A patient has a new plaster cast that is still drying. How should the nurse handle it?
AWith the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
BBy resting it directly on a hard surface
CWith the fingertips, pressing firmly to test it
DBy covering it tightly with a plastic sheet
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with septic shock remains hypotensive, with a mean arterial pressure of 58 mmHg, after adequate IV fluids. What should the nurse anticipate?
AAn oral fluid challenge with a sports drink
BA beta-blocker to slow the heart rate
CA vasopressor, such as norepinephrine, to raise the pressure
DA loop diuretic to remove the extra fluid that has been given
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with COPD and known carbon dioxide retention needs a nebulised bronchodilator. How should it usually be given?
AOnly with the patient lying flat
BDriven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
CDriven by high-flow oxygen at 15 L/min for as long as possible
DWithout monitoring oxygen saturation
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient is admitted with suspected meningococcal disease. Which infection control measure is usually needed?
AIsolation only after the patient has gone home
BDroplet precautions until 24 hours of effective antibiotics have been given
CAirborne precautions with a negative-pressure room for the whole hospital stay
DNo precautions, because it is not contagious
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient without symptoms has a fasting plasma glucose of 132 mg/dL (7.3 mmol/L) on Monday and 138 mg/dL (7.7 mmol/L) on Thursday. What does this show?
A patient is switched from oral to intravenous morphine. Why is the IV dose lower than the oral dose?
AOral morphine has a large first-pass effect, so less reaches the blood
BIV morphine is a stronger chemical form of the drug
CThe oral route causes tolerance faster than the IV route
DIV morphine is excreted much more slowly by the kidney than oral morphine
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
After an above-knee amputation, which measure helps prevent a hip flexion contracture?
AKeeping the hip bent to reduce stump swelling
BKeeping a pillow under the stump at all times, day and night
CLying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump
DSitting in a chair for most of the day with the hips bent
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient has new chest pain at rest. The ECG shows ST depression, but serial troponins remain normal. Which diagnosis fits best?
AUnstable angina
BStable angina
CST-elevation myocardial infarction
DNon-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
グラルギンなどの持効型基礎インスリンについて正しい記述はどれですか?
A炭水化物をカバーするため、大きな食事の後にのみ投与する
B超速効型インスリンと同じ注射器で混ぜる
C1型糖尿病では、食事をとらないときでも続ける
D注射の約30分後に、鋭い作用のピークがある
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?
ALower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
BGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
CContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour
DStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
肝硬変における、ナトリウム制限とスピロノラクトンの役割は何ですか?
Aカリウムの喪失を増やし、高カリウム血症を予防すること
Bナトリウムと水分の貯留を減らし、腹水を抑えること
C血圧を上げ、腎血流を改善すること
D血中アンモニアを下げ、脳症を治療すること
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?
ALie the patient flat with the legs raised
BEncourage the patient to drink more fluids
CStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate
DIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A newborn has a cleft lip and palate. Which feeding approach is most appropriate?
ASpecial teats and an upright position
BWithholding feeds until surgery
CFeeding lying flat on the back
DFeeding only with a spoon from birth
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman 1 day after a caesarean asks how to hold her baby for breastfeeding without pressure on her wound. Which position is best?
ALying flat on her back with the baby on her abdomen
BStanding up while breastfeeding
CThe cradle hold with the baby across the incision
DThe football (rugby) hold or side-lying
21.小児看護ふつう
A child with suspected appendicitis is waiting for surgery. Which action must the nurse avoid?
APutting a heat pad on the abdomen
BKeeping the child nil by mouth
CRegular pain assessment
DGiving IV fluids as prescribed
22.小児看護むずかしい
A 12-year-old with asthma has been prescribed a preventer inhaler (inhaled corticosteroid) to take every day. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I stop taking my preventer inhaler whenever I've had a few good days."
B"I carry my reliever inhaler with me everywhere I go."
C"I rinse my mouth after using my preventer inhaler."
D"I use my spacer with my inhaler, even at school."
23.精神看護ふつう
Which goal for a patient with depression is written in a SMART way?
A"The patient will improve her mood and sleep and start exercising more at some point."
B"The patient will feel better soon."
C"The patient will be happier."
D"The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
24.精神看護むずかしい
オランザピンを服用している患者の体重が 3 か月で 8 kg 増え、口渇と頻尿を訴えています。看護師はどうすべきですか?
A水を飲む量を減らすよう助言する
B処方者に知らせず、ただちにオランザピンを中止する
C血糖検査を手配し、処方者に知らせる
D薬とは無関係だと安心させる
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の体温は 36.5 °C です。°F = °C × 9/5 + 32 を使って華氏 T に換算してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
36.5 °C
T = °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 23:25 に始まり、翌朝の 05:30 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何分 t 続きましたか。
23:2505:30
t = min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
アドレナリン(エピネフリン)のプレフィルドシリンジに 1:10 000(0.1 mg/mL)と表示されています。指示は心停止に対する 1 mg の静注(IV)です。投与する量 V はいくらですか?
1:10 0001 mg
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
点滴は 250 mL 中に薬を 50000 単位含みます。指示は 1 時間あたり 800 単位です。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか?
