A patient has heart failure. Which instruction about daily weights is best to give the nursing assistant?
A“Weigh him at any time today, on whichever scale is free.”
B“Only weigh him if his ankles look more swollen than they did yesterday afternoon.”
C“Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
D“Weigh him after lunch, fully dressed, with his shoes on.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient was knocked out briefly in a fall, then woke and talked normally. Two hours later the patient becomes drowsy and one pupil is larger. What is the most likely cause?
ANormal tiredness after a fall
BAn epidural hematoma
CA mild concussion that is settling
DLow blood sugar from missing a meal
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with pneumonia is breathless and coughing up thick sputum. Which nursing measure helps most with breathing?
ASitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
BRestricting all oral fluids
CLying the patient flat so that they can rest and conserve energy
DDiscouraging coughing to save energy
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
重い高カリウム血症に古典的にみられる心電図変化は?
A目立つ U 波
BPR 間隔の短縮
CST 低下だけ
D高く尖った T 波
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
慢性腎臓病の患者に、貧血が多いのはなぜですか?
A傷んだ腎臓が、赤血球を濾過して破壊するため
B尿毒症性の毒素により、骨髄が赤血球ではなく白血球を作るようになるため
C腎臓が、赤血球の産生を促すエリスロポエチンをあまり作らなくなるため
D腎疾患での高カリウムが、赤血球を壊すため
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A woman with preeclampsia is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Her urine output has fallen and her creatinine is rising. Why is this a concern?
AMagnesium causes potassium loss, so the kidneys release more fluid
BMagnesium is broken down by the liver, so it will stop working soon
CMagnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
DPoor kidney function makes the magnesium level fall quickly
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient with suspected sepsis has blood cultures ordered and a first antibiotic dose due. What should the nurse do?
ATake the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
BGive the antibiotic only if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F)
CGive the antibiotic first, then take blood cultures the next day
DWait for the culture results before giving any antibiotic
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient receives high-dose IV aciclovir for herpes encephalitis. Which nursing action reduces the main risk to the kidneys?
AGive the infusion as a rapid push
BKeep the patient well hydrated and give the infusion slowly
CGive a loop diuretic before each dose
DRestrict oral and IV fluids to prevent brain swelling
A patient with diabetes insipidus after head trauma needs hourly urine output measurement. Which task can be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?
AMeasuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount
BDeciding whether to give the next desmopressin dose
CInterpreting the serum sodium results
DAssessing the patient's level of consciousness
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
A patient on enteral feeding develops diarrhoea. What should the nurse review first?
AThe colour of the feeding bag label
BThe patient's eye drops and skin creams
CThe medicine chart, including laxatives and antibiotics
DThe patient's mobility aids and walking distance
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Which preoperative task can a registered nurse usually delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?
ATeaching the patient how to use a PCA pump
BRecording baseline vital signs
CDeciding whether abnormal results need reporting
DAssessing the patient's understanding of the surgery
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which measure helps prevent infant abduction from a maternity unit?
AChecking staff ID before handing over a baby
BLetting any visitor carry the baby in the corridor
CPosting the baby's name and room on the door
DLeaving babies in the nursery overnight
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 30 weeks is in a minor car accident. She feels fine and has no bleeding. What should the nurse advise?
AStay at home because there is no bleeding
BCome in only if she bleeds within a week
CCome in for fetal monitoring even without symptoms
DTake a warm bath and rest
21.小児看護ふつう
Which instruction about giving oral liquid iron to a child is correct?
AGive it together with an antacid to protect the stomach
BGive it mixed in a full bottle of milk to reduce stomach upset
CGive it with a syringe or straw towards the back of the mouth; dark stools are expected
DStop the iron straight away if the stools turn dark green or black, as this means bleeding
22.小児看護むずかしい
Which child is most appropriate to assign to a practical (enrolled) nurse?
AAn infant with bronchiolitis who needs more and more oxygen
BA 7-year-old 2 days after an appendicectomy, stable on oral analgesia
CA 5-year-old just back from tonsillectomy who keeps swallowing
DA 9-year-old newly admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis on an insulin infusion
23.精神看護ふつう
A man with an intellectual disability is becoming irritable. Staff say it is "just his learning disability". What is this an example of?
ATransference
BDiagnostic overshadowing
CSplitting by the patient
DPositive reinforcement
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient says, "I'm such a failure. My wife left me and I lost my job." The nurse answers, "Don't worry, things will get better soon." What is wrong with this response?
AIt is false reassurance that dismisses the patient's feelings
BIt uses the technique of presenting reality wrongly
CIt explores the problem too deeply too early
DIt is too direct and confronting
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の体温は 38.6 °C です。°F = °C × 9/5 + 32 を使って華氏 T に換算してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
38.6 °C
T = °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 3 カップ / お茶, 8 fl oz / ジュース, 3 tsp / 咳止めシロップ を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
アドレナリン(エピネフリン)のプレフィルドシリンジに 1:10 000(0.1 mg/mL)と表示されています。指示は心停止に対する 1 mg の静注(IV)です。投与する量 V はいくらですか?
1:10 0001 mg
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
50%(w/v)の原液から 2%(w/v)の溶液を 1000 mL 調製する必要があります。 原液は何 mL V₁ 必要ですか?
