安定した成人に腹痛があり、バイタルサインは正常です。血液検査と CT 検査が必要になります。どの ESI レベルが当てはまりますか?
Aレベル 1
Bレベル 5
Cレベル 4
Dレベル 3
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient in labor is receiving oxytocin, and the fetal monitor shows repeated late decelerations. What should the nurse do first?
AStop the oxytocin infusion
BEncourage the patient to start pushing
CIncrease the oxytocin rate
DPlace the patient flat on her back
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient on the ward has shingles with open blisters. Which people are most at risk from contact?
APeople who have already had chickenpox in childhood and are now healthy
BOnly people over 80 who have already had shingles themselves
CNo one, because shingles cannot spread
DPregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Why must blood samples for a cross-match be labelled at the bedside immediately after they are taken?
ATo let the patient sign the label
BTo speed up the laboratory's computer system and reduce the waiting time
CTo prevent "wrong blood in tube" errors that can cause fatal reactions
DTo keep the sample warm so the cells do not break down in transit
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
After surgery for colon cancer, a patient's CEA had fallen to normal, but it has been rising over the last two checks. What does this most likely suggest?
AA normal change after surgery that needs no follow-up
BPossible recurrence that needs further assessment
CA sure sign that the cancer has been fully cured
DA sign of iron deficiency from the earlier bleeding
答え: A · Move the stick and the left leg forward together, then the right leg
これが答えになる理由
The stick and the weak leg move together so the stick takes part of the load, then the strong leg steps through.
答え
A · Move the stick and the left leg forward together, then the right leg
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · An infection or significant inflammation
これが答えになる理由
A raised white cell count with fever usually means the body is fighting an infection or major inflammation. The nurse reports it and looks for the source, including sepsis.
答え
A · An infection or significant inflammation
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · On clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle, close to the surgical site
これが答えになる理由
The pad returns the current safely. Good contact over a well-perfused muscle prevents burns, while bony areas, scars, hair and moisture reduce contact and can cause burns at the pad site.
答え
B · On clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle, close to the surgical site
Late decelerations point to reduced blood flow through the placenta. Stopping oxytocin reduces contractions; the nurse then turns the patient onto her side, gives IV fluids as prescribed and informs the provider.
答え
A · Stop the oxytocin infusion
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Pregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
これが答えになる理由
Someone who has never had chickenpox can catch chickenpox from contact with shingles blisters. Non-immune pregnant and immunocompromised people are at particular risk, so lesions are covered and precautions followed.
答え
D · Pregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · To prevent "wrong blood in tube" errors that can cause fatal reactions
これが答えになる理由
A sample labelled with the wrong patient's details can lead to incompatible blood being issued. Labelling at the bedside after positive identification is a key transfusion safety step.
答え
C · To prevent "wrong blood in tube" errors that can cause fatal reactions
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Possible recurrence that needs further assessment
これが答えになる理由
CEA is not specific enough for screening, but a rising level after successful treatment can signal recurrence, so imaging and further assessment are usually arranged. Smoking and some benign conditions can also raise CEA.確認に用いた資料:CEA Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
B · Possible recurrence that needs further assessment
Beta blockers can make anaphylaxis more severe and resistant to adrenaline. Glucagon acts through its own receptor to increase heart rate and contractility, bypassing the blocked beta receptors.
答え
D · Glucagon
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Below 0.5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
これが答えになる理由
A urine output below about 0.5 mL/kg/h (35 mL/h for 70 kg) for several hours is oliguria and may indicate hypovolaemia, shock or acute kidney injury. It should be reported along with the other observations, and the catheter checked for blockage.
答え
B · Below 0.5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Vasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
これが答えになる理由
In severe aortic stenosis, cardiac output is fixed by the narrow valve. Vasodilators lower preload and afterload, and the heart cannot compensate, so the blood pressure can fall sharply and cause syncope. They are used with care and close monitoring.
答え
D · Vasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · An oral anticoagulant
これが答えになる理由
In AF the main cause of stroke is a clot from the left atrium. Oral anticoagulants such as a DOAC or warfarin prevent this far better than antiplatelets. The start date after a stroke depends on its size and bleeding risk.
答え
D · An oral anticoagulant
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · The cerebral perfusion pressure is 55 mmHg, below the usual target
これが答えになる理由
CPP = MAP − ICP, so 80 − 25 = 55 mmHg. A CPP below about 60 mmHg risks brain ischaemia. The team will act to lower the ICP and support the MAP.
答え
C · The cerebral perfusion pressure is 55 mmHg, below the usual target
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · So that carriers can be decolonised to reduce infection
これが答えになる理由
MRSA carriers have a higher risk of surgical site infection. Screening allows decolonisation with nasal ointment and skin washes, and the right antibiotic prophylaxis.
答え
A · So that carriers can be decolonised to reduce infection
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · "I'll rub the area afterwards to spread the medicine."
これが答えになる理由
Rubbing the site after LMWH increases bruising and is avoided. Rotating sites, reporting bleeding and safe sharps disposal are correct.
答え
C · "I'll rub the area afterwards to spread the medicine."
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Turn the baby often and monitor hydration
これが答えになる理由
The baby is undressed except for a small nappy, eyes are shielded, position is changed and temperature and hydration are monitored. Frequent feeds help excrete bilirubin through stools.
答え
C · Turn the baby often and monitor hydration
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · It can still develop after birth, so report headache or visual changes
これが答えになる理由
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia can occur up to about 6 weeks after birth, most often in the first days. Women should report severe headache, visual disturbance, upper abdominal pain or shortness of breath.
答え
D · It can still develop after birth, so report headache or visual changes
21.小児看護
答え: C · Wear it for the prescribed hours each day, with a thin cotton shirt underneath
これが答えになる理由
A brace can slow curve progression during growth only if it is worn for the prescribed time, often most of the day and night. A thin, seamless cotton layer protects the skin, which is checked daily for redness.
答え
C · Wear it for the prescribed hours each day, with a thin cotton shirt underneath
22.小児看護
答え: D · A strong Moro reflex is still present
これが答えになる理由
Primitive reflexes such as the Moro fade by about 4–6 months; persistence at 12 months can suggest a neurological problem such as cerebral palsy. The other findings are normal for a 1-year-old.
答え
D · A strong Moro reflex is still present
23.精神看護
答え: C · Recall of three words and a clock-drawing task
これが答えになる理由
The Mini-Cog combines a three-word recall with drawing a clock face. It is a quick screen; an abnormal result needs a fuller assessment.
答え
C · Recall of three words and a clock-drawing task
24.精神看護
答え: B · Assess and treat her physical injuries, then offer forensic examination with her consent
これが答えになる理由
Medical care for injuries comes first. Forensic examination is offered, explained and carried out only with consent, and the nurse supports the survivor's control over each step.
答え
B · Assess and treat her physical injuries, then offer forensic examination with her consent
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
変換
Hb = 179 g/L × (1 L/10 dL) = 17.9 g/dL
答え
Hb = 17.9 g/dL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 3 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
濃度
5% = 50 mg/mL
体積
V = 150/50 = 3 mL
答え
V = 3 mL
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 14 mL
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
体重から求めた投与量
20·28 = 560 mg
体積
V = (560/40)·1 = 14 mL
答え
V = 14 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 100 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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