50000 個/250 mL800 個/h
R = mL/h
29.点滴速度ふつう
20 滴/mL の輸液セットで 500 mL を 3 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
500 mL3 h20 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 250 mL 中に薬を 400 mg 含み、20 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
400 mg/250 mL20 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 練習用プロトコルでは、体重 94 kg の患者にヘパリン 70 単位/kg をボーラス投与することになっています。バイアルは 1 000 単位/mL です。何 mL V 吸い上げますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
70 個/kg94 kg1 000 個/mL
V = mL
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 56 kg の患者に、norepinephrineを 10 mcg/min で投与する指示が出ています。バッグには 250 mL 中に 4 mg が含まれています。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
4 mg/250 mL10 mcg/min56 kg
R = mL/h
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 8 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。水分出納 B = 摂取量 − 排泄量 を mL で求めてください(負の答えは正味の喪失を意味します)。
答え: B · Crushing removes the coating that protects the stomach or drug
これが答えになる理由
Enteric coatings stop the tablet dissolving until it reaches the small intestine, protecting the stomach lining or the drug from stomach acid. Crushing destroys this protection.
答え
B · Crushing removes the coating that protects the stomach or drug
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · プラス 600 mL
これが答えになる理由
2400 − 1800 = +600 mL で、プラスバランスです。汗や呼吸などの不感蒸泄は測定されないため、実際の出納は表に示されるより少なくなります。
答え
B · プラス 600 mL
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
これが答えになる理由
Home sharps go into a puncture-resistant container, such as an approved sharps container or a rigid plastic bottle if local rules allow, which is closed and disposed of according to local guidance.
答え
B · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
答え: A · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
これが答えになる理由
A wet plaster cast can be dented by fingertips, causing pressure points under the cast. It is handled with the palms, supported on pillows and left uncovered to dry.
答え
A · With the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · A vasopressor, such as norepinephrine, to raise the pressure
これが答えになる理由
If hypotension continues after fluid resuscitation, a vasopressor such as norepinephrine is started to keep the MAP at least 65 mmHg. Diuretics and beta-blockers would worsen perfusion.
答え
C · A vasopressor, such as norepinephrine, to raise the pressure
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Driven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
これが答えになる理由
Nebulisers driven by high-flow oxygen can raise PaCO2 in patients at risk. Air-driven nebulisers are used, with supplementary oxygen via nasal cannulae to keep saturation in the target range.
答え
B · Driven by compressed air, with oxygen given separately if needed
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · Droplet precautions until 24 hours of effective antibiotics have been given
これが答えになる理由
Neisseria meningitidis spreads through droplets and close contact. Droplet precautions are used until 24 hours of effective antibiotics, and public health arranges prophylaxis for close contacts.
答え
B · Droplet precautions until 24 hours of effective antibiotics have been given
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · The results meet the criteria for diabetes
これが答えになる理由
Two fasting results of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or more confirm diabetes in a person without symptoms. Prediabetes is 100–125 mg/dL. The nurse helps the patient understand the next steps, including education and follow-up.確認に用いた資料:Diabetes · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え: A · Oral morphine has a large first-pass effect, so less reaches the blood
これが答えになる理由
Much of an oral morphine dose is metabolised by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation. Equianalgesic tables are used, so the IV dose is a fraction of the oral dose.
答え
A · Oral morphine has a large first-pass effect, so less reaches the blood
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Lying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump
これが答えになる理由
Prolonged hip flexion, such as long periods sitting or a pillow under the stump, can lead to a fixed contracture that makes fitting a prosthesis difficult. Lying prone for periods, keeping the hip extended and early physiotherapy help prevent it.
答え
C · Lying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Unstable angina
これが答えになる理由
Unstable angina is new, worsening or rest angina without a troponin rise. It is an acute coronary syndrome and is managed urgently because it can progress to infarction. Stable angina is predictable and exertional. NSTEMI has a rising troponin.
答え: A · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
これが答えになる理由
Loss of sympathetic tone causes orthostatic hypotension after high spinal injuries. The patient is reclined, and later raised gradually, often with compression stockings, an abdominal binder and sometimes medicines.
答え
A · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
答え: C · Stop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate
これが答えになる理由
Older patients and those with heart or kidney disease can develop fluid overload. The nurse stops fluids, sits the patient up, gives oxygen if needed and asks for medical review, often for diuretics.
答え
C · Stop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Special teats and an upright position
これが答えになる理由
Babies with a cleft palate often need specialised bottles or teats, an upright feeding position, frequent burping and support from a cleft team. Some babies with a cleft lip only can breastfeed.
答え
A · Special teats and an upright position
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · The football (rugby) hold or side-lying
これが答えになる理由
The football hold places the baby along her side, and side-lying avoids any pressure on the abdomen. A pillow over the wound also helps.
答え
D · The football (rugby) hold or side-lying
21.小児看護
答え: A · Putting a heat pad on the abdomen
これが答えになる理由
Heat on the abdomen and laxatives or enemas are avoided in suspected appendicitis because they can increase the risk of perforation. Nil by mouth, IV fluids, analgesia and close monitoring are appropriate.
答え
A · Putting a heat pad on the abdomen
22.小児看護
答え: A · "I stop taking my preventer inhaler whenever I've had a few good days."
これが答えになる理由
Preventer (inhaled corticosteroid) inhalers reduce airway inflammation and must be taken daily as prescribed, even when the child feels well. Carrying a reliever, rinsing the mouth and using a spacer are correct.
答え
A · "I stop taking my preventer inhaler whenever I've had a few good days."
23.精神看護
答え: D · "The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
これが答えになる理由
A SMART goal states exactly what the patient will do, how much and by when, so that progress can be evaluated. Vague goals cannot be measured.
答え
D · "The patient will walk with staff for 15 minutes once a day by Friday."
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
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