hot water every evening.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
After a head injury, a patient passes large amounts of very dilute urine, is thirsty and has a rising serum sodium. Which condition is most likely?
ASIADH
BDiabetes insipidus
CDiabetic ketoacidosis
DAcute kidney injury with oliguria
7.臨床看護学ふつう
意識のない糖尿病患者の血糖が 2.1 mmol/L で、静脈路がありません。何を投与できますか?
A経口のブドウ糖タブレット
Bグルカゴンの筋肉注射
Cインスリンの皮下注射
D経口の果物ジュース
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Which drug group is first-line for a prolonged convulsive seizure?
ABenzodiazepines, such as buccal midazolam or IV lorazepam
BBeta-blockers, such as bisoprolol or atenolol
COpioids, such as morphine or diamorphine, given intravenously
DAntihistamines, such as chlorphenamine
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium of 5.6 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse advise the patient to limit?
AWhite rice
BCabbage
CApples
DBananas
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
2 週間前に大量の輸血を受けた患者で、HbA1c の結果が誤解を招くことがあるのはなぜですか?
AHbA1c は、あらゆる状況で正確であるため
B多くの赤血球が供血者由来の細胞で、患者のブドウ糖に曝露されていないため
C輸血は、常に HbA1c を偽高値まで上げるため
DHbA1c は、赤血球ではなく白血球上の糖を測定するため
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient uses two different eye drops at the same time of day. What should the nurse advise?
AWait at least 5 minutes between the two drops
BUse only one of them each day
CPut both drops in at exactly the same moment
DMix the drops in one bottle first
12.薬理学むずかしい
An older patient who has taken omeprazole for many years has muscle cramps, tremor and an irregular heartbeat. Which lab finding is most likely linked to the drug?
AHigh serum sodium
BLow serum glucose
CLow serum magnesium
DHigh serum calcium
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?
ADehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
BFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
CDehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours
DLow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Minutes after an IV antibiotic is started, a patient has wheeze, swollen lips, a rash and BP 78/44 mmHg. The infusion has been stopped and help called. What is the next priority?
ARestart the infusion at a slower rate
BGive a nebulised salbutamol dose only
CGive intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine)
DGive an oral antihistamine tablet and observe for an hour
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
尿崩症とSIADHを最もよく区別する尿所見はどれですか?
A尿崩症は薄い尿、SIADHは濃い尿
Bどちらの疾患も非常に濃い尿
C尿崩症は尿中のグルコース、SIADHはタンパク質
D尿崩症は濃い尿、SIADHは薄い尿
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient has erratic glucose readings. The nurse finds a soft, rubbery lump where they always inject. What is the most important teaching?
AKeep injecting into the lump, because it hurts less there
BUse healthy sites and check glucose often, as less insulin may be needed
CDouble the insulin dose because the lump blocks the insulin
DMassage the lump firmly after every injection
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
麻痺性イレウスとは何ですか?
A物理的な閉塞を伴わない腸の動きの消失
B血液供給を絶つ大腸のねじれ
C腫瘍による腸管内腔の閉塞
D発熱を伴う腸壁の感染症
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
After surgery, a patient keeps asking for analgesia before it is due, watches the clock and rates pain 8/10. What is the most appropriate interpretation?
APain may be undertreated; reassess and ask for a review of the plan
BThe patient is exaggerating, so the pain scores should be ignored for now
CThe patient is addicted and should have analgesia withheld
DThe patient needs only distraction and no change in drugs
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which factor most increases a postnatal woman's risk of venous thromboembolism?
AEarly walking after birth
BBreastfeeding
CCaesarean birth
DNormal blood loss
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 31 weeks with contractions has a negative fetal fibronectin test. What does this result mean?
ABirth will certainly occur within 48 hours
BThe fetus has an infection
CThe membranes have ruptured
DBirth within the next 1 to 2 weeks is unlikely
21.小児看護ふつう
Which factors can trigger a sickle cell crisis?
