CA craving to take the drug for its mental effects
DNeeding a higher dose to get the same pain relief
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Vaccinating staff against influenza breaks the chain of infection at which link?
AThe portal of exit
BThe susceptible host
CThe reservoir
DThe mode of transmission
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
In the US (EPA/OSHA) hazmat system, which level of PPE gives the highest level of protection?
ALevel C
BLevel A
CLevel D
DLevel B
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient with suspected sepsis has orders for blood cultures and an IV antibiotic. What is the correct order of actions?
AGive the antibiotic first so that treatment starts, and take the cultures the next day
BGive the antibiotic and take the cultures an hour later
CWait for the culture results before starting the antibiotic
DDraw the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic without delay
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse teaches a patient to use an incentive spirometer. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will try to hold my breath for a few seconds at the top.”
B“I will blow into it as hard and fast as I can.”
C“I will breathe in slowly and deeply through the mouthpiece.”
D“I will use it several times every hour while awake.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A provider asks a nurse to perform a procedure that is outside the nurse’s scope of practice. What should the nurse do?
ADecline, explain why and suggest who can safely do it
BDo it, because the provider gave the instruction
CDo it just this once and promise the provider not to do it again
DAsk a nursing assistant to do it instead
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Why are alternate sutures sometimes removed first when taking out stitches?
ATo make the procedure faster
BTo reduce the cost of dressings
CBecause the remaining sutures dissolve on their own within a day
DTo check the wound stays closed before removing the rest
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with metastatic breast cancer is confused and constipated, with a corrected calcium of 3.3 mmol/L (about 13.2 mg/dL). What is usually the first treatment?
AOral calcium supplements and vitamin D
BA high-calcium diet
CIV fluid rehydration, followed by a bisphosphonate
DStrict fluid restriction to protect the kidneys
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?
AHemoglobin A1c
BThyroid hormones
CSerum lipase
DBlood glucose
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Ten days after chemotherapy, a patient has a platelet count of 9 × 10³/µL and reports a sudden severe headache and blurred vision. What is the priority?
AEncourage the patient to drink more fluids and check the blood pressure later
BDim the lights and encourage rest, as headaches are common after chemotherapy
CAssess neurological status and report it at once as possible brain bleeding
DGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the headache and reassess in 1 hour
11.薬理学ふつう
How should a patient take oral alendronate?
AWith milk at bedtime, then lying down straight away to aid absorption
BCrushed into yoghurt with calcium supplements
CWith breakfast and coffee to protect the stomach
DWith plain water on an empty stomach, staying upright for 30 minutes
A patient with small-cell lung cancer becomes confused. Sodium is 122 mmol/L (122 mEq/L) with concentrated urine, and there are no signs of dehydration. What is the most likely cause?
AExcess salt in the diet over several weeks
BSyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
CCranial diabetes insipidus from brain metastases
DSevere dehydration from poor oral intake
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
After a change in the levothyroxine dose, when is the TSH usually rechecked?
AAfter 3 days
BAfter about 2 years of treatment
CAfter about 6–8 weeks
DAfter 24 hours
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
看護師が4人の患者のケアをしています。最初に診るべき患者はどれですか?
Aリン吸着薬について尋ねている、CKDの患者
Bレボチロキシンの時間になっている、安定した甲状腺機能低下症の患者
C排液が透明な、腹膜透析の患者
D開頭術の後で、右の瞳孔が新たに散大して対光反応が鈍い患者
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which is a recognised risk of long-term proton pump inhibitor use?
答え: D · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief
これが答えになる理由
Tolerance is a physical adaptation in which the same dose has less effect over time. It is not the same as addiction, which involves craving and harmful use.
答え
D · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · The susceptible host
これが答えになる理由
Immunisation makes a person no longer susceptible, so the infection cannot establish itself in them. Hand hygiene, by contrast, breaks the mode of transmission.
答え
B · The susceptible host
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Level A
これが答えになる理由
Level A is a fully encapsulating, vapor-tight suit with self-contained breathing apparatus, used for unknown or highly toxic agents. Level D is ordinary work clothing with minimal protection.
答え
B · Level A
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Draw the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic without delay
これが答えになる理由
Cultures are drawn before the first antibiotic dose so the organism can still be grown and identified. The antibiotic is then given promptly, because delay increases the risk of death in sepsis.
答え
D · Draw the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic without delay
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · “I will blow into it as hard and fast as I can.”
