A patient has received oral radioactive iodine therapy. Which precaution is usually taken?
ALet the patient share a bathroom with other patients
BEncourage pregnant visitors to sit close to the patient to give emotional support
CLimit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy
DPlace the patient on droplet precautions with a surgical mask
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
急性の下痢で入院した患者に C. difficile 感染症が疑われます。検査結果は未着です。接触予防策はいつ開始しますか?
A検査結果を待たず、直ちに
B下痢が3日続いた後
C患者が発熱したときだけ
D検査結果が陽性で返ってきたときだけ
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Which infant with gastroenteritis should the nurse see first?
AAlert, crying with tears, had a wet diaper an hour ago
BTwo loose stools today, feeding well
CMild diaper rash, otherwise playful
DLethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An RN sees an LPN/LVN crushing an extended-release metoprolol tablet to mix with applesauce. What should the RN do?
ATell the LPN/LVN to give half of the crushed tablet now and the other half at lunchtime
BLet the LPN/LVN continue, since crushing makes the tablet easier to swallow
CReport the LPN/LVN at the end of the month without saying anything now
DStop the LPN/LVN and contact the prescriber or pharmacist about another form
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with sickle cell disease is admitted with a painful crisis. What is a key early nursing priority?
AGiving prompt, effective analgesia
BApplying cold packs to the painful areas
CDelaying pain relief until a diagnosis is confirmed
DRestricting oral fluids
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly eased, but an hour later has pain all over the abdomen, a rigid abdomen and a fever. What is most likely?
AThe analgesia has started working
BThe patient has developed gastroenteritis
CThe appendix has perforated, causing peritonitis
DThe appendicitis has resolved without treatment
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has taken hydrochlorothiazide for several years. Which laboratory change is a recognized effect of this drug?
AA fall in serum calcium
BA rise in serum potassium
CA fall in blood glucose
DA rise in serum uric acid
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient about the HbA1c test. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
B"The test shows my average glucose over the past few months"
C"A lower result means less risk of damage to my eyes and kidneys"
D"My daily finger-stick readings still matter between the tests"
11.薬理学ふつう
Which lab tests are monitored in a patient taking carbamazepine?
ASerum amylase and lipase
BINR and aPTT
CFull blood count and serum sodium
DThyroid antibodies and cortisol
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient taking sertraline starts St John's wort for low mood. What is the main concern?
AA hypertensive crisis from tyramine
BSevere low blood pressure from blocked alpha receptors
CBleeding from vitamin K deficiency
DSerotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?
AIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
BIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
CIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
DIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Two days after a coronary stent, a patient on aspirin and ticagrelor has black, tarry stools and feels faint on standing. What should the nurse do?
AStop both antiplatelet drugs permanently on the nurse's own decision
BGive a laxative and repeat the observations tomorrow
CCheck vital signs, report urgently and anticipate a blood count
DReassure the patient that iron tablets cause black stools
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A bladder scan straight after voiding shows 450 mL of urine still in the bladder. What does this show?
AThe patient has drunk too little fluid
BThe kidneys are making too little urine
CThe patient is passing urine normally
DThe bladder is not emptying properly
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient's corrected calcium is 1.7 mmol/L (about 6.8 mg/dL). Which ECG change is most typical?
ATall, peaked T waves
BST elevation in all leads
CA shortened QT interval
DA prolonged QT interval
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which advice helps a person with diabetes prevent foot ulcers?
AWear tight shoes to support the ankles
BCut corns off at home with a sharp blade
CCheck the feet every day and never walk barefoot
DSoak the feet in very hot water every evening
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A sacral wound has heavy exudate, and the surrounding skin is white, soft and wrinkled. What should the nurse do?
ALeave the same dressing in place for a week so the wound is not disturbed
BUse a dressing that adds even more moisture
CApply a tight plastic film directly over the wound
DProtect the skin edges and use a more absorbent dressing
答え: C · Limit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy
これが答えになる理由
Radioactive iodine is excreted in urine, sweat and saliva, so the patient is usually in a private room with their own bathroom. Staff limit time near them, use distance and follow policy for body fluids and waste.
答え
C · Limit time close to the patient and handle body fluids per radiation policy
答え: D · Lethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
これが答えになる理由
Lethargy, a sunken fontanel and no urine for hours suggest severe dehydration, which can lead to shock in infants. The other infants are well hydrated.
答え
D · Lethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Stop the LPN/LVN and contact the prescriber or pharmacist about another form
これが答えになる理由
Crushing an extended-release tablet releases the whole dose at once and can cause toxicity, such as severe bradycardia or hypotension. The RN steps in now and arranges a suitable form.
答え
D · Stop the LPN/LVN and contact the prescriber or pharmacist about another form
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Giving prompt, effective analgesia
これが答えになる理由
A sickle cell crisis needs rapid analgesia, often opioids, within a short target time, plus hydration, oxygen if hypoxic, warmth and monitoring for complications. Cold can trigger more sickling.
