A patient with depression has suddenly become calm and is giving away personal possessions. What does this suggest?
AThat the patient is now ready for discharge today
BThat the depression has resolved and observation can be reduced
CA possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
DThat the patient wants to make new friends on the unit
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
An older patient becomes confused over a few hours, with attention that comes and goes. What does this suggest?
AA personality change that is permanent and expected
BNormal aging that needs no action
CLong-standing dementia that is expected
DDelirium, which needs the cause found quickly
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with a severe asthma attack had a PaCO₂ of 32 mmHg (4.3 kPa) on arrival. An hour later it is 46 mmHg (6.1 kPa), and the patient seems tired. What does this suggest?
ARespiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
BThe asthma is improving, because the PaCO₂ is now near normal
CThe patient is hyperventilating even more than before and needs calming
DA laboratory error that should be ignored
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which advice should be given to a patient with a new permanent pacemaker?
AAvoid using all household electrical appliances such as kettles
BTell staff about the pacemaker before any MRI scan or procedure
CStop all heart medicines straight away
DNever raise the arm on that side again
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
After a high spinal cord injury, a patient has low blood pressure with a slow heart rate and warm, dry skin. What is most likely?
AHypovolaemic shock
BSeptic shock
CCardiac tamponade
DNeurogenic shock
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
Why must vitamin B12 deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?
AFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B12 from the diet
BFolic acid makes B12 deficiency anemia much worse within a few days
CFolic acid can fix the anemia while B12-related nerve damage continues
DFolic acid causes iron overload when B12 levels are low
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient's potassium is 7.2 mEq/L, and the monitor shows wide QRS complexes. Several treatments are prescribed. Which should be given first?
AAn oral potassium binder dose
BIV furosemide (a loop diuretic)
CUrgent hemodialysis session
DIV calcium gluconate (or chloride)
11.薬理学ふつう
How can the absorption of oral iron be improved?
ATake it with a glass of milk
BTake it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach
CTake it with a cup of strong tea
DTake it at the same time as an antacid to protect the stomach
Which exercise advice is recommended for intermittent claudication?
AWalking only on days when the legs feel warm and painless
BStopping walking at the very first twinge of pain each time
CSupervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat
DComplete bed rest until the leg pain has gone for at least a month
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient on spironolactone and an ACE inhibitor has a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L (6.8 mEq/L) with peaked T waves. What is usually given first to protect the heart?
AAn IV furosemide bolus as the only treatment
BOral potassium supplements
CIntravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
DA dose of digoxin
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
腹膜透析液は、使用前にどのように温めますか?
A専用の乾熱式ウォーマーで
B電子レンジで
C冷蔵庫から出して冷たいまま使う
D熱い水道水を張ったボウルで
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches a carer to give buccal midazolam for prolonged seizures. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will call an ambulance if the care plan tells me to."
B"I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
C"I will give it into the space between his gum and cheek."
D"I will write down the time the seizure started and the time I gave the dose."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
麻痺性イレウスとは何ですか?
A血液供給を絶つ大腸のねじれ
B物理的な閉塞を伴わない腸の動きの消失
C発熱を伴う腸壁の感染症
D腫瘍による腸管内腔の閉塞
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
On day 5 after hip surgery, a patient suddenly becomes breathless, with sharp chest pain on breathing in, a pulse of 120/min and SpO₂ 89%. What should the nurse suspect and do first?
AAnxiety; give reassurance and repeat the observations in an hour's time
BSimple atelectasis; encourage walking around the ward
CPulmonary embolism; sit up, give oxygen and call for urgent help
DWound infection; take a wound swab and wait for results
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman at 37 weeks is GBS-positive. When should she receive antibiotics?
AOnly to the baby after birth
BNot at all, because GBS is normal flora
COrally at 37 weeks only
DIntravenously during labour
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman with a previous caesarean is having a trial of labour. Which induction agent should the nurse question?
AA balloon catheter
BAmniotomy
COxytocin used per protocol
DMisoprostol
21.小児看護ふつう
Why is hearing screening done in the newborn period?
AEarly detection allows support that protects language development
BTo check whether the baby will need glasses later in childhood
CTo diagnose ear infections before discharge
DBecause hearing loss always causes balance problems
22.小児看護むずかしい
A family with a 2-year-old has a swimming pool in the garden. Which measure gives the most protection against drowning?
ASwimming lessons from age 2, so that close supervision is no longer needed
BExplaining to the child that the pool is dangerous
CArm floats whenever the child is near the pool
DA four-sided fence with a self-closing, self-latching gate, plus constant supervision
23.精神看護ふつう
Which group of signs suggests drug-induced pseudoparkinsonism in a patient taking haloperidol?
ARestless pacing and an inability to sit still
BLip smacking, tongue thrusting and grimacing after years of treatment
CShuffling gait, mask-like face, rigidity and a resting tremor
DSudden muscle spasm of the neck with the eyes rolled upwards
答え: C · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
これが答えになる理由
A sudden improvement in mood with giving away belongings can mean the person has made a plan. The nurse assesses suicide risk directly, increases observation and informs the team.
