Which nursing record entry is the best example of objective documentation?
A"Ate well, as usual."
B"Ate half of lunch; drank 200 mL of water."
C"Had a good appetite today and enjoyed lunch."
D"Seemed to enjoy the meal."
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
During a handover the nurse notices a colleague is sharing patient details loudly in a busy corridor. What should the nurse do?
ASuggest moving the handover to a private place
BJoin in to finish the handover more quickly
CIgnore it, as handover is part of care
DReport the colleague to the police
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
接触予防策中の患者に対する器材の扱いで、正しいのはどれですか?
A患者の器材を隣の部屋へ持っていく
B清拭せずに、すべての患者に同じ聴診器を使う
Cその患者専用の聴診器と血圧計のカフを使う
D清潔な物品庫から出した器材を、そのまま戻す
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse finds a patient lying on the floor next to the bed. What should the nurse do first?
AComplete an incident report while the details are fresh
BTelephone the family to tell them about the fall
CLift the patient back into bed with a colleague
DAssess the patient for injury before moving them
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse teaches a patient who uses home oxygen. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
B“I will not use oil-based creams on my face.”
C“I will keep the oxygen away from the gas stove.”
D“I will put up no-smoking signs at the front door and in my room.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An older adult with type 2 diabetes is confused and very dehydrated. The glucose is 900 mg/dL (50 mmol/L), and blood and urine show no significant ketones. What is the most likely problem?
ADiabetic ketoacidosis
BHypoglycemia with rebound
CHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
DStress-induced mild hyperglycemia
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A rising serum creatinine most often indicates:
AIncreased muscle strength
BDehydration of the skin only
CReduced kidney function
DImproved liver function
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient has a full-thickness burn all the way round the forearm. Which complication must be watched for closely?
AExcessive bleeding from the burn surface needing an urgent blood transfusion
BHypoglycaemia caused by the body using glucose to heal the burn
CLoss of circulation to the hand as swelling builds under tight burned skin
DDelayed hair growth on the arm
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with chronic kidney disease receives an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent such as epoetin alfa. Which assessments are most important?
AHemoglobin and blood pressure
BSerum amylase and lipase
CLiver enzymes and bilirubin
DSerum glucose and ketones
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with a large, fast-growing lymphoma will start chemotherapy tomorrow. Which plan best prevents tumor lysis syndrome?
ANo special measures, because the risk starts only after a week
BFluid restriction and a high-potassium diet before the treatment
CIV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes
DCalcium supplements and a high-phosphate diet during treatment
11.薬理学ふつう
クロザピンを服用している患者に定期的な血球数の検査が必要なのはなぜですか?
A血小板数を危険なほど上げるから
B血液型を変えるから
C無顆粒球症を起こすことがあるから
D鉄欠乏性貧血をよく起こすから
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why is strict aseptic technique and a limited hang time needed for propofol infusions?
AIts lipid emulsion lets bacteria grow if it is contaminated
BPropofol breaks down into a toxic gas after a few hours
CPropofol becomes more potent the longer it hangs
DLight exposure changes propofol into an opioid
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient with bronchiectasis of the right lower lobe is taught postural drainage. How should they be positioned?
ASitting fully upright at all times
BWith the affected lobe lowest so it fills with mucus
CWith the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
DFlat on the back with the arms raised
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with severe asthma develops a stable narrow-complex tachycardia, and IV adenosine is prescribed. What should the nurse do?
AQuestion the prescription, as adenosine can cause bronchospasm
BGive it orally instead of intravenously
CGive it as a slow infusion over an hour to reduce side effects
DGive it as prescribed, as adenosine is safe in every patient
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?
ACheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
BSkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat
CTake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off
答え: B · "Ate half of lunch; drank 200 mL of water."
これが答えになる理由
Objective entries describe what was observed or measured. Vague or judgemental phrases such as "good" or "as usual" cannot be checked or compared.
答え
B · "Ate half of lunch; drank 200 mL of water."
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Suggest moving the handover to a private place
これが答えになる理由
Information shared for care must still be protected from people who do not need it. Moving to a private area or speaking quietly at the bedside protects patient confidentiality.
答え
A · Suggest moving the handover to a private place
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · その患者専用の聴診器と血圧計のカフを使う
これが答えになる理由
聴診器やカフなどの非クリティカル器材は、その患者専用とするか、別の患者に使う前に清掃・消毒します。
答え
C · その患者専用の聴診器と血圧計のカフを使う
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Assess the patient for injury before moving them
これが答えになる理由
The first step is to stay with the patient and assess them, including consciousness, vital signs and signs of fracture or head injury, before deciding how to move them. Notifying the provider, documenting and reporting come afterwards.