AEating a high-iron diet and taking daily multivitamins
BSleeping for long periods in a warm room
CDehydration, infection, cold and low oxygen
DDrinking plenty of water during hot weather
22.小児看護むずかしい
An infant with a large VSD now breathes faster, sweats during feeds and has gained 300 g overnight with puffy eyelids. What does this most likely indicate?
AAn allergic reaction to the new high-energy formula started yesterday
BDehydration due to sweating during feeds
CGood growth thanks to improved feeding
DWorsening heart failure with fluid retention
23.精神看護ふつう
An 80-year-old man often talks about his life and his achievements. According to Erikson, which task is he working on?
AGenerativity versus stagnation
BIntimacy versus isolation
CIdentity versus role confusion
DIntegrity versus despair
24.精神看護むずかしい
An older woman living with her son looks thin and unkempt. She says her son "looks after the money" and she is often hungry. What should the nurse do?
AAsk the son in front of her whether he is stealing her money
BTell her that she must move out of her son's home at once and stay with friends until the matter is sorted out
CIgnore it, because family finances are a private matter
DTalk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 少量の注射の投与量の計算結果は 0.46751 mL です。 この練習問題のルールは「1 mL未満の容量は、mLの小数第2位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
0.46751 mL
x = mL
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 処方箋に、経口懸濁液 12時間ごと を 1 tbsp、14 日間と書かれています。1 tbsp = 15 mL を用いて、全期間に必要な mL V はいくつですか。
1 tbsp12時間ごと14 日1 tbsp = 15 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 36 kg の子どもに、7.5 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 50 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
36 kg7.5 mg/kg50 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 3450 単位で、薬は 5000 単位/mL で供給されます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
3450 units5000 units/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
20 滴/mL の輸液セットで 1000 mL を 8 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
1000 mL8 h20 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 50 mL 中に薬を 250 mg 含み、25 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
250 mg/50 mL25 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 練習用プロトコルでは、体重 76 kg の患者にヘパリン 60 単位/kg をボーラス投与することになっています。バイアルは 5 000 単位/mL です。何 mL V 吸い上げますか? 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
60 個/kg76 kg5 000 個/mL
V = mL
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 70 kg の患者に、nitroglycerinを 10 mcg/min で投与する指示が出ています。バッグには 250 mL 中に 50 mg が含まれています。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
50 mg/250 mL10 mcg/min70 kg
R = mL/h
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 87 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
87 kg12 h尿: 150 mL尿: 250 mL創部ドレーン: 100 mL
U = mL/kg/h
34.輸液と水分出納むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 1000 mL の輸液を 08:00 に 100 mL/h で開始します。3 時間後に流量を 200 mL/h に変更し、その後は変更しません。開始から何時間後 t にバッグは空になりますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
答え: A · Over a sink lined with a towel or partly filled with water
これが答えになる理由
Cleaning over a padded or water-filled sink cushions a fall. Hot water can warp dentures, and abrasives scratch them; they are stored in a labelled denture pot.
答え
A · Over a sink lined with a towel or partly filled with water
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Functional incontinence
これが答えになる理由
Functional incontinence is caused by problems outside the urinary tract, such as poor mobility or confusion. A commode near the bed, easy clothing and regular toileting help.
ANC = 4,000 × (0.30 + 0.05) = 1,400/mm3. This is below normal (neutropenia), so the patient has a raised risk of infection.
答え
A · 1,400/mm3
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · “I will soak my feet in hot water every evening.”
これが答えになる理由
Neuropathy can stop the patient feeling heat, so hot soaks can cause burns, and long soaking dries the skin. Daily checks, careful drying and well-fitting shoes are correct.
答え
D · “I will soak my feet in hot water every evening.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Diabetes insipidus
これが答えになる理由
Damage to the pituitary or hypothalamus can stop the release of antidiuretic hormone, causing diabetes insipidus. The patient loses water, so urine is dilute and sodium rises; SIADH causes the opposite.
答え: A · Benzodiazepines, such as buccal midazolam or IV lorazepam
これが答えになる理由
Benzodiazepines enhance GABA and are first-line for seizures lasting over five minutes. If seizures continue, second-line antiepileptic drugs are given and senior help is needed.
