Which of these is recorded as fluid intake on a fluid balance chart?
AIntravenous fluids
BVomit
CUrine output from a catheter
DWound drainage
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
The intact skin over a patient's heel is deep purple and feels boggy. What should be suspected?
AA normal bruise from a minor knock
BA suspected deep tissue injury
CA fungal skin infection
DA category 1 pressure ulcer that will heal by itself
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
In the US (EPA/OSHA) hazmat system, which level of PPE gives the highest level of protection?
ALevel B
BLevel D
CLevel C
DLevel A
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient restrained because of violent behavior is now calm, oriented and following instructions. What should the nurse do?
ARemove the restraints, because the reason for them has ended
BRemove one restraint each day to test the patient’s behavior
CKeep the restraints until the order expires
DKeep the restraints until the next provider visit
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
股関節置換術の 2 日後の患者に対して、看護助手が行うのに適切な業務はどれですか?
A股関節の禁忌肢位を守りながら、患者が椅子に移るのを手伝う
B前回の鎮痛薬で痛みが抑えられたかを評価する
C退院前に、股関節の禁忌肢位を患者に指導する
D切開部の発赤、熱感、排液を観察する
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient suddenly has severe pain in one leg. The leg is pale and cold with no pedal pulse. What does this suggest?
AA muscle cramp that will pass with stretching
BChronic venous insufficiency that needs elevation
CAcute arterial occlusion, which is an emergency
DA deep vein thrombosis that can be treated next week
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient is receiving IV fluids for several days. Which monitoring is essential?
AWeekly temperature and a single blood glucose reading
BFluid balance, regular weights and urea, creatinine and electrolytes
CMonthly HbA1c
DPeak flow readings
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with a possible neck injury after a fall needs their airway opened. Which manoeuvre is preferred?
AHyperextending the neck
BTurning the head to one side
CJaw thrust
DHead tilt with chin lift
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A urine culture report states "mixed growth of three organisms, likely contamination." What is the nurse's best response?
AInform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
BRecord the result as a confirmed urinary tract infection
CStart treatment for all three organisms with three antibiotics
DDiscard the report, because a mixed growth is always normal
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
硫酸マグネシウムの静脈内投与中に、中毒を早期に発見するのに最も役立つアセスメントはどれですか?
A膝蓋腱反射、呼吸数、尿量
B1 時間ごとの血糖と瞳孔の大きさ
C1 時間ごとの皮膚の色と毛細血管再充満時間
D腸蠕動音と腹囲
11.薬理学ふつう
A 19-year-old starts an SSRI for depression. Which is most important for the nurse to monitor during the first weeks?
AHearing loss and tinnitus
BNew or worsening suicidal thoughts or agitation
CBlood glucose before every meal and at bedtime
DDaily bowel movements only
12.薬理学むずかしい
A baby born to a mother on methadone becomes irritable on day 2, with a high-pitched cry, tremors, sneezing and poor feeding. What is the most likely cause?
ANeonatal hypoglycaemia from maternal diabetes
BVitamin K deficiency bleeding
CNeonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
DNormal newborn behaviour
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?
AFlat on the back with the legs raised
BLying on the affected side with the head down
CProne with the arms by the sides
DSitting upright and leaning forward over a table
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A smoker has severe shoulder and arm pain, a drooping eyelid, a small pupil and reduced sweating on the same side of the face. What should be suspected?
AA tumour at the apex of the lung (Pancoast tumour)
BA simple migraine
CA stroke affecting the brainstem on the opposite side
Why are carbohydrate drinks often given before surgery in enhanced recovery programmes?
ATo make the bowels open before the operation
BTo raise the blood pressure during the anaesthetic
CTo reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
DTo replace the need for any IV fluids afterwards
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with active cancer on chemotherapy develops new swelling and pain in one calf. Why must this be reported promptly?
ACancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
BThe swelling shows the cancer has gone
CCalf swelling is a normal effect of chemotherapy
DIt is only a muscle strain from walking
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which baby is at greatest risk of early-onset group B streptococcal infection?
AA baby born by planned caesarean with intact membranes
BA baby born at 40 weeks to a mother with no risk factors
CA baby of a GBS-positive mother with no antibiotics
DA baby whose mother was GBS-negative at 36 weeks
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman has cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in pregnancy. Which outcome in the baby is a major concern?
AOpen neural tube defects such as spina bifida
BClubfoot only
CHearing loss and developmental delay
DPhenylketonuria
21.小児看護ふつう
Which defect classically causes a continuous "machinery" murmur?
APatent ductus arteriosus
BTetralogy of Fallot
CAtrial septal defect
DIsolated pulmonary stenosis with an intact ventricular septum
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child with extensive burns is receiving IV fluid resuscitation. Which finding best shows that fluid replacement is adequate?
AThe blood pressure is in the high range
BA urine output of about 1 mL/kg per hour
CThe child is asking for a drink
DThe burned skin looks less red and the blisters are smaller
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient who has just been admitted says, "I don't want to talk to anyone." What is the best initial nursing approach?
ATell the patient that talking is required to be discharged
BLeave the patient alone until he asks to talk
CAsk a series of direct questions until he answers
DSpend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
24.精神看護むずかしい
A 10-year-old eats only a few foods and refuses others because he fears choking after a frightening episode. He is losing weight but has no concerns about body shape. Which diagnosis fits best?
