How should adhesive tape be removed from an older patient's fragile skin?
ABy pulling it away from the wound as hard as possible
BSlowly, low and close to the skin, while supporting the skin
CAfter wetting it with alcohol rub
DQuickly in one firm pull, straight upwards and away from the skin
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
What is the best way to check that a patient has learned to use an inhaler correctly?
AAsk whether they have any questions
BAsk the patient to show how they use it
CAsk whether they have read the leaflet
DAsk them to repeat the drug's name
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Which household item is a strangulation risk for young children?
ALooped cords on window blinds
BSoft cotton socks
CA large wooden building block
DA plastic picture book
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
During bedside handoff, the patient says, “I’m allergic to sulfa drugs,” but no allergy is recorded. What should the nurse do?
AWait until the patient is discharged to update the record
BIgnore it, because the electronic record is more reliable than the patient’s memory
CTell the patient that sulfa drugs are always safe
DClarify the reaction, update the allergy record and tell the prescriber
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Which practice makes a shift handover safest?
AA quick chat in the corridor with no notes taken
BA structured format, such as SBAR, with time for questions
CHanding over only the patients who had problems during the shift
DLeaving a sticky note on the computer screen for the next nurse
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Four laboratory results come back at once. Which one should the nurse report first?
APotassium 3.4 mEq/L in a patient on a diuretic
BGlucose 180 mg/dL after a meal in a patient with diabetes
CHemoglobin 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) in a patient with a GI bleed
DCreatinine 1.3 mg/dL in an older adult, unchanged from last week
7.臨床看護学ふつう
1 型糖尿病の患者が嘔吐し、ほとんど食べていません。正しいシックデイの助言は?
A血糖の確認は 1 日 1 回だけにする
B低血糖を避けるため、普通に食べられるようになるまでインスリンを中止する
Cインスリンを中止せず、血糖とケトンをより頻繁に確認する
D嘔吐を防ぐために水分摂取を半分にする
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with a COPD exacerbation remains acidotic with a high PaCO2 despite optimal medical treatment and controlled oxygen. Which treatment is usually considered next?
ASedation to slow the breathing
BNon-invasive ventilation
CStopping all oxygen therapy
D15 L/min oxygen via a non-rebreathe mask
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
Which finding during a transfusion suggests transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?
AHives and itching without other signs
BBack pain with dark red urine output
CA low temperature and slow heart rate
DCrackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on digoxin has a calcium of 12.1 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) and new nausea and a slow pulse. Why is the calcium result important?
AHigh calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
BHigh calcium makes the kidneys clear digoxin faster
CHigh calcium blocks digoxin, so the drug stops working
DHigh calcium only matters if the potassium is also high
11.薬理学ふつう
Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?
AGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
BGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
CGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol
DGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
12.薬理学むずかしい
In adult cardiac arrest with shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation, which antiarrhythmic is commonly given?
AAdenosine
BAmiodarone
CDigoxin
DVerapamil
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?
AExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways
BUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
CAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks
DTake a beta-blocker before exercise
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
On a ventilated patient, the end-tidal CO₂ waveform suddenly drops to zero. What should the nurse suspect first?
AA rise in the patient's body temperature over the last hour
BNormal variation that needs no action
CTube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
DA sudden improvement in the patient's lung function
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?
AMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
BGive large amounts of IV fluid
CEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids
DCheck the weight once a week
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches foot care to a patient with diabetic neuropathy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will check my feet every day, using a mirror for the soles."
B"I will wear socks and shoes that fit well and do not rub."
C"I will check that the bath water is not too hot using my elbow."
D"I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
When is cold therapy most useful for pain?
ASoon after an acute soft tissue injury, to reduce swelling
BDirectly on skin with poor circulation
COver numb areas where sensation is lost
DFor long-term muscle stiffness, applied continuously for several hours
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A 76-year-old with a past peptic ulcer needs long-term anti-inflammatory treatment for arthritis. Which plan best reduces GI bleeding risk?
AUse the highest NSAID dose to shorten the course
BConsider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI
CTake the NSAID with a glass of milk instead of food
DCombine two different NSAIDs at lower doses
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which is a common sign of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy?
答え: B · Slowly, low and close to the skin, while supporting the skin
これが答えになる理由
Peeling the tape back low and slow while holding the skin reduces the pulling force on fragile skin. Adhesive removers can also help.
答え
B · Slowly, low and close to the skin, while supporting the skin
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Ask the patient to show how they use it
これが答えになる理由
A return demonstration shows whether a psychomotor skill has been learned and lets the nurse correct mistakes. Saying "yes, I understand" does not prove the technique is right.
答え
B · Ask the patient to show how they use it
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Looped cords on window blinds
これが答えになる理由
Young children can become entangled in looped blind and curtain cords. Cordless blinds or cord tie-downs, and keeping cribs away from windows, prevent strangulation.
答え
A · Looped cords on window blinds
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Clarify the reaction, update the allergy record and tell the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
Bedside handoff lets patients correct errors. The nurse asks about the reaction, updates the record and alerts the prescriber and pharmacy so current and future orders can be checked.
答え
D · Clarify the reaction, update the allergy record and tell the prescriber
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · A structured format, such as SBAR, with time for questions
これが答えになる理由
Handover is a high-risk moment for errors. A structured format and the chance to ask questions help the next nurse understand each patient’s condition and priorities.