これが答えになる理由
An incentive spirometer is used by breathing in slowly and deeply, then holding the breath briefly. Blowing into it does not expand the lungs.
答え
B · “I will blow into it as hard and fast as I can.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Decline, explain why and suggest who can safely do it
これが答えになる理由
Nurses must work within their legal scope of practice, even when asked by a provider. The nurse declines, explains the reason and helps find a suitable professional.
答え
A · Decline, explain why and suggest who can safely do it
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · To check the wound stays closed before removing the rest
これが答えになる理由
Removing alternate sutures allows the nurse to see whether the wound edges stay together. If they begin to separate, the remaining sutures can be left and the team informed.
答え
D · To check the wound stays closed before removing the rest
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · IV fluid rehydration, followed by a bisphosphonate
これが答えになる理由
Hypercalcaemia of malignancy causes dehydration, so IV fluids are given first, followed by a bisphosphonate to reduce bone resorption. Calcium, renal function and fluid balance are monitored.
答え
C · IV fluid rehydration, followed by a bisphosphonate
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
PN contains concentrated dextrose, so hyperglycemia is common, especially at the start; glucose is checked frequently and insulin may be needed. Electrolytes, including phosphate, magnesium and potassium, are also monitored for refeeding syndrome.
答え
D · Blood glucose
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Assess neurological status and report it at once as possible brain bleeding
これが答えになる理由
Platelet counts usually reach their lowest point (nadir) about 7–14 days after chemotherapy. With a count below 10 × 10³/µL, a sudden severe headache or visual change may signal intracranial bleeding, which is an emergency. The nurse assesses neurological status and reports it immediately.確認に用いた資料:Bleeding and Bruising (Thrombocytopenia) and Cancer Treatment · National Cancer Institute (NIH) (2022); Pancytopenia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
C · Assess neurological status and report it at once as possible brain bleeding
11.薬理学
答え: D · With plain water on an empty stomach, staying upright for 30 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Alendronate is taken first thing in the morning with water only, before food or other drugs. Staying upright reduces the risk of oesophageal ulceration, and food or calcium blocks its absorption.
答え
D · With plain water on an empty stomach, staying upright for 30 minutes
Small-cell lung cancer can secrete ADH, causing water retention and dilutional hyponatraemia (normal sodium about 135–145 mmol/L). Urine is inappropriately concentrated and the patient is not dry. Fluid restriction and treating the cancer are the main measures; sodium is corrected slowly to avoid osmotic demyelination.
答え
B · Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · After about 6–8 weeks
これが答えになる理由
Levothyroxine has a half-life of about a week, so it takes several weeks to reach a new steady state. TSH is usually rechecked about 6–8 weeks after a dose change.
Long-term PPIs are linked with low magnesium, C. difficile infection, fractures and B12 deficiency. The need for continuing treatment should be reviewed regularly.
Frequency is measured from the start of one contraction to the start of the next (4 minutes), and duration from the start to the end of the same contraction (60 seconds). The 3 minutes between contractions is the resting interval.
答え
C · Every 4 minutes, lasting 60 seconds
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Coagulopathy from loss of clotting factors
これが答えになる理由
Massive haemorrhage and transfusion of red cells can deplete clotting factors and platelets, leading to further bleeding. Massive transfusion protocols include plasma, platelets and sometimes fibrinogen.
Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis is a life-threatening complication with fever, explosive foul-smelling diarrhoea and distension. It can progress to sepsis and needs urgent medical treatment.
答え
C · Enterocolitis, an emergency
23.精神看護
答え: D · "The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
これが答えになる理由
A SMART goal states exactly what the patient will do, how much and by when, so that progress can be evaluated. Vague goals cannot be measured.
答え
D · "The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
24.精神看護
答え: C · "After a few months I can stop having blood tests."
これが答えになる理由
Blood count monitoring is most frequent in the first months of clozapine treatment but continues throughout treatment, because agranulocytosis can occur at any time.
答え
C · "After a few months I can stop having blood tests."
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
体表面積
BSA = √(131·35/3600) = √1.274 = 1.129 m²
投与量
D = 75·1.129 = 84.64 mg
答え
D = 84.64 mg
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 50 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
1 分あたりのミリリットル
50/60 = 0.8333 mL/min
滴下速度
R = 0.8333·60 = 50 gtt/min
答え
R = 50 gtt/min
微量用セット(60 滴/mL)では、滴/分は mL/h に等しくなります。
30.点滴速度
答え: D = 5 mcg/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。