A patient who had a leg amputation says they feel burning pain in the missing foot. What is the best response?
ATell the patient the pain must be imaginary as the foot has gone
BExplain that burning pain in the missing foot shows wound infection
CAdvise that it will be ignored until it stops
DExplain that phantom limb pain is real and arrange treatment
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with severe sepsis becomes increasingly breathless over 24 hours. SpO₂ stays low despite high-flow oxygen, and the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. The heart function is normal. Which condition is most likely?
AAn acute asthma attack
BSpontaneous pneumothorax
CAcute left ventricular failure after an MI
DAcute respiratory distress syndrome
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
腹膜透析液は、使用前にどのように温めますか?
A電子レンジで
B冷蔵庫から出して冷たいまま使う
C専用の乾熱式ウォーマーで
D熱い水道水を張ったボウルで
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis about levothyroxine. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I can stop the tablets once I feel back to normal."
B"I will take the tablets at the same time each day."
C"I will report palpitations or chest pain."
D"I will have regular blood tests to check my dose."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
How should pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules usually be taken?
AWith every meal and snack
BOne hour after meals, on an empty stomach
COnly on days with abdominal pain
DOnce a day at bedtime
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Four patients are on a gastroenterology ward. Which should the nurse see first?
AA patient with GORD who wants an antacid
BA patient with stable ulcerative colitis asking about diet
CA patient with cirrhosis who is newly confused and drowsy
DA patient with an ileostomy waiting to change the pouch
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Why is an indwelling catheter placed before a caesarean birth?
ATo collect a urine sample for culture
BTo measure the baby's fluid balance
CTo keep the bladder empty during surgery
DTo prevent postpartum haemorrhage
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
An 18-year-old at 30 weeks has missed several antenatal visits. What is the most helpful nursing approach?
ADischarge her from antenatal care
BExplore barriers and offer flexible, youth-friendly care
CTell her she is putting her baby at risk and must attend
DReport her to social services for missing visits
21.小児看護ふつう
子どもがトイレトレーニングを始める準備ができていることを示すサインはどれですか?
A約 2 時間乾いた状態でいられる、関心を示す、簡単な指示に従える
B歩けること
C関心を示すかどうかにかかわらず、1 歳の誕生日を迎えて歩けること
D最初の言葉を話すこと
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child on chemotherapy for leukaemia was in close contact with a classmate who has chickenpox. What should the nurse do?
AReassure the family, as chickenpox is mild in all children
BTell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
CGive the live varicella vaccine to the child that same day to boost immunity
DWait to see whether a rash develops before acting
23.精神看護ふつう
Which findings suggest recent cannabis use?
ARed eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth and a fast heart rate
BPinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness
CDilated pupils, high fever and severe muscle rigidity
DSlow heart rate, constricted pupils, drooling and watery eyes
24.精神看護むずかしい
A nurse notices that a colleague smells of alcohol, has slurred speech and is about to give medicines. What should the nurse do?
AGive the colleague some strong coffee and let her continue with the medicine round if she says she feels fine
BWait until the end of the shift, then talk privately with the colleague
CSay nothing, because it is not her responsibility
DReport the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の身長は 5 ft 11 in です。1 ft = 12 in と 1 in = 2.54 cm を使って、身長 h をセンチメートルで、cm の整数に丸めて求めてください。
5 ft 11 in1 ft = 12 in1 in = 2.54 cm
h = cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴は 10 mg/h を投与します。この投与速度 D を mcg/min で表してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
10 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
アドレナリン(エピネフリン)のアンプルに 1:1000(1 mg/mL)と表示されています。指示はアナフィラキシーに対する 0.5 mg の筋注(IM)です。吸い上げる量 V はいくらですか?
1:10000.5 mg
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
体重 28 kg の子どもに、5 mL 中に 250 mg を含む経口懸濁液が一回 20 mg/kg で処方されています。与える量 V はいくらですか?
28 kg20 mg/kg250 mg/5 mL
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
500 mL を 6 時間で投与するよう指示されています。3 時間後、バッグにまだ 310 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 ポンプを何 mL/h の速度 R に設定し直す必要がありますか?
500 mL / 6 h経過時間 3 h: 310 mL
R = mL/h
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 250 mL 中に薬を 250 mg 含み、5 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
250 mg/250 mL5 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 練習用プロトコルでは、体重 57 kg の患者にヘパリン 70 単位/kg をボーラス投与することになっています。バイアルは 5 000 単位/mL です。何 mL V 吸い上げますか? 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
70 個/kg57 kg5 000 個/mL
V = mL
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 400 mg を 250 mL に溶かしたdopamineの輸液が 16 mL/h で投与されています。患者の体重は 70 kg です。患者は何 mcg/kg/min の投与量 D を受けていますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
400 mg/250 mL16 mL/h70 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。水分出納 B = 摂取量 − 排泄量 を mL で求めてください(負の答えは正味の喪失を意味します)。 氷片は体積の半分として数えます。
答え: A · Check the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
これが答えになる理由
Information is shared only with people the patient has agreed to, and the caller's identity is checked as per policy. Often only limited information is given by phone.
