Why is a patient with a suspected spinal injury moved by log-rolling?
AIt is the fastest way to turn any patient, whatever their condition
BIt reduces the number of staff needed
CIt lets the patient help with the turn
DIt keeps the head, neck and spine aligned as one unit
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A nurse notices that the power cable of an infusion pump is frayed. What is the correct action?
AUnplug it and put it back in the equipment store
BWrap tape around the cable and keep using it
CTake it out of use, label it as faulty and report it
DUse it only for patients who are not seriously ill
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
患者が処方された薬を拒否したいと言っています。看護師はどうすべきですか?
Aチームから質問されないよう、与薬したと記録する
B理由を聞き、説明し、判断能力のある人の選択を尊重し、記録する
C確実に服用させるため、食べ物や飲み物に薬を隠して混ぜる
D処方されたものなので、とにかく与える
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A woman in late pregnancy is choking and cannot speak or cough. Which technique should the rescuer use?
ABlind finger sweeps
BBack blows only
CAbdominal thrusts
DChest thrusts
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nursing assistant tells the RN that a patient’s IV pump is alarming. What is the best response?
A“Turn the pump off and on again until it stops.”
B“I will come and check the pump and the IV site now.”
C“Silence the alarm and I will check it at the end of the shift.”
D“Increase the rate a little so the alarm clears.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which nursing approach may raise intracranial pressure in a patient with a head injury?
AKeeping the room calm and quiet
BDoing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
CKeeping the head in line with the body
DSpacing out care with rest periods in between activities
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with dysphagia after a stroke has been cleared for a modified diet. How should they be positioned for meals?
ALying on their side with the knees bent
BLying flat on their back with the head turned to one side
CSitting fully upright, and staying upright for a time after eating
DSemi-reclined at about 20 degrees, with the head supported on pillows
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
大手術後の患者の早期の悪化を見つけるのに最も役立つ看護アセスメントは?
A早期警告スコアを用いた定期的なバイタルサイン一式の測定と推移の確認
B1 日 1 回の体温測定
C退院時にだけ創を確認する
D気分がよいかどうかを患者に尋ねるだけ
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has taken a proton pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) for many years and now has muscle cramps and tremor. Which electrolyte is most likely to be low?
AChloride
BPhosphate
CSodium
DMagnesium
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10.5 mmol/L), pH 7.15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?
AHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
BRespiratory acidosis from COPD
CSimple fasting ketosis only
DEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
11.薬理学ふつう
オピオイド中毒に典型的なサインはどれですか?
Aピンホール状の縮瞳
B高い体温
C速く深い呼吸
D大きく散大した瞳孔
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient who used cocaine has chest pain, agitation, a high temperature, sweating, tachycardia and dilated pupils. Which drug class is commonly first-line for the agitation and sympathetic overactivity?
AAnticholinergic drugs
BOpioid antagonists
CAntihistamines
DBenzodiazepines
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
右室梗塞で硝酸薬を非常に慎重に使うのはなぜですか?
Aこの型の梗塞では、硝酸薬が危険な高カリウム血症を起こすから
B右心室は前負荷に依存しており、血圧が急激に低下しうるから
C右心室が侵されていると、硝酸薬が吸収されないから
D硝酸薬が梗塞を左心室へ広げるから
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with a COPD exacerbation has been on NIV for two hours. They are now more drowsy, and the pH has fallen further despite a good mask fit. What should the nurse do?
AContinue NIV unchanged and repeat the blood gas tomorrow morning
BEscalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
CGive a sedative to help the patient tolerate the mask
DRemove the mask and give nebulised bronchodilators only from now on
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient on insulin asks about drinking alcohol. Which advice is correct?
AAlcohol has no effect on blood glucose in people with diabetes
BAlcohol raises glucose, so extra insulin should be taken first
CAlcohol should replace a meal on the days it is drunk
DAlcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with SIADH is taught about a fluid restriction. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"If I feel thirsty, I can drink as much water as I like."
B"I will count all drinks, including soup, in my daily total."
C"I will report any headaches or confusion."
D"I will weigh myself every morning."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?
ABecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
BBecause their surgery always takes longer than others
CTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
答え: D · It keeps the head, neck and spine aligned as one unit
これが答えになる理由
Log-rolling turns the body as a single unit while one person controls the head and neck, protecting a possibly unstable spine.