C₁ = 50%C₂ = 2%V₂ = 1000 mL
V₁ = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
10 滴/mL の輸液セットで 250 mL を 3 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
250 mL3 h10 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 100 mL 中に薬を 250 mg 含み、5 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
250 mg/100 mL5 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 バッグには 250 mL 中にヘパリン 25 000 単位が含まれています。体重 52 kg の患者に 20 単位/kg/h の指示が出ています。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
25 000 個/250 mL20 個/kg/h52 kg
R = mL/h
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 バッグには dopamine 400 mg が 250 mL 中に含まれています。体重 54 kg の患者に 2 mcg/kg/min の指示が出ています。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
400 mg/250 mL2 mcg/kg/min54 kg
R = mL/h
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。 氷片は体積の半分として数えます。
答え: D · The tubing for kinks or blockage and where the bag is
これが答えになる理由
Kinked or trapped tubing, a bag above bladder level or a blocked catheter are common causes. If these are fine, the patient is assessed for low output and the doctor informed.
答え
D · The tubing for kinks or blockage and where the bag is
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · プラス 600 mL
これが答えになる理由
2400 − 1800 = +600 mL で、プラスバランスです。汗や呼吸などの不感蒸泄は測定されないため、実際の出納は表に示されるより少なくなります。
答え: C · “Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
これが答えになる理由
Daily weights are measured at the same time, on the same scale and in similar clothing so that changes show real fluid gain. A quick rise in weight can be an early sign of worsening heart failure.
答え
C · “Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · An epidural hematoma
これが答えになる理由
An epidural hematoma often causes a brief loss of consciousness, a lucid interval, then rapid deterioration as arterial bleeding compresses the brain. It is a neurosurgical emergency.
答え
B · An epidural hematoma
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Sitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
これが答えになる理由
An upright position improves lung expansion, and adequate fluids, deep breathing and coughing help clear sputum. Oxygen is given to target saturations if needed.
答え
A · Sitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · 高く尖った T 波
これが答えになる理由
高カリウム血症では尖った T 波、次に QRS の幅の拡大、さらにサイン波様の波形や心停止が起こり得ます。低カリウム血症では平坦な T 波と U 波がみられます。
答え: C · Magnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
これが答えになる理由
Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so falling urine output and rising creatinine raise the risk of toxicity. The nurse checks deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate and level of consciousness, reports the findings and keeps calcium gluconate available as the antidote.確認に用いた資料:Magnesium Toxicity (StatPearls) · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)
答え
C · Magnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
11.薬理学
答え: A · Take the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
これが答えになる理由
Cultures are taken before antibiotics so the organism can be identified, but antibiotics must not be delayed in sepsis. Taking cultures quickly and then giving the antibiotic meets both aims.
答え
A · Take the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
12.薬理学
答え: B · Keep the patient well hydrated and give the infusion slowly
これが答えになる理由
Aciclovir can crystallise in the tubules and cause acute kidney injury. Good hydration, slow infusion and monitoring of kidney function reduce this risk.
答え
B · Keep the patient well hydrated and give the infusion slowly
答え: A · Measuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount
これが答えになる理由
Measuring and recording urine output with clear instructions on when to report is suitable for a trained assistant. Medication decisions, neurological assessment and interpreting results stay with the registered nurse.
答え
A · Measuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · The medicine chart, including laxatives and antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
Diarrhoea on enteral feeds is often caused by drugs such as antibiotics, laxatives and liquid medicines containing sorbitol, or by infection such as C. difficile. The feed is not stopped automatically; the cause is investigated.
答え
C · The medicine chart, including laxatives and antibiotics
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Recording baseline vital signs
これが答えになる理由
Trained assistants can record routine observations and report them. Assessment, teaching and interpreting results need registered nurse knowledge and judgement.
答え
B · Recording baseline vital signs
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Checking staff ID before handing over a baby
これが答えになる理由
Matching ID bands, checking staff identification and teaching parents to hand their baby only to identified staff are key. Information about the baby should not be displayed publicly.
答え
A · Checking staff ID before handing over a baby
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Come in for fetal monitoring even without symptoms
これが答えになる理由
Even minor trauma can cause placental abruption, sometimes without bleeding. Pregnant women after trauma are usually monitored with CTG for several hours. Rh-negative women may need anti-D.
答え
C · Come in for fetal monitoring even without symptoms
21.小児看護
答え: C · Give it with a syringe or straw towards the back of the mouth; dark stools are expected
これが答えになる理由
Liquid iron can stain teeth, so it is given by syringe or straw and the teeth are brushed afterwards. Milk and antacids reduce absorption, while vitamin C can help. Dark stools are a harmless, expected effect.
答え
C · Give it with a syringe or straw towards the back of the mouth; dark stools are expected
22.小児看護
答え: B · A 7-year-old 2 days after an appendicectomy, stable on oral analgesia
これが答えになる理由
Practical or enrolled nurses usually care for stable children with predictable outcomes. Children who are unstable, newly admitted with a complex condition or showing signs of deterioration need a registered nurse's assessment.
答え
B · A 7-year-old 2 days after an appendicectomy, stable on oral analgesia
23.精神看護
答え: B · Diagnostic overshadowing
これが答えになる理由
Diagnostic overshadowing happens when new symptoms are attributed to a known disability or mental illness, so a physical or other cause is missed. It contributes to poorer health outcomes.
答え
B · Diagnostic overshadowing
24.精神看護
答え: A · It is false reassurance that dismisses the patient's feelings
これが答えになる理由
False reassurance minimises the patient's concerns and discourages further talk. A therapeutic response would acknowledge the losses and invite the patient to share more.
答え
A · It is false reassurance that dismisses the patient's feelings
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 101.5 °F
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
9/5を掛ける
38.6·9/5 = 69.48
32を足す
T = 69.48 + 32 = 101.5 °F
答え
T = 101.5 °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 975 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
3 カップ = 3·240 = 720 mL
8 fl oz = 8·30 = 240 mL
3 tsp = 3·5 = 15 mL
足す
V = 720 + 240 + 15 = 975 mL
答え
V = 975 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 10 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
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