Why must a respirator such as an FFP3 or N95 mask be fit-tested?
AIt only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face
BFit-testing checks whether the patient is still infectious
CFit-testing makes the mask reusable for a week
DIt must be tested to check it is the right colour
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A colleague asks the nurse to countersign the controlled drug register for a dose the nurse did not see being prepared or given. What should the nurse do?
ASign, as the colleague is trustworthy
BSign, but only if the colleague is senior
CRefuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
DSign it later, at the end of the shift, once the colleague explains
Why are people with diabetes advised to have regular eye screening?
ATo check whether they need reading glasses for close work
BTo detect diabetic retinopathy early, before sight is lost
CTo prevent conjunctivitis
DTo measure their blood glucose through the eye
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A nurse is teaching a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will tell my dentist that I take warfarin."
B"I will report black stools or unusual bruising."
C"I can take aspirin if I get a headache."
D"I will keep my INR blood test appointments."
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?
ACollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning
BHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
CSave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night
DSave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?
AAnemia of chronic disease
BAcute viral hepatitis A
CHereditary hemochromatosis
DIron-deficiency anemia
11.薬理学ふつう
Which group of effects would the nurse expect after a dose of an anticholinergic drug such as atropine?
ABronchial secretions, wheeze and tearing of the eyes
BDry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
CHeavy salivation, slow heart rate and small pupils
A woman with hypertension who takes lisinopril says she is planning a pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?
AStop all blood pressure treatment straight away without telling anyone
BContinue lisinopril, as it is the safest blood pressure drug in pregnancy
CDouble the dose to protect the baby from high blood pressure
DDiscuss switching medicine with the prescriber before trying to conceive
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
An older ex-smoker has a dry cough and worsening breathlessness over a year, finger clubbing and fine "Velcro-like" crackles at both bases at the end of inspiration. Which condition is most likely?
AAn acute asthma attack
BCommunity-acquired pneumonia
CIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
DSpontaneous pneumothorax
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient has just started haemodialysis. What usually happens to their protein needs?
AProtein must be replaced only by IV infusion
BThey fall to almost zero to rest the kidneys
CThey increase, because dialysis removes amino acids
DThey stay exactly the same as they were before dialysis
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
During haemodialysis, a patient suddenly becomes breathless with chest pain, and air is seen in the line. What should the nurse do first?
ASpeed up the pump to clear the air into the patient
BSit the patient upright and give a drink of water
CClamp the lines and lay the patient left side down, head low
DContinue the session and recheck in 30 minutes
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?
ATeaching the patient about high-output risks
BDeciding whether IV fluids are needed
CEmptying the pouch and measuring the output
DAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
術後のオピオイドPCAで、呼吸抑制のリスクが最も高い患者はどれですか?
A何か月も定期的にオピオイドを使っている若い患者
Bほかに内科的問題がなく、パラセタモールを投与されている患者
C痛みスコアが8/10で、完全に目覚めて覚醒している患者
D睡眠時無呼吸があり、鎮静薬も服用しているオピオイド未使用の高齢患者
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which measure helps prevent infant abduction from a maternity unit?
ALetting any visitor carry the baby in the corridor
BLeaving babies in the nursery overnight
CPosting the baby's name and room on the door
DChecking staff ID before handing over a baby
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman 2 hours after birth asks for help to the bathroom. She had an epidural that is now off. What is the main safety concern?
ALeg weakness or numbness causing a fall
BIncreased lochia from walking
CReopening of the epidural site
DFainting from low blood glucose only
21.小児看護ふつう
A child with ITP has a low platelet count. Which advice is correct?
APlay rugby and football as normal to stay active
BUse a hard toothbrush and floss firmly to keep the gums healthy
CTake aspirin for any pain to thin the blood
DAvoid contact sports and medicines such as ibuprofen and aspirin
22.小児看護むずかしい
A 10-year-old has vomiting, abdominal pain, deep rapid breathing and a fruity smell on the breath. His blood glucose is very high. What is the most likely diagnosis?
AAcute asthma attack with hyperventilation
BDiabetic ketoacidosis
CAppendicitis
DGastroenteritis
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient taking phenelzine, an MAOI, is being taught before discharge. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I can take any cold and flu remedy from the pharmacy."
B"I'll avoid aged cheese and cured meats."
C"A sudden severe headache is a reason to get help straight away."
D"I'll tell any new doctor or dentist that I take an MAOI."
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient's mood changes several times a day, usually after conflicts with others. She has chronic feelings of emptiness and a strong fear of being abandoned. Which diagnosis is most likely?
APersistent depressive disorder
BBorderline personality disorder
CSchizoid personality disorder with low mood
DBipolar I disorder
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 注射の投与量の計算結果は 14.7166 mL です。 この練習問題のルールは「1 mL以上の容量は、mLの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
14.7166 mL
x = mL
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 維持輸液が 120 mL/h で休みなく続いています。24時間で何リットル V を投与しますか。
120 mL/h24 h
V = L
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 16 kg の子どもに、5 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 25 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
16 kg5 mg/kg25 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
処方は 1260 マイクログラムです。アンプルは 2 mg/mL を含みます。1 mL の注射器に用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
1260 mcg2 mg/mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
15 滴/mL の輸液セットで 250 mL を 2 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
250 mL2 h15 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
500 mL を 6 時間で投与するよう指示されています。2 時間後、バッグにまだ 430 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 元のポンプ速度を何パーセント Δ 上げる必要がありますか?
500 mL / 6 h経過時間 2 h: 430 mL
Δ = %
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 輸液には 100 mL 中に速効型インスリン 100 単位が含まれています。指示は 10 単位/h です。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
100 個/100 mL10 個/h
R = mL/h
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 バッグには dopamine 400 mg が 250 mL 中に含まれています。体重 57 kg の患者に 12 mcg/kg/min の指示が出ています。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
400 mg/250 mL12 mcg/kg/min57 kg
R = mL/h
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。
答え: A · It only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face
これが答えになる理由
A respirator filters tiny airborne particles only if air passes through the filter, not around a gap. Fit-testing and a fit-check every time it is worn make sure it seals.
答え
A · It only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Refuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
これが答えになる理由
Countersigning means confirming that you witnessed the check and administration. Signing for something you did not see is dishonest and removes an important safety check.
答え
C · Refuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
答え: B · To detect diabetic retinopathy early, before sight is lost
これが答えになる理由
Diabetic retinopathy often has no symptoms until it is advanced. Screening allows early treatment that can prevent blindness.
答え
B · To detect diabetic retinopathy early, before sight is lost
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · "I can take aspirin if I get a headache."
これが答えになる理由
Aspirin and other NSAIDs increase the bleeding risk with warfarin, so patients should ask before taking any new medicine. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is usually the safer choice for simple pain.
答え
C · "I can take aspirin if I get a headache."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Have the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
これが答えになる理由
The collection starts with an empty bladder, so the first void is discarded and the time recorded. All urine for the next 24 hours is saved, including a final void at the end time. If urine is discarded by mistake, the collection usually has to restart.確認に用いた資料:Urine 24-hour volume · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Have the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Hereditary hemochromatosis
これが答えになる理由
Hemochromatosis is an inherited disorder of increased iron absorption. Iron is deposited in the liver, pancreas, joints, heart and skin. A high transferrin saturation with a high ferritin suggests the diagnosis, and treatment is regular venesection (phlebotomy).確認に用いた資料:Hemochromatosis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Hereditary hemochromatosis
11.薬理学
答え: B · Dry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
これが答えになる理由
Anticholinergic drugs block muscarinic receptors, so parasympathetic effects are reduced. This gives dry mouth, tachycardia, dilated pupils, constipation and urinary retention.
答え
B · Dry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
答え: D · Discuss switching medicine with the prescriber before trying to conceive
これが答えになる理由
ACE inhibitors and ARBs are contraindicated in pregnancy because they can damage fetal kidneys and cause other harm. Women of childbearing age should be counselled and switched to a suitable alternative, such as labetalol or nifedipine, before conception or as soon as pregnancy is confirmed.
答え
D · Discuss switching medicine with the prescriber before trying to conceive
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
これが答えになる理由
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis causes progressive breathlessness, a dry cough, clubbing and fine end-inspiratory crackles. Spirometry shows a restrictive pattern and CT shows fibrosis. Treatment includes antifibrotic drugs, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen and palliative care.
答え
C · Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · They increase, because dialysis removes amino acids
これが答えになる理由
Before dialysis, a moderate protein intake may be advised. Dialysis removes amino acids and protein, so needs rise, and malnutrition is a common risk. A renal dietitian sets individual targets.
答え
C · They increase, because dialysis removes amino acids
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Clamp the lines and lay the patient left side down, head low
これが答えになる理由
In suspected air embolism, the blood lines are clamped at once, the pump stopped, and the patient positioned on the left side with the head down to trap air in the right atrium. Oxygen is given and emergency help called.
答え
C · Clamp the lines and lay the patient left side down, head low
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Emptying the pouch and measuring the output
これが答えになる理由
Emptying and measuring output is a routine task. Assessment of the stoma, teaching and decisions about treatment remain with the registered nurse, who reviews the recorded output.
答え: D · Checking staff ID before handing over a baby
これが答えになる理由
Matching ID bands, checking staff identification and teaching parents to hand their baby only to identified staff are key. Information about the baby should not be displayed publicly.
答え
D · Checking staff ID before handing over a baby
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Leg weakness or numbness causing a fall
これが答えになる理由
After an epidural, the nurse checks that leg sensation and strength have returned before she stands. Combined with orthostatic hypotension and blood loss, this makes the first walk a high fall risk.
答え
A · Leg weakness or numbness causing a fall
21.小児看護
答え: D · Avoid contact sports and medicines such as ibuprofen and aspirin
これが答えになる理由
While platelets are low, the child should avoid contact sports and activities with a high risk of head injury, and avoid NSAIDs and aspirin, which impair platelet function. A soft toothbrush is used, and parents report any heavy bleeding.
答え
D · Avoid contact sports and medicines such as ibuprofen and aspirin
22.小児看護
答え: B · Diabetic ketoacidosis
これが答えになる理由
Without insulin the body burns fat, producing ketones that cause metabolic acidosis. Deep, rapid (Kussmaul) breathing, a fruity breath smell, vomiting and abdominal pain with high glucose point to DKA, an emergency.
答え
B · Diabetic ketoacidosis
23.精神看護
答え: A · "I can take any cold and flu remedy from the pharmacy."
これが答えになる理由
Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine are sympathomimetics and can cause a hypertensive crisis with MAOIs. Patients should check any new medicine, including over-the-counter remedies, with a pharmacist or prescriber.
答え
A · "I can take any cold and flu remedy from the pharmacy."
24.精神看護
答え: B · Borderline personality disorder
これが答えになる理由
In borderline personality disorder, mood shifts are short-lived, often hours, and are usually triggered by interpersonal events. Bipolar episodes last days to weeks and are not mainly reactive to relationships.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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