答え
D · It keeps the head, neck and spine aligned as one unit
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Take it out of use, label it as faulty and report it
これが答えになる理由
Damaged electrical equipment can cause shocks or fires. It is removed from use, clearly labelled and reported for repair, and a safe replacement is found.
答え
C · Take it out of use, label it as faulty and report it
For people in late pregnancy or who are very obese, chest thrusts replace abdominal thrusts because the rescuer cannot get around the abdomen effectively. Blind finger sweeps can push the object deeper.
答え
D · Chest thrusts
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · “I will come and check the pump and the IV site now.”
これが答えになる理由
An alarm may mean an occlusion, air in the line or infiltration. The nurse checks the pump and site; the assistant should not adjust the pump or silence alarms.
答え
B · “I will come and check the pump and the IV site now.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Doing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
これが答えになる理由
Clustering several stimulating activities can cause a sustained rise in intracranial pressure. Spacing care, keeping the neck straight and a calm environment help keep it down.
答え
B · Doing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Sitting fully upright, and staying upright for a time after eating
これが答えになる理由
Sitting upright during and after meals reduces the risk of aspiration. The patient should also be supervised and given the consistency recommended by the speech and language therapist.
答え
C · Sitting fully upright, and staying upright for a time after eating
SGLT2 inhibitors can cause DKA with only mildly raised glucose because glucose is lost in the urine. Ketones and acidosis must be checked in any unwell patient on these drugs, even with a near-normal glucose.確認に用いた資料:Ketones blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
Cocaine causes a sympathomimetic toxidrome. Benzodiazepines reduce agitation, tachycardia, hypertension and hyperthermia, while cooling and cardiac monitoring are also given.
答え: B · Escalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
これが答えになる理由
Worsening acidosis and consciousness on NIV mean treatment is failing. Senior review is needed to decide on intubation and ventilation or, if agreed in advance, a ceiling of care. Ideally the plan for NIV failure is documented when NIV is started. Sedation would depress breathing further.
答え
B · Escalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Alcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
これが答えになる理由
Alcohol reduces the liver's release of glucose, so it increases the risk of hypoglycaemia, which may be delayed for many hours. Patients should eat carbohydrate, check glucose before bed and tell friends that a hypo can look like drunkenness.
答え
D · Alcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · "If I feel thirsty, I can drink as much water as I like."
これが答えになる理由
In SIADH, the body keeps too much water. Drinking freely when thirsty would lower the sodium further. All fluids count towards the restriction. Daily weights and reporting neurological symptoms are correct.
答え
A · "If I feel thirsty, I can drink as much water as I like."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · To shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
Shorter fasting reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia and makes it easier to restart normal eating and medicines. Glucose is monitored, and a variable-rate insulin infusion may be used for longer fasts.
答え
C · To shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
In non-breastfeeding women, stimulation increases milk production. A firm supportive bra, cold packs and mild analgesics help until the engorgement settles in a few days.
答え
A · Wear a supportive bra and use cold packs
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · It is an emergency that usually starts within two weeks
これが答えになる理由
Postpartum psychosis is rare but serious, typically starting suddenly within the first two weeks with mania, confusion, hallucinations or delusions. Bipolar disorder is a major risk factor. Urgent treatment is needed to keep mother and baby safe.
答え
D · It is an emergency that usually starts within two weeks
21.小児看護
答え: B · Rubella in early pregnancy can cause serious birth defects
これが答えになる理由
Congenital rubella syndrome can cause deafness, eye defects such as cataracts, heart defects and developmental problems, especially when infection occurs early in pregnancy. MMR vaccination protects against this.
答え
B · Rubella in early pregnancy can cause serious birth defects
答え: B · "The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
これが答えになる理由
A SMART goal states exactly what the patient will do, how much and by when, so that progress can be evaluated. Vague goals cannot be measured.
答え
B · "The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
24.精神看護
答え: C · Keep the baby safe, never alone with her, and arrange urgent assessment
これが答えになる理由
Postpartum psychosis with delusions about the baby carries a risk of harm to the infant and to the mother. The baby must be kept safe and the mother assessed urgently, usually with admission.
答え
C · Keep the baby safe, never alone with her, and arrange urgent assessment
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
143/2.2 = 65 kg
投与量
5·65 = 325 mg
体積
V = (325/40)·1 = 8.125 ≈ 8.1 mL
答え
V = 8.1 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 97.5 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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