答え
C · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Delirium, which needs the cause found quickly
これが答えになる理由
Delirium starts suddenly, over hours or days, and attention fluctuates. It often has a treatable cause such as infection, hypoxia or medication, so it is a priority to assess.
答え
D · Delirium, which needs the cause found quickly
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Respiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
これが答えになる理由
Early in an asthma attack, fast breathing lowers the PaCO₂. A rising, “normal” value in a tiring patient means they can no longer move enough air, which is a warning sign of respiratory failure.
答え
A · Respiratory muscle fatigue with possible impending respiratory failure
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Tell staff about the pacemaker before any MRI scan or procedure
これが答えになる理由
Patients carry a device card and tell staff before MRI, surgery with diathermy or similar procedures. Arm movement on the pacemaker side is limited only for a short period after insertion.
答え
B · Tell staff about the pacemaker before any MRI scan or procedure
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · Neurogenic shock
これが答えになる理由
Neurogenic shock from cervical or high thoracic injury causes vasodilation and bradycardia because sympathetic outflow is lost. Hypovolaemic shock usually causes tachycardia and cool, pale skin.
答え
D · Neurogenic shock
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Folic acid can fix the anemia while B12-related nerve damage continues
これが答えになる理由
Folic acid can improve the blood picture in B12 deficiency but does not prevent nerve damage. Giving folate alone can therefore mask the deficiency while neurological damage progresses. Both levels are checked before treatment.
答え
C · Folic acid can fix the anemia while B12-related nerve damage continues
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · IV calcium gluconate (or chloride)
これが答えになる理由
With ECG changes, IV calcium is given first to stabilize the cardiac membrane within minutes. It does not lower potassium, so insulin with glucose (and sometimes albuterol/salbutamol) follows to shift potassium into cells, then binders, diuretics or dialysis remove it.確認に用いた資料:High potassium level - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · IV calcium gluconate (or chloride)
11.薬理学
答え: B · Take it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach
これが答えになる理由
Vitamin C keeps iron in its more absorbable ferrous form. Milk, antacids, tea and some antibiotics reduce iron absorption. If the stomach becomes upset, it may be taken with food, accepting lower absorption.
答え
B · Take it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach
答え: C · Supervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat
これが答えになる理由
Supervised exercise programmes, walking to near-maximal claudication pain, resting and repeating for about 30 minutes several times a week, improve walking distance. With smoking cessation, an antiplatelet and a statin, this is first-line management.
答え
C · Supervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Intravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
これが答えになる理由
Severe hyperkalaemia with ECG changes is an emergency. IV calcium stabilises the myocardium within minutes. Insulin with glucose and nebulised salbutamol shift potassium into cells, and the cause (here spironolactone and the ACE inhibitor) is stopped. Cardiac monitoring is essential.
答え: B · "I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
これが答えになる理由
Nothing should ever be put between the teeth during a seizure. Buccal midazolam is given between the gum and cheek, so the mouth does not need to be forced open. Timing the seizure and following the emergency care plan are correct.
答え
B · "I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
答え: C · Pulmonary embolism; sit up, give oxygen and call for urgent help
これが答えになる理由
Sudden pleuritic chest pain, breathlessness, tachycardia and hypoxia after surgery strongly suggest PE. The nurse supports breathing with oxygen, escalates urgently and prepares for investigations and anticoagulation.
答え
C · Pulmonary embolism; sit up, give oxygen and call for urgent help
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Intravenously during labour
これが答えになる理由
Oral antibiotics before labour do not prevent recolonisation. IV antibiotics in labour, given ideally at least 4 hours before birth, greatly reduce early-onset GBS disease in the newborn.
答え
D · Intravenously during labour
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Misoprostol
これが答えになる理由
Misoprostol is avoided in women with a uterine scar because of a high risk of uterine rupture. Mechanical methods, amniotomy and carefully monitored oxytocin may be used.
答え
D · Misoprostol
21.小児看護
答え: A · Early detection allows support that protects language development
これが答えになる理由
Permanent hearing loss is often not obvious in babies. Screening allows diagnosis and support, such as hearing aids, within the first months, which greatly improves speech and language outcomes.
答え
A · Early detection allows support that protects language development
22.小児看護
答え: D · A four-sided fence with a self-closing, self-latching gate, plus constant supervision
これが答えになる理由
Isolation fencing that fully separates the pool from the house and garden, combined with active adult supervision, is the most effective protection. Flotation aids and lessons do not replace supervision, and toddlers cannot reliably follow safety rules.
答え
D · A four-sided fence with a self-closing, self-latching gate, plus constant supervision
23.精神看護
答え: C · Shuffling gait, mask-like face, rigidity and a resting tremor
これが答えになる理由
Blocking dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway can cause parkinsonian signs: bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and a shuffling gait. The other options describe akathisia, acute dystonia and tardive dyskinesia.
答え
C · Shuffling gait, mask-like face, rigidity and a resting tremor
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