In the PQRST pain assessment, what does "Q" ask about?
AThe quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
BThe quantity of analgesia the patient has already taken today
CHow quickly the pain started
DWhether the pain is quieter at night
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient with new swallowing difficulty is prescribed a modified-release tablet. What should the nurse do?
ACut the tablet into quarters and give the pieces one at a time with water
BOmit the medicine without telling anyone
CContact the prescriber or pharmacist for a suitable alternative
DCrush the tablet and mix it with yoghurt
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient receiving continuous nasogastric feeding has pulled the tube partly out. What should the nurse do first?
ATape the tube in its new position and continue
BPush the tube back in and restart the feed
CIncrease the feed rate to make up for the lost time
DStop the feeding until the tube position is checked
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
The laboratory reports that a blood sample labeled with one patient’s name has a blood group different from that patient’s previous result. What is the most likely problem and response?
AA wrong-patient sample, so the test is repeated and the event reported
BA normal change in the patient’s blood group over the years since the last test
CThe previous result was wrong, so it is deleted
DA laboratory machine fault, so no action is needed
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient wants to leave the hospital against medical advice. What should the nurse do?
AHide the patient’s clothes and belongings until the provider arrives
BLock the door so the patient cannot leave the unit
CLet the patient leave without telling anyone
DInform the provider, explain the risks and document the discussion
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient who is 7 weeks pregnant has one-sided lower abdominal pain, pain in the shoulder tip, a heart rate of 120/min and a blood pressure of 88/54 mmHg. What is most likely?
Why can pulse oximetry be misleading in carbon monoxide poisoning?
ACarbon monoxide makes the oximeter read zero even in a well patient
BStandard oximeters cannot tell carboxyhaemoglobin from oxyhaemoglobin
CCarbon monoxide only affects the heart rate reading
DThe oximeter overheats in smoke-exposed patients
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?
AA sudden failure of the bone marrow
BA laboratory error in the first sample
CDilution of the blood by the IV fluid
DIncreased red cell production
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with acute kidney injury after severe dehydration has a rising creatinine. Which urine findings support a prerenal cause rather than acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
ARed cell casts with heavy protein loss in the urine
BHigh urine sodium and dilute urine with muddy brown granular casts
CWhite cell casts with positive nitrites on the dipstick
DLow urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient takes isoniazid. Which advice is most important?
AAvoid alcohol and report jaundice, dark urine or poor appetite
BStop the drug when the cough improves
CTake it with antacids to protect the stomach from irritation
DExpect the urine to turn orange
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why do infants absorb more of a topical corticosteroid than adults?
AThey have more skin area per kilogram and thinner skin
BInfants do not absorb topical drugs at all
CTheir skin contains no blood vessels
DTheir liver changes the cream into a much stronger form
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
COPDにおける呼吸リハビリテーションとは何ですか?
A毎年冬に自宅で行う、経口ステロイドと抗菌薬の投与
B肺の最も障害された部分を切除する手術
C息切れを和らげる、監督下の運動と教育
D6か月ごとに繰り返す肺機能検査
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Which task for a stable patient with heart failure can the registered nurse most appropriately delegate to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel)?
AAssessing lung sounds for new crackles
BMeasuring and recording the morning weight
CTeaching the patient about a low-salt diet
DDeciding whether to give the furosemide dose
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which measure best prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection?
AKeep the drainage bag above bladder level
BRemove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
CDisconnect the bag regularly to empty it
DChange the catheter for a new one every day
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient on a variable rate IV insulin infusion is nil by mouth. Why is a glucose-containing IV fluid usually given alongside it?
ATo stop the insulin sticking to the IV tubing
BTo prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
CTo replace the potassium lost from the cells
DTo speed up the action of the insulin in the muscles
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
What are anticipatory ("just in case") medicines at the end of life usually prescribed for?
AHigh blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes
BInfection prevention and vaccination
CPain, nausea, agitation and respiratory secretions
DWeight gain and appetite stimulation
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient's platelet count is 18 × 109/L (18,000/µL). Which order should the nurse question?
AAn intramuscular injection
BOral paracetamol for headache
CDaily full blood count
DA soft diet with mouthwashes
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman says she uses cannabis daily to manage nausea in pregnancy. What is the best nursing response?
AExplain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
BRefuse to continue her care until she stops
CTell her that cannabis is a natural remedy and safe in pregnancy
DAdvise her to switch to tobacco instead
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn has excessive frothy saliva and chokes and turns blue with the first feed. What is the priority?
APlace the baby on its back to sleep
BGive the baby water instead of milk
CContinue feeding more slowly
DStop feeding and report it urgently
21.小児看護ふつう
A child with a known peanut allergy is starting school. What is the most important step?
AA written allergy action plan, with in-date auto-injectors and trained staff
BAsking the child to tell the teachers if she feels unwell
CAllowing the child to eat only foods brought by classmates
DKeeping the auto-injector at home, so that it cannot be lost or misused by other children
22.小児看護むずかしい
A large baby born to a mother with diabetes becomes jittery at 1 hour of age. What should the nurse check first?
AThe baby's haemoglobin
BThe baby's blood group
CThe baby's blood glucose
DThe baby's serum bilirubin
23.精神看護ふつう
When is the risk of suicide particularly high for patients after psychiatric inpatient care?
AIn the first weeks after discharge
BOnly after one year at home
CThere is no change in risk after discharge
DOnly while the patient is asleep in hospital
24.精神看護むずかしい
After a serious bus accident, the nurse is helping uninjured survivors. Which action reflects psychological first aid?
AGive every survivor a benzodiazepine at the scene to prevent long-term psychological problems from developing
BAsk each survivor to describe the accident in full detail straight away
CProvide safety, comfort and practical help, and connect people with their families and support
DTell survivors that they will definitely develop PTSD
答え: A · The quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
これが答えになる理由
PQRST covers Provoking or palliating factors, Quality, Region and radiation, Severity and Timing. Describing the quality helps identify the cause of the pain.
答え
A · The quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Contact the prescriber or pharmacist for a suitable alternative
これが答えになる理由
Crushing a modified-release tablet can release the full dose at once and cause toxicity. The prescriber or pharmacist can suggest a liquid, a patch or another drug, and any omitted dose is documented.
答え
C · Contact the prescriber or pharmacist for a suitable alternative
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Stop the feeding until the tube position is checked
これが答えになる理由
A displaced tube may now sit in the esophagus or airway. The feeding is stopped and the tube is not pushed back blindly. Its position is checked according to policy, or it is replaced.
答え
D · Stop the feeding until the tube position is checked
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · A wrong-patient sample, so the test is repeated and the event reported
これが答えになる理由
A different blood group strongly suggests the sample came from another patient. A new sample is taken with careful bedside identification and labeling, and the event is reported as a serious near miss.
答え
A · A wrong-patient sample, so the test is repeated and the event reported
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Inform the provider, explain the risks and document the discussion
これが答えになる理由
A competent adult has the right to leave. The nurse informs the provider, makes sure the patient understands the risks and documents it; holding the patient against their will may be false imprisonment.
答え
D · Inform the provider, explain the risks and document the discussion
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · A ruptured ectopic pregnancy
これが答えになる理由
A ruptured ectopic pregnancy causes internal bleeding, with abdominal pain, shoulder-tip pain and signs of shock. It is a surgical emergency.
答え: B · Standard oximeters cannot tell carboxyhaemoglobin from oxyhaemoglobin
これが答えになる理由
Standard SpO2 can appear normal despite severe tissue hypoxia. Carboxyhaemoglobin is measured on a blood gas, and high-concentration oxygen is given.
答え
B · Standard oximeters cannot tell carboxyhaemoglobin from oxyhaemoglobin
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Dilution of the blood by the IV fluid
これが答えになる理由
IV fluids dilute the blood, so the hemoglobin falls even without further bleeding. Ongoing bleeding must still be considered, so vital signs, wounds and repeat hemoglobin values are monitored.