答え
B · A structured format, such as SBAR, with time for questions
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Hemoglobin 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) in a patient with a GI bleed
これが答えになる理由
A hemoglobin of 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) in a bleeding patient shows severe anemia and may need urgent transfusion. The other results are mildly abnormal or stable.
答え
C · Hemoglobin 6.5 g/dL (65 g/L) in a patient with a GI bleed
In hypercapnic respiratory failure from COPD that persists despite treatment, non-invasive ventilation (bilevel positive pressure) supports ventilation and lowers PaCO2. Stopping oxygen would cause dangerous hypoxia.
答え
B · Non-invasive ventilation
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Crackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
これが答えになる理由
TACO is fluid overload, often in older adults or those with heart or kidney disease. It causes dyspnea, crackles, hypertension, distended neck veins and a raised BNP. The transfusion is stopped, the patient is sat up and diuretics may be prescribed.
答え
D · Crackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · High calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Hypercalcemia, like hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin and raises the risk of toxic arrhythmias. Nausea and bradycardia suggest toxicity, so the nurse holds the dose and reports the findings.
答え
A · High calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
11.薬理学
答え: B · Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
これが答えになる理由
Grapefruit compounds inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, so more simvastatin is absorbed. Higher levels increase the risk of muscle damage; drugs such as some calcium channel blockers and ciclosporin are also affected.
答え
B · Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
12.薬理学
答え: B · Amiodarone
これが答えになる理由
Amiodarone is used for VF or pulseless VT that persists after shocks, with lidocaine as an alternative. Adenosine, digoxin and verapamil have no role in VF.
答え
B · Amiodarone
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Use the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
これが答えになる理由
A short-acting bronchodilator taken shortly before exercise, a gradual warm-up and covering the mouth in cold air help prevent symptoms. Frequent exercise symptoms may mean asthma is poorly controlled and preventer treatment needs review.
答え
B · Use the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Tube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
これが答えになる理由
A sudden loss of the capnography trace means no CO₂ is being detected: the tube may be dislodged, disconnected or blocked, or there may be cardiac arrest. The nurse checks the patient and circuit immediately, hand-ventilates if needed and calls for help.
答え
C · Tube displacement, disconnection or obstruction
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Monitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
これが答えになる理由
In acute glomerulonephritis, salt and water retention cause oedema and hypertension. Close monitoring of BP, input and output and daily weights is needed, often with salt and fluid restriction and antihypertensives.
答え
A · Monitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · "I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."
これが答えになる理由
Medicated corn plasters contain acids that can burn the skin and cause ulcers in people with neuropathy or poor circulation. Corns and calluses should be treated by a podiatrist.
答え
D · "I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Soon after an acute soft tissue injury, to reduce swelling
これが答えになる理由
Cold reduces swelling, bleeding and nerve conduction in acute injuries. It is wrapped and applied for short periods and avoided on areas with poor circulation or sensation. Heat is better for muscle spasm and stiffness.
答え
A · Soon after an acute soft tissue injury, to reduce swelling
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Consider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI
これが答えになる理由
Older age and a previous ulcer greatly increase NSAID-related bleeding. Safer options are considered first; if an NSAID is needed, the lowest effective dose for the shortest time is used with gastroprotection such as a PPI.
答え
B · Consider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Tiredness, pallor and breathlessness
これが答えになる理由
Iron deficiency causes fatigue, pallor, breathlessness, palpitations and sometimes pica. A full blood count and ferritin confirm the diagnosis.
答え: C · A bulging fontanelle, a high-pitched cry, poor feeding and irritability
これが答えになる理由
Young infants with meningitis may have non-specific signs: fever or low temperature, poor feeding, lethargy or irritability, a high-pitched cry and a bulging fontanelle. Neck stiffness is often absent at this age.
答え
C · A bulging fontanelle, a high-pitched cry, poor feeding and irritability
22.小児看護
答え: C · Deep vein thrombosis
これが答えになる理由
Nephrotic syndrome causes a hypercoagulable state through loss of anticoagulant proteins, raised clotting factors and haemoconcentration. A painful, swollen limb suggests thrombosis and needs urgent medical review.
答え
C · Deep vein thrombosis
23.精神看護
答え: D · Valproate raises lamotrigine levels, which increases the risk of a serious rash
これが答えになる理由
Valproate inhibits the metabolism of lamotrigine, roughly doubling its levels. Because lamotrigine rash, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, is linked to rapid dose increases, a slower titration is used.
答え
D · Valproate raises lamotrigine levels, which increases the risk of a serious rash
24.精神看護
答え: B · Report the movements, assess them with a scale such as the AIMS and ask for a medication review
これが答えになる理由
These are signs of tardive dyskinesia, which can be permanent. Early detection and review of the antipsychotic are key; anticholinergic drugs do not treat tardive dyskinesia and may worsen it.
答え
B · Report the movements, assess them with a scale such as the AIMS and ask for a medication review
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 2 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
計算する
D = 2000/60 = 33.33 ≈ 33.3 mcg/min
答え
D = 33.3 mcg/min
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 62.5 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
1 日の総量
7.5·25 = 187.5 mg
1 回あたり
D = 187.5/3 = 62.5 mg
答え
D = 62.5 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 0.72 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
158.4/2.2 = 72 kg
投与量
1·72 = 72 mg
体積
V = (72/100)·1 = 0.72 mL
答え
V = 0.72 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 720 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
流量(mL/h)
30·60/20 = 90 mL/h
体積
V = 90·8 = 720 mL
答え
V = 720 mL
30.点滴速度
答え: D = 40 mcg/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。