How should dentures be cleaned to avoid breaking them?
AWith an abrasive cleaning powder to remove stains
BBy soaking them in very hot water to sterilise them
COver a sink lined with a towel or partly filled with water
DOver an empty, hard sink so they can be seen clearly
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
What should the nurse check before giving digoxin?
AThe radial pulse for 15 seconds
BThe blood glucose level
CThe apical pulse for a full minute
DThe temperature
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has received oral radioactive iodine therapy. Which precaution is usually taken?
APlace the patient on droplet precautions with a surgical mask
BLimit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy
CEncourage pregnant visitors to sit close to the patient to give emotional support
DLet the patient share a bathroom with other patients
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Which position is especially dangerous for a patient in physical restraints?
ALying on the back with the head raised
BLying on the side
CSitting upright in bed
DLying face down (prone)
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
LPN/LVN に割り当てるのに最も適切な患者はどれですか?
A30 分前に新たな胸痛で入院した患者
B回復室から到着し、初期アセスメントが必要な患者
C経口薬が必要な、安定した慢性心不全の患者
D最初の赤血球製剤の投与を受けようとしている患者
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
患者が中心静脈ラインから静脈栄養を受けています。直ちに対応が必要な所見はどれですか?
A点滴中の血糖 150 mg/dL(8.3 mmol/L)
B昨日から 0.2 kg の体重増加
C点滴が予期せず止まったあとの、発汗、ふるえ、血糖 62 mg/dL(3.4 mmol/L)
Dラインの上の、乾いて剥がれていないドレッシング
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which rule is essential for safe use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?
AThe nurse should press it every hour
BThe button should be pressed before each meal
COnly the patient should press the button
DRelatives should press it while the patient sleeps
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient two days after abdominal surgery coughs and says something "gave way". The wound has opened and bowel is visible. What should the nurse do first?
AGently push the bowel back into the abdomen and tape the wound edges firmly closed
BApply dry gauze tightly and ask the patient to keep coughing
CSit the patient fully upright and offer a hot drink
DCover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient taking empagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) has glucose in the urine but a normal blood glucose. What is the best interpretation?
A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?
ATake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely
BKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
CAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life
DAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Hours after surgery to restore blood flow to an ischaemic leg, the patient has severe calf pain that is worse when the toes are moved passively, and the calf feels tense. What should the nurse suspect?
ACramp from lying still in bed
BA superficial thrombophlebitis of the long saphenous vein
CCompartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
DExpected postoperative pain from the leg wound
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?
AUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
BDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
CStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
DIV thrombolysis within 4.5 hours
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
During haemodialysis, a patient suddenly becomes breathless with chest pain, and air is seen in the line. What should the nurse do first?
ASpeed up the pump to clear the air into the patient
BSit the patient upright and give a drink of water
CContinue the session and recheck in 30 minutes
DClamp the lines and lay the patient left side down, head low
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which statement correctly describes physical dependence on opioids?
AWithdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly
BThe patient is allergic to opioids
CThe patient always craves the drug and misuses it despite harm
Which finding may suggest that a school-age child is being bullied?
ANot wanting to go to school, lost belongings and frequent stomach aches
BWanting to collect trading cards and play team games with classmates
CEnjoying school clubs and inviting friends home
DArguing with a sibling about the TV remote
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child on chemotherapy for leukaemia was in close contact with a classmate who has chickenpox. What should the nurse do?
ATell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
BGive the live varicella vaccine to the child that same day to boost immunity
CReassure the family, as chickenpox is mild in all children
DWait to see whether a rash develops before acting
23.精神看護ふつう
ジスルフィラムを服用している患者には、何を指導すべきですか?
A1 回の服用でアルコール依存症が治る
B一部の洗口液やソースなどに隠れたものも含め、すべてのアルコールを避ける
Cアルコールを飲んだときにだけ効くので、毎日少量のワインが必要である
D少量のビールは安全である
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient taking naltrexone for alcohol dependence is brought to the emergency department with a broken leg. Why should the nurse tell the team about the naltrexone?
ANaltrexone causes broken bones to heal more slowly
BNaltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently
CNaltrexone makes opioids much stronger, so smaller doses must be used
DIt is not relevant, because naltrexone only affects the way the body responds to alcohol
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある新生児の体重は 7 lb 14 oz です。1 lb = 16 oz と 1 kg = 2.2 lb を使って、体重 m をキログラムで求めてください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
7 lb 14 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 17:15 に始まり、翌朝の 07:00 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何分 t 続きましたか。
17:1507:00
t = min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 35 kg の子どもに、5 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 25 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
答え: C · Over a sink lined with a towel or partly filled with water
これが答えになる理由
Cleaning over a padded or water-filled sink cushions a fall. Hot water can warp dentures, and abrasives scratch them; they are stored in a labelled denture pot.