答え
C · Dilution of the blood by the IV fluid
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Low urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
これが答えになる理由
In prerenal AKI the tubules are intact, so they keep sodium and water, giving a low urine sodium and concentrated urine. In ATN the damaged tubules cannot do this, so urine sodium is high, the urine is dilute and muddy brown casts appear.確認に用いた資料:Urine specific gravity test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Low urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
11.薬理学
答え: A · Avoid alcohol and report jaundice, dark urine or poor appetite
これが答えになる理由
Isoniazid can cause hepatitis, and alcohol increases the risk. Signs of liver injury are reported at once, and liver tests may be checked.
答え
A · Avoid alcohol and report jaundice, dark urine or poor appetite
12.薬理学
答え: A · They have more skin area per kilogram and thinner skin
これが答えになる理由
Infants have a high surface area-to-weight ratio and a thinner skin barrier, so topical drugs reach higher systemic levels. Nappies can act as an occlusive dressing and increase absorption further.
答え
A · They have more skin area per kilogram and thinner skin
答え: B · Measuring and recording the morning weight
これが答えになる理由
Weighing a stable patient is a routine, measurable task that can be delegated, with the result reported to the nurse. Assessment, patient teaching and clinical decisions about medicines require the registered nurse's judgement and cannot be delegated.
答え
B · Measuring and recording the morning weight
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Remove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
これが答えになる理由
The risk of CAUTI rises with each day a catheter is in place. Avoiding unnecessary catheters and removing them early are the most effective measures. A closed system and keeping the bag below bladder level also help.
答え
B · Remove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · To prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
これが答えになる理由
Without food, an insulin infusion can push glucose too low. A substrate fluid containing glucose is run with the insulin, and glucose is checked hourly so the rate can be adjusted.
答え
B · To prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Pain, nausea, agitation and respiratory secretions
これが答えになる理由
Anticipatory medicines are prescribed in advance, usually for subcutaneous use, so that common end-of-life symptoms can be treated quickly without delay, especially at home.
答え
C · Pain, nausea, agitation and respiratory secretions
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · An intramuscular injection
これが答えになる理由
IM injections can cause haematomas in severe thrombocytopenia. Rectal procedures, NSAIDs and aspirin are also avoided. The nurse checks with the prescriber and the oral or IV route is used where possible.
答え
A · An intramuscular injection
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Explain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
これが答えになる理由
Cannabis in pregnancy is associated with low birth weight and possible effects on brain development. The nurse discusses the risks without judgement, offers safer antiemetics and support and continues care.
答え
A · Explain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Stop feeding and report it urgently
これが答えになる理由
Drooling and choking with feeds suggest oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Feeding is stopped, the pouch is suctioned and the baby is kept upright while surgical review is arranged.
答え
D · Stop feeding and report it urgently
21.小児看護
答え: A · A written allergy action plan, with in-date auto-injectors and trained staff
これが答えになる理由
Schools need an individual action plan describing symptoms and steps, staff trained to recognise anaphylaxis and give adrenaline, and auto-injectors that are always quickly available. Avoiding the allergen and not sharing food also help.
答え
A · A written allergy action plan, with in-date auto-injectors and trained staff
22.小児看護
答え: C · The baby's blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
Babies of mothers with diabetes produce extra insulin before birth, so after the cord is cut they are at high risk of hypoglycaemia. Jitteriness is a common sign, so blood glucose is checked straight away and the baby is fed or treated as per protocol.
答え
C · The baby's blood glucose
23.精神看護
答え: A · In the first weeks after discharge
これが答えになる理由
The period shortly after discharge carries a high risk of suicide. Early follow-up, a safety plan and clear crisis contacts help bridge the transition.
答え
A · In the first weeks after discharge
24.精神看護
答え: C · Provide safety, comfort and practical help, and connect people with their families and support
これが答えになる理由
Psychological first aid focuses on safety, calming, practical needs, connection with others and information about support. Forcing people to describe the trauma in detail early on is not recommended.
答え
C · Provide safety, comfort and practical help, and connect people with their families and support
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
変換
Hb = 91 g/L × (1 L/10 dL) = 9.1 g/dL
答え
Hb = 9.1 g/dL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 900 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
投与量
15·60 = 900 mg
答え
D = 900 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V₁ = 250 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。