答え
A · Check the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Battery (trespass to the person)
これが答えになる理由
Touching or treating a person without valid consent can be battery, even if the treatment was meant to help. This is why consent is needed before care.
答え
C · Battery (trespass to the person)
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · From the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
これが答えになる理由
Urine in the bag is old and may contain extra bacteria, and disconnecting the system lets organisms in. The sample is taken from the sampling port with a sterile syringe after disinfecting the port.
答え
A · From the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Red (immediate)
これが答えになる理由
In START, a non-walking casualty who is breathing more than 30 times a minute is tagged red, immediate. Fast breathing suggests a serious problem that needs urgent treatment.
Fat embolism syndrome usually appears 24–72 hours after a long bone fracture, with breathing problems, confusion and a petechial rash. It needs oxygen and urgent escalation.
答え
B · Fat embolism syndrome
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · A fit-tested respirator mask (such as FFP3 or N95)
これが答えになる理由
Aerosol-generating procedures, such as intubation, release small infectious particles. Respirators that are fit-tested protect the wearer, while surgical masks mainly protect against droplets.
答え
D · A fit-tested respirator mask (such as FFP3 or N95)
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · "I will rub the area firmly after the injection."
これが答えになる理由
Rubbing the site after an anticoagulant injection increases bruising and is avoided. Rotating sites, injecting subcutaneously and reporting bleeding are correct.
答え
A · "I will rub the area firmly after the injection."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · At about 24–28 weeks of pregnancy
これが答えになる理由
Placental hormones increase insulin resistance in the second half of pregnancy, so US guidance recommends screening all women at 24–28 weeks, with earlier testing for those with risk factors. In the UK, NICE recommends an oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks only for women with risk factors.確認に用いた資料:Glucose screening tests during pregnancy · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Gestational diabetes · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え: D · Explain that phantom limb pain is real and arrange treatment
これが答えになる理由
Phantom limb pain is common after amputation and arises from changes in nerves and the brain. It is real and treated with analgesia, including drugs for neuropathic pain, plus measures such as mirror therapy. It does not mean infection.
答え
D · Explain that phantom limb pain is real and arrange treatment
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Acute respiratory distress syndrome
これが答えになる理由
ARDS is acute, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema caused by widespread inflammation, triggered by sepsis, pneumonia, trauma or pancreatitis. It causes severe hypoxaemia that responds poorly to oxygen, with bilateral infiltrates not explained by heart failure. Treatment includes lung-protective ventilation and often prone positioning.
答え: A · "I can stop the tablets once I feel back to normal."
これが答えになる理由
In Hashimoto's thyroiditis the gland is permanently damaged, so levothyroxine is usually lifelong. Feeling well shows that the dose is right, not that the disease is cured. Stopping causes symptoms to return.
答え
A · "I can stop the tablets once I feel back to normal."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · With every meal and snack
これが答えになる理由
Pancreatic enzymes digest fat, protein and carbohydrate, so they are taken with meals and snacks. The dose is adjusted to reduce steatorrhoea and support weight gain.
答え
A · With every meal and snack
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · A patient with cirrhosis who is newly confused and drowsy
これが答えになる理由
New confusion and drowsiness in cirrhosis may be hepatic encephalopathy with a precipitant such as bleeding or infection, and the airway may be at risk. The others are stable.
答え
C · A patient with cirrhosis who is newly confused and drowsy
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · To keep the bladder empty during surgery
これが答えになる理由
An empty bladder reduces the risk of bladder injury during surgery and allows urine output to be monitored. It is usually removed once the woman can walk.
答え
C · To keep the bladder empty during surgery
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Explore barriers and offer flexible, youth-friendly care
これが答えになる理由
Teenagers may miss care because of school, transport, fear or stigma. Asking about barriers and offering flexible, non-judgemental services improves attendance and outcomes.
答え
B · Explore barriers and offer flexible, youth-friendly care
答え: B · Tell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
これが答えになる理由
In immunosuppressed children, chickenpox can cause severe pneumonia, hepatitis and encephalitis. After exposure, the team may give varicella-zoster immunoglobulin or antivirals. Live varicella vaccine is not given during chemotherapy.
答え
B · Tell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
23.精神看護
答え: A · Red eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth and a fast heart rate
これが答えになる理由
Cannabis intoxication typically causes conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, tachycardia, impaired coordination and altered perception of time. High doses can cause anxiety or psychosis.
答え
A · Red eyes, increased appetite, dry mouth and a fast heart rate
24.精神看護
答え: D · Report the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
これが答えになる理由
An impaired nurse is a risk to patients. The concern is reported at once through the proper channel so the colleague can be removed from patient care and offered support through the organisation's procedures.
答え
D · Report the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 180 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
インチでの身長
5·12 + 11 = 71 in
インチからセンチメートルへ
h = 71·2.54 = 180.3 ≈ 180 cm
答え
h = 180 cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 166.7 mcg/min
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 10 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
計算する
D = 10000/60 = 166.7 mcg/min
答え
D = 166.7 mcg/min
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 0.5 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
体重から求めた投与量
20·28 = 560 mg
体積
V = (560/250)·5 = 11.2 mL
答え
V = 11.2 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 103.3 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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