Intake includes oral fluids, enteral feeds and IV fluids, including drug infusions. Urine, vomit, drainage and stool are output.
答え
A · Intravenous fluids
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · A suspected deep tissue injury
これが答えになる理由
A purple or maroon area of intact skin, often firm or boggy, suggests deep tissue injury from pressure and shear. It can quickly become a deep open ulcer, so pressure must be removed at once.
答え
B · A suspected deep tissue injury
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Level A
これが答えになる理由
Level A is a fully encapsulating, vapor-tight suit with self-contained breathing apparatus, used for unknown or highly toxic agents. Level D is ordinary work clothing with minimal protection.
答え
D · Level A
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Remove the restraints, because the reason for them has ended
これが答えになる理由
Restraints are used only as long as needed to keep people safe. Once the patient no longer presents a danger, the restraints are removed, even if the order has not yet expired.
答え
A · Remove the restraints, because the reason for them has ended
答え: C · Acute arterial occlusion, which is an emergency
これが答えになる理由
Sudden pain, pallor, coldness and loss of pulse suggest an embolus blocking an artery. The limb can be lost within hours, so the nurse escalates immediately.
答え
C · Acute arterial occlusion, which is an emergency
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Fluid balance, regular weights and urea, creatinine and electrolytes
これが答えになる理由
IV fluids can cause overload or electrolyte imbalance. Fluid balance charts, weight, clinical assessment and blood tests guide the prescription.
答え
B · Fluid balance, regular weights and urea, creatinine and electrolytes
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · Jaw thrust
これが答えになる理由
A jaw thrust opens the airway with minimal neck movement. The cervical spine is protected with manual in-line stabilisation, although opening the airway still takes priority if it remains obstructed.
答え
C · Jaw thrust
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Inform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
これが答えになる理由
Several organisms in one urine sample usually mean contamination from the skin or perineum during collection. The provider is informed, and a new clean-catch or catheter-port sample is usually needed before an infection can be confirmed.
答え
A · Inform the provider and arrange a new, correctly collected sample
答え: B · New or worsening suicidal thoughts or agitation
これが答えになる理由
Antidepressants can increase suicidal thinking in young people, especially early in treatment or after dose changes. Close follow-up and a clear plan for reporting such thoughts are essential.
答え
B · New or worsening suicidal thoughts or agitation
12.薬理学
答え: C · Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
これが答えになる理由
After birth the baby no longer receives opioid from the mother and develops withdrawal. Assessment uses a scoring tool, with non-drug care first and opioid treatment if signs are severe.
答え
C · Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Sitting upright and leaning forward over a table
これが答えになる理由
Sitting upright and leaning forward on a bedside table widens the intercostal spaces at the back and lets the fluid settle at the base. If the patient cannot sit, lying on the unaffected side may be used.
答え
D · Sitting upright and leaning forward over a table
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · A tumour at the apex of the lung (Pancoast tumour)
これが答えになる理由
A tumour in the lung apex can invade the brachial plexus (shoulder and arm pain) and the sympathetic chain, causing Horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, reduced sweating). It is a classic presentation of lung cancer that needs urgent imaging.
答え
A · A tumour at the apex of the lung (Pancoast tumour)
答え: C · To reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
これが答えになる理由
Carbohydrate loading the night before and a few hours before surgery reduces thirst, hunger and postoperative insulin resistance. It is not used in every patient, for example some with diabetes.
答え
C · To reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Cancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
これが答えになる理由
Cancer, chemotherapy, central lines and immobility increase the risk of DVT and PE. Unilateral leg swelling needs assessment with ultrasound and possible anticoagulation.
答え
A · Cancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · A baby of a GBS-positive mother with no antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
GBS colonisation, no intrapartum antibiotics, prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal fever and prematurity increase the risk. Intrapartum IV antibiotics greatly lower early-onset GBS disease.
答え
C · A baby of a GBS-positive mother with no antibiotics
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Hearing loss and developmental delay
これが答えになる理由
Congenital CMV is a leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss and can cause microcephaly and developmental delay. Hand hygiene after contact with young children's saliva and urine reduces the risk.
答え
C · Hearing loss and developmental delay
21.小児看護
答え: A · Patent ductus arteriosus
これが答えになる理由
In a patent ductus arteriosus, blood flows from the aorta to the pulmonary artery throughout the cardiac cycle because aortic pressure is always higher. This produces a continuous, machinery-like murmur.
答え
A · Patent ductus arteriosus
22.小児看護
答え: B · A urine output of about 1 mL/kg per hour
これが答えになる理由
Urine output, usually measured by catheter, is the main guide to fluid resuscitation in burns. In children, an output of about 1 mL/kg/hour suggests adequate perfusion; fluids are adjusted to keep it in the target range.
答え
B · A urine output of about 1 mL/kg per hour
23.精神看護
答え: D · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
これが答えになる理由
Short, frequent, predictable contacts show acceptance and help build trust. Forcing conversation increases anxiety, while leaving the patient alone can reinforce withdrawal.
答え
D · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
24.精神看護
答え: C · Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
これが答えになる理由
ARFID involves avoiding or restricting food because of sensory features, lack of interest or fear of consequences such as choking, leading to weight loss or nutritional problems. Unlike anorexia, there is no disturