In the UK SSKIN care bundle for pressure ulcer prevention, what does "K" stand for?
AKeep clean
BKeep warm
CKeep dry
DKeep moving
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Which postoperative finding should be reported most urgently?
ARespiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
BPain score of 4/10 at the wound site when moving
CUrine output of 50 mL in the last hour
DTemperature 37.4 °C on the first day
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has a weak left leg. Which instruction about using a cane is correct?
AMove the cane and the right leg forward together
BHold the cane in the left hand, on the weaker side
CHold the cane in the right hand, on the stronger side
DKeep the cane well out to the side, away from the body
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse has weeping dermatitis on both hands. What is the most appropriate action?
AUse extra alcohol hand rub on the lesions
BContinue care as usual and wear one pair of gloves
CAvoid direct patient care and handling of equipment until it heals, and see occupational health
DCover the lesions with a waterproof bandage and keep working with patients as usual
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse needs to give report on a patient to a colleague. Which information is the most important to include?
AThe patient’s current condition, recent changes and pending tasks
BPersonal opinions about the patient’s family members and their visiting habits
CThe patient’s favorite television programs and hobbies
DDetails of the nurse’s own break times that shift
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
LPN/LVN が、安定していた患者に新たな胸痛が出たと報告しました。RN はどうすべきですか?
ALPN/LVN に対応を任せ、勤務終了時に報告するよう頼む
B自ら患者をアセスメントし、次のステップを決める
C看護助手に心電図を記録させて、結果を待つ
Dアセスメントなしに、頓用のニトログリセリンを投与するよう LPN/LVN に伝える
7.臨床看護学ふつう
敗血症が疑われる患者で血清乳酸値を測るのはなぜですか?
A患者の血糖を測れるから
B尿路感染症があるかどうかがわかるから
Cどの抗菌薬を投与すべきかを確定できるから
D乳酸値の上昇は組織灌流の低下とリスクの高さを示すから
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient going home with a leg cast is taught about cast care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will keep the cast dry."
B"I can push a knitting needle down the cast to scratch an itch."
C"I will come back if my toes go numb or turn blue."
D"I will keep my leg raised on pillows for the first few days."
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
During a red cell transfusion, when are serious acute reactions most likely, so the nurse stays with the patient?
AAfter about 2 hours
BAfter the last drop is given
CIn the first 15 minutes
DThe next morning
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with kidney stones and fatigue has a calcium of 11.6 mg/dL (2.9 mmol/L), a high parathyroid hormone (PTH) and a low phosphate. Which condition is most likely?
APrimary hyperparathyroidism
BHypoparathyroidism
CVitamin D deficiency
DCancer-related hypercalcemia
11.薬理学ふつう
In which patient is bupropion contraindicated?
AA patient who wants to stop smoking
BA patient with a seizure disorder or an eating disorder
CA patient with high blood cholesterol and a family history of it
DA patient with seasonal allergies
12.薬理学むずかしい
Beta-lactam antibiotics show time-dependent killing. What does this mean for administration?
ADoses should be given on time at evenly spaced intervals
BDoses should be given only when the patient has a fever
CDoses can be given at any time as long as the daily total is right
DA single very large daily dose works best
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
錯乱、尿素、呼吸数、血圧、年齢を使う肺炎の重症度スコアはどれですか?
ANEWS2
BWellsスコア
CCURB-65
DCHA₂DS₂-VASc
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with pneumonia has a temperature of 39 °C, pain and a sinus tachycardia of 122/min. BP is normal. What is the best way to manage the heart rate?
AGive a beta-blocker to bring the heart rate below 100/min
BArrange urgent electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rate
CGive IV adenosine
DTreat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
HHSではなくDKAを最もよく裏づける検査結果の組み合わせはどれですか?
A高いケトン、pH 7.3未満、低い重炭酸
B血糖30 mmol/L超で、pHは正常
C非常に高い浸透圧で、血中のケトンは微量のみ
D正常なケトンと正常な重炭酸
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
血液透析の患者で、重要な薬の投与時間の問題はどれですか?
Aすべての薬は、治療の直前に投与しなければならない
B透析で除去される薬は、治療後に投与する必要があることがある
C透析日には、どの薬も服用できない
D透析は、どの薬も除去しない
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
創傷治癒のうち、肉芽組織と新しい血管の形成が起こる段階はどれですか?
A止血(凝固)期
B増殖期
C炎症期
D成熟期
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
On day 3 after admission, a patient with alcohol dependence becomes confused, with hallucinations, sweating, tremor, fever and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause?
ADelirium tremens from alcohol withdrawal
BAn allergic reaction to hospital food
CNormal anxiety about being in hospital
DHepatitis A caught on the ward
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman with pre-eclampsia is on magnesium sulfate. Why does the nurse monitor her urine output closely?
AMagnesium causes a large diuresis that leads to dehydration
BLow urine output shows that the magnesium is working
CUrine output tells the nurse exactly when to stop the infusion after the birth
DMagnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria raises the risk of toxicity
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A biophysical profile scores 4 out of 10 at 38 weeks. How should the nurse interpret this?
AIt is abnormal and needs prompt review
BIt only means the woman needs to drink more water
CIt is normal and reassuring
DIt is equivocal and should be repeated next week
21.小児看護ふつう
A child is receiving IV morphine. Which assessments are most important?
ARespiratory rate and level of sedation
BPeak flow and inhaler technique
CBlood glucose and urine ketones
DHead circumference and fontanelle tension
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child recovering from acute rheumatic fever with heart involvement asks why she needs regular penicillin for years. What is the best answer?
ATo cure the heart valve damage that has already occurred and let the valves heal completely
BTo prevent new strep infections that could cause further attacks and more valve damage
CTo reduce the joint pain that continues after the illness
DTo prevent common viral colds during the school year
23.精神看護ふつう
A man with an intellectual disability is becoming irritable. Staff say it is "just his learning disability". What is this an example of?
SSKIN stands for Surface, Skin inspection, Keep moving, Incontinence and moisture, and Nutrition and hydration. Regular repositioning relieves pressure on the skin.
答え
D · Keep moving
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Respiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
これが答えになる理由
A low respiratory rate with reduced consciousness may mean opioid toxicity or deterioration and threatens the airway. The other findings are common after surgery and can be managed routinely.
答え
A · Respiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Hold the cane in the right hand, on the stronger side
これが答えになる理由
The cane is held on the strong side and moved forward with the weak leg, so it shares the weight that the weak leg cannot take. It is kept close to the body for stability.
答え
C · Hold the cane in the right hand, on the stronger side
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Avoid direct patient care and handling of equipment until it heals, and see occupational health
これが答えになる理由
Weeping skin lesions increase the risk of passing organisms to patients and of the nurse picking up bloodborne pathogens. The nurse should avoid direct patient contact and handling of patient equipment until the condition is assessed and resolved.
答え
C · Avoid direct patient care and handling of equipment until it heals, and see occupational health
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · The patient’s current condition, recent changes and pending tasks
これが答えになる理由
Effective handover covers the current status, changes, risks and outstanding tasks, often using a structure such as SBAR. Opinions and unrelated details distract from what matters.
答え
A · The patient’s current condition, recent changes and pending tasks
答え: B · "I can push a knitting needle down the cast to scratch an itch."
これが答えになる理由
Pushing objects under a cast can injure the skin and cause infection or pressure sores. Elevation, keeping the cast dry and reporting numbness, colour change or increasing pain are correct.
答え
B · "I can push a knitting needle down the cast to scratch an itch."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · In the first 15 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Acute hemolytic and anaphylactic reactions usually appear early, so the transfusion is started slowly and the nurse stays with the patient for about the first 15 minutes, checking vital signs before, during and after according to policy.
答え
C · In the first 15 minutes
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Primary hyperparathyroidism
これが答えになる理由
In primary hyperparathyroidism, usually from an adenoma, PTH is high despite high calcium, and phosphate is low because PTH increases its excretion. Cancer-related hypercalcemia typically has a suppressed PTH.確認に用いた資料:Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023); Hyperparathyroidism · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Primary hyperparathyroidism
11.薬理学
答え: B · A patient with a seizure disorder or an eating disorder
これが答えになる理由
Bupropion increases the risk of seizures, especially with bulimia or anorexia, where electrolyte disturbances are common. It is used for depression and as a smoking cessation aid.
答え
B · A patient with a seizure disorder or an eating disorder
12.薬理学
答え: A · Doses should be given on time at evenly spaced intervals
これが答えになる理由
For beta-lactams, efficacy depends on the time the drug level stays above the minimum inhibitory concentration. Evenly spaced, on-time doses, or extended infusions, support this.
答え
A · Doses should be given on time at evenly spaced intervals
答え: D · Treat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
これが答えになる理由
Sinus tachycardia is usually a physiological response to fever, pain, hypovolaemia, anxiety, hypoxia or sepsis. Treating the cause (antipyretics, analgesia, fluids, oxygen if needed) is appropriate, while watching for sepsis. Rate-slowing drugs can be harmful by masking compensation.
答え
D · Treat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
Delirium tremens usually develops 2–3 days after stopping alcohol and is a medical emergency. It is treated with benzodiazepines, fluids, thiamine and close monitoring, ideally prevented by a withdrawal protocol.
答え
A · Delirium tremens from alcohol withdrawal
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria raises the risk of toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria, which is common in pre-eclampsia, allows levels to rise. The nurse also monitors reflexes, respiratory rate and level of consciousness.
答え
D · Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria raises the risk of toxicity
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · It is abnormal and needs prompt review
これが答えになる理由
A score of 8 to 10 is normal, 6 is equivocal, and 4 or less is abnormal and suggests fetal hypoxia. At term, a low score usually leads to prompt review and consideration of birth.
答え
A · It is abnormal and needs prompt review
21.小児看護
答え: A · Respiratory rate and level of sedation
これが答えになる理由
Opioids can cause respiratory depression, usually preceded by increasing sedation. Respiratory rate, sedation score, oxygen saturation and pain are monitored regularly, and naloxone is kept available.
答え
A · Respiratory rate and level of sedation
22.小児看護
答え: B · To prevent new strep infections that could cause further attacks and more valve damage
これが答えになる理由
Recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever follow new group A streptococcal infections and worsen rheumatic heart disease. Long-term secondary prophylaxis with penicillin prevents these infections; it does not reverse existing damage.
答え
B · To prevent new strep infections that could cause further attacks and more valve damage
23.精神看護
答え: A · Diagnostic overshadowing
これが答えになる理由
Diagnostic overshadowing happens when new symptoms are attributed to a known disability or mental illness, so a physical or other cause is missed. It contributes to poorer health outcomes.
答え
A · Diagnostic overshadowing
24.精神看護
答え: C · 振戦せん妄の可能性として扱い、緊急に医療的な助けを求め、処方に従ってベンゾジアゼピン系薬を投与し、安全を確保する
C · 振戦せん妄の可能性として扱い、緊急に医療的な助けを求め、処方に従ってベンゾジアゼピン系薬を投与し、安全を確保する
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 71.7 in
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
センチメートルからインチへ
h = 182/2.54 = 71.65 ≈ 71.7 in
答え
h = 71.7 in
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 120 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
3 fl oz = 3·30 = 90 mL
1 tbsp = 1·15 = 15 mL
3 tsp = 3·5 = 15 mL
足す
V = 90 + 15 + 15 = 120 mL
答え
V = 120 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 1 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
流量(mL/h)
50·60/60 = 50 mL/h
体積
V = 50·12 = 600 mL
答え
V = 600 mL
30.点滴速度
答え: Δ = 16 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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