答え
A · Benzodiazepines, such as buccal midazolam or IV lorazepam
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Bananas
これが答えになる理由
Bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, dried fruit and beans are high in potassium. Apples, white rice and cabbage are lower-potassium choices that are commonly allowed on a potassium-restricted diet.確認に用いた資料:Potassium in diet · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Chronic kidney disease · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え: A · Wait at least 5 minutes between the two drops
これが答えになる理由
Waiting several minutes allows the first drop to be absorbed before the next is applied. Eye ointments are usually applied last.
答え
A · Wait at least 5 minutes between the two drops
12.薬理学
答え: C · Low serum magnesium
これが答えになる理由
Long-term PPI use can cause hypomagnesaemia, which leads to cramps, tremor and arrhythmias. Other long-term risks include fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency and C. difficile infection.
答え
C · Low serum magnesium
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Low blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
これが答えになる理由
In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a thickened septum can obstruct the left ventricular outflow tract, and the obstruction worsens when the ventricle is underfilled. Dehydration, vasodilators and strenuous exertion can trigger symptoms or arrhythmias. It is a cause of sudden cardiac death in young people.
答え
D · Low blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Give intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine)
これが答えになる理由
Anaphylaxis is treated first with intramuscular adrenaline into the anterolateral thigh, repeated after about 5 minutes if needed. It reverses bronchospasm, vasodilation and swelling. Oxygen, IV fluids and lying the patient flat (or sitting if breathing is easier) follow. Antihistamines and steroids are not first-line.
答え: B · Use healthy sites and check glucose often, as less insulin may be needed
これが答えになる理由
Lipohypertrophy causes poor and unpredictable absorption. When the patient switches to healthy tissue, more insulin is absorbed, so hypos can occur. Glucose is monitored closely, and doses may need to be reduced.
答え
B · Use healthy sites and check glucose often, as less insulin may be needed
答え: A · Pain may be undertreated; reassess and ask for a review of the plan
これが答えになる理由
Clock-watching often reflects inadequate analgesia. The nurse reassesses pain and function, considers multimodal options, and asks the prescriber to review the plan rather than labelling the patient.
答え
A · Pain may be undertreated; reassess and ask for a review of the plan
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Caesarean birth
これが答えになる理由
Pregnancy and the postpartum period are hypercoagulable. Caesarean birth, immobility, obesity, older age and previous VTE add to the risk. Early walking and, where indicated, prophylaxis reduce it.
答え
C · Caesarean birth
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Birth within the next 1 to 2 weeks is unlikely
これが答えになる理由
Fetal fibronectin is a protein that binds the membranes to the uterine lining. A negative result has a high negative predictive value, meaning birth within 7 to 14 days is unlikely; a positive result is less predictive.
答え
D · Birth within the next 1 to 2 weeks is unlikely
21.小児看護
答え: C · Dehydration, infection, cold and low oxygen
これが答えになる理由
Low oxygen, dehydration, acidosis, cold, infection and stress promote sickling and blocked blood vessels. Families are taught to keep the child well hydrated and warm and to seek help early with fever or pain.
答え
C · Dehydration, infection, cold and low oxygen
22.小児看護
答え: D · Worsening heart failure with fluid retention
これが答えになる理由
A sudden overnight weight gain with periorbital oedema, tachypnoea and sweating suggests fluid retention from worsening heart failure. Daily weights on the same scale are a key way to monitor fluid status in these infants.
答え
D · Worsening heart failure with fluid retention
23.精神看護
答え: D · Integrity versus despair
これが答えになる理由
In later life, the task is to look back and find meaning in one's life. Reminiscence supports a sense of integrity; failure leads to regret and despair.
答え
D · Integrity versus despair
24.精神看護
答え: D · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
これが答えになる理由
Signs of financial abuse and neglect require a private conversation, careful documentation and reporting through safeguarding procedures. Confrontation could increase the risk to her.
答え
D · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
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