答え
D · Assess the patient for injury before moving them
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · “My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
これが答えになる理由
Oxygen supports combustion, so no one may smoke near it, even with a window open. Keeping it away from flames and avoiding oil-based products are correct.
答え
A · “My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
これが答えになる理由
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state occurs mainly in type 2 diabetes, with extreme glucose, severe dehydration and little or no ketosis. Treatment starts with IV fluids, as in DKA.
答え
C · Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Reduced kidney function
これが答えになる理由
Creatinine is a muscle waste product filtered by the kidneys. A rise shows the glomerular filtration rate is falling, as in acute kidney injury.
答え
C · Reduced kidney function
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · Loss of circulation to the hand as swelling builds under tight burned skin
これが答えになる理由
Circumferential full-thickness burns form a tight eschar that acts like a tourniquet as oedema develops. Neurovascular checks are needed, and escharotomy may be required.
答え
C · Loss of circulation to the hand as swelling builds under tight burned skin
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Hemoglobin and blood pressure
これが答えになる理由
Epoetin stimulates red cell production. Hemoglobin is monitored, because raising it too high increases the risk of hypertension, stroke and thrombosis. Blood pressure is monitored, and iron stores are checked, since iron is needed for a good response.確認に用いた資料:Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2024)
答え
A · Hemoglobin and blood pressure
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · IV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes
これが答えになる理由
Prevention includes aggressive IV hydration, drugs such as allopurinol or rasburicase to lower uric acid, and frequent monitoring of potassium, phosphate, calcium, uric acid and creatinine. Tumor lysis usually begins within 1–3 days of starting treatment.確認に用いた資料:Uric Acid Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
C · IV hydration, a uric acid-lowering drug and frequent electrolytes
答え: A · Its lipid emulsion lets bacteria grow if it is contaminated
これが答えになる理由
Propofol is formulated in a soybean oil emulsion, which is a good growth medium for bacteria. Contaminated propofol has caused sepsis, so it is handled aseptically and tubing and containers are changed at set intervals.
答え
A · Its lipid emulsion lets bacteria grow if it is contaminated
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · With the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
これが答えになる理由
Postural drainage places the patient so the affected segment is above the main bronchus, letting gravity move secretions towards the larger airways to be coughed up. It is combined with breathing techniques. Head-down positions are avoided in patients with reflux, recent surgery or breathlessness.
答え
C · With the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Question the prescription, as adenosine can cause bronchospasm
これが答えになる理由
Adenosine can trigger severe bronchospasm and is generally avoided in asthma. Alternatives such as verapamil may be used, depending on the patient. The nurse raises the concern with the prescriber before giving it.
答え
A · Question the prescription, as adenosine can cause bronchospasm
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Check glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
これが答えになる理由
Exercise increases glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, so hypos can occur during and for hours after activity. Checking glucose, carrying carbohydrate and, if advised, adjusting insulin or food reduce the risk.
答え
A · Check glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
Bleomycin can cause pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, especially at higher cumulative doses, in older patients and with high oxygen concentrations. Breathlessness or a new cough must be reported.
答え: A · It appears later, after the first week, in a thriving baby
これが答えになる理由
Breast milk jaundice begins after the first week and can last several weeks in an otherwise healthy, well-fed baby. It is thought to be caused by substances in milk and rarely needs breastfeeding to stop.
答え
A · It appears later, after the first week, in a thriving baby
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · The baby has a higher risk of early sepsis
これが答えになる理由
Maternal fever, prolonged rupture of membranes and intra-amniotic infection are risk factors for early-onset sepsis. Many protocols require observation of vital signs and feeding, and sometimes blood tests or antibiotics.
答え
C · The baby has a higher risk of early sepsis
21.小児看護
答え: D · Measuring and recording the vital signs of a stable child
これが答えになる理由
Routine tasks with predictable outcomes for stable patients, such as recording vital signs, can be delegated. Assessment, care planning, teaching and evaluation remain the responsibility of the registered nurse, who also reviews the results.
答え
D · Measuring and recording the vital signs of a stable child
答え: D · Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
これが答えになる理由
CBT-I combines sleep education, stimulus control, sleep restriction and work on unhelpful beliefs about sleep. It has lasting effects and fewer risks than long-term sleeping tablets.
答え
D · Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
98.2 − 32 = 66.2
5/9を掛ける
T = 66.2·5/9 = 36.78 ≈ 36.8 °C
答え
T = 36.8 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: N = 4
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
合計容量
7.5 mL × 3 × 14 = 315 mL
ボトル
315/100 = 3.15 → N = 4
答え
N = 4
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 3 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
混合後の濃度
1000 mg/4 mL = 250 mg/mL
体積
V = 750/250 = 3 mL
答え
V = 3 mL
28.投与量の計算
答え: R = 15 mL/h
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
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