答え
A · Giving prompt, effective analgesia
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · The appendix has perforated, causing peritonitis
これが答えになる理由
Perforation may briefly relieve the pain as pressure in the appendix falls, followed by generalised peritonitis. This needs urgent surgical review, IV fluids and antibiotics.
答え
C · The appendix has perforated, causing peritonitis
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · A rise in serum uric acid
これが答えになる理由
Thiazides reduce uric acid excretion and can trigger gout. They also tend to lower potassium, sodium and magnesium, raise calcium (by reducing its excretion) and raise blood glucose and lipids.確認に用いた資料:Hydrochlorothiazide · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)
答え
D · A rise in serum uric acid
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · "I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
これが答えになる理由
HbA1c reflects glucose attached to hemoglobin over about 2–3 months, so fasting is not needed. Lower HbA1c values are linked to fewer microvascular complications, and home glucose monitoring is still useful for day-to-day decisions.確認に用いた資料:The A1C Test & Diabetes · NIDDK (NIH) (2018); Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · "I must not eat anything for 12 hours before the HbA1c test"
11.薬理学
答え: C · Full blood count and serum sodium
これが答えになる理由
Carbamazepine can rarely cause bone marrow suppression and commonly lowers serum sodium. Blood counts, sodium and liver tests are checked, especially early in treatment.
答え
C · Full blood count and serum sodium
12.薬理学
答え: D · Serotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
これが答えになる理由
St John's wort has serotonergic effects, so it can cause serotonin syndrome with SSRIs. It also induces liver enzymes and can reduce levels of drugs such as the combined pill, warfarin and ciclosporin.
答え
D · Serotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · It can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
これが答えになる理由
Beta-blockers improve survival in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but they can cause tiredness, low blood pressure, bradycardia and fluid retention when first started. They are therefore started low and increased gradually in stable patients, with monitoring of weight, pulse and BP.
答え
A · It can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Check vital signs, report urgently and anticipate a blood count
これが答えになる理由
Melaena with postural dizziness suggests upper gastrointestinal bleeding, a risk with dual antiplatelet therapy. The nurse assesses for shock, informs the team urgently and expects bloods, a group and save (type and screen) and possibly endoscopy. Stopping antiplatelets after a stent risks stent thrombosis, so the decision belongs to the medical and cardiology team.
答え
C · Check vital signs, report urgently and anticipate a blood count
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · The bladder is not emptying properly
これが答えになる理由
A large post-void residual means incomplete emptying, for example from obstruction or a weak detrusor. It raises the risk of infection and overflow incontinence and may need intermittent catheterisation or treatment of the cause.
答え
D · The bladder is not emptying properly
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · A prolonged QT interval
これが答えになる理由
Hypocalcaemia prolongs the QT interval, which can lead to dangerous arrhythmias. A short QT is seen in hypercalcaemia, and peaked T waves are typical of hyperkalaemia.
答え
D · A prolonged QT interval
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Check the feet every day and never walk barefoot
これが答えになる理由
Peripheral neuropathy and poor circulation mean injuries can go unnoticed. Daily inspection, well-fitting footwear, checking water temperature and regular podiatry help prevent ulcers.
答え
C · Check the feet every day and never walk barefoot
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Protect the skin edges and use a more absorbent dressing
これが答えになる理由
Maceration shows that exudate is not being managed. A barrier film or cream protects the surrounding skin, and a more absorbent dressing or more frequent changes are used. The cause of high exudate is reviewed.
答え
D · Protect the skin edges and use a more absorbent dressing
答え: C · Sits with support, holds the head steady and shows interest in food
これが答えになる理由
Readiness for solids, usually around 6 months, includes good head control, sitting with support, interest in food and loss of the tongue-thrust reflex. Night waking and teething are not signs of readiness.
答え
C · Sits with support, holds the head steady and shows interest in food
22.小児看護
答え: C · Drink more and add extra salt, because more salt is lost in sweat
これが答えになる理由
Children with CF lose much more salt in sweat than other children and can become salt-depleted and dehydrated in heat or exercise. Extra fluids and salt are advised; exercise is encouraged because it helps airway clearance.
答え
C · Drink more and add extra salt, because more salt is lost in sweat
23.精神看護
答え: A · Keep to his usual routines where possible and prepare him for any changes
これが答えになる理由
Predictability reduces distress. Nurses keep routines, use clear and concrete language, reduce sensory stimulation, use visual supports and work closely with the parents, who know the child best.
答え
A · Keep to his usual routines where possible and prepare him for any changes
24.精神看護
答え: A · Report the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
これが答えになる理由
An impaired nurse is a risk to patients. The concern is reported at once through the proper channel so the colleague can be removed from patient care and offered support through the organisation's procedures.
答え
A · Report the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
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