答え
C · Over a sink lined with a towel or partly filled with water
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · The apical pulse for a full minute
これが答えになる理由
Digoxin slows the heart rate and can cause dangerous bradycardia and arrhythmias in toxicity. The apical pulse is counted for a full minute, and a low or irregular rate is reported before giving it.
答え
C · The apical pulse for a full minute
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Limit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy
これが答えになる理由
Radioactive iodine is excreted in urine, sweat and saliva, so the patient is usually in a private room with their own bathroom. Staff limit time near them, use distance and follow policy for body fluids and waste.
答え
B · Limit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Lying face down (prone)
これが答えになる理由
Restraining a person face down can restrict breathing and has caused deaths from positional asphyxia. Restrained patients are positioned to protect the airway and are watched closely.
If the patient becomes too sedated, they stop pressing the button, which protects them. When others press it, this safety mechanism is lost and overdose can occur.
答え
C · Only the patient should press the button
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · Cover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help
これが答えになる理由
Evisceration is a surgical emergency. The exposed bowel is covered with sterile moist dressings, the patient is positioned to reduce tension on the abdomen (for example knees bent), kept nil by mouth and reviewed urgently.
答え
D · Cover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · An expected effect of the drug
これが答えになる理由
SGLT2 inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, so glycosuria is expected even with normal blood glucose. Urine glucose cannot be used to monitor control in these patients. The drugs also raise the risk of genital infections and DKA.確認に用いた資料:Ketones blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え: D · About 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
これが答えになる理由
Proton pump inhibitors block pumps that are active, so they work best when taken before breakfast. Food then activates the pumps when the drug level is high.
答え
D · About 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
答え: B · Keep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
これが答えになる理由
Oral bacteria often enter the blood and can settle on prosthetic valves. Good oral hygiene and regular dental care are key. Patients should also report unexplained fever and avoid body piercing or tattoos where possible. Antibiotic prophylaxis policies differ between countries.
答え
B · Keep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Compartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
これが答えになる理由
When blood flow returns to ischaemic muscle, swelling can raise pressure in a fascial compartment. Pain out of proportion and pain on passive stretch are early signs; pulses may remain until late. It is reported urgently, as fasciotomy may be needed. The limb is kept at heart level, not raised high.
答え
C · Compartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Urgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
これが答えになる理由
Anticoagulants make the haematoma expand. Warfarin is reversed urgently, typically with prothrombin complex concentrate and IV vitamin K. Thrombolysis and antiplatelets are contraindicated in a bleed.
答え
A · Urgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Clamp the lines and lay the patient left side down, head low
これが答えになる理由
In suspected air embolism, the blood lines are clamped at once, the pump stopped, and the patient positioned on the left side with the head down to trap air in the right atrium. Oxygen is given and emergency help called.
答え
D · Clamp the lines and lay the patient left side down, head low
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Withdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly
これが答えになる理由
Physical dependence is a predictable adaptation to regular opioids, causing withdrawal if they stop suddenly, so doses are tapered. Addiction is a behavioural condition with craving, loss of control and continued use despite harm.
答え
A · Withdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly
A yellow film is normal granulation tissue, and mild swelling and fussiness are common. Persistent bleeding, signs of infection or failure to pass urine should be reported.
答え: A · Not wanting to go to school, lost belongings and frequent stomach aches
これが答えになる理由
Children being bullied may refuse school, have unexplained injuries or lost items, complain of headaches or stomach aches, sleep poorly or seem withdrawn. Nurses should ask sensitively and involve parents and school.
答え
A · Not wanting to go to school, lost belongings and frequent stomach aches
22.小児看護
答え: A · Tell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
これが答えになる理由
In immunosuppressed children, chickenpox can cause severe pneumonia, hepatitis and encephalitis. After exposure, the team may give varicella-zoster immunoglobulin or antivirals. Live varicella vaccine is not given during chemotherapy.
答え
A · Tell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
答え: B · Naltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently
これが答えになる理由
Naltrexone blocks opioid receptors, so usual opioid doses may not work, and attempts to overcome the block with high doses can be dangerous. The team needs to know so that analgesia can be planned safely.
答え
B · Naltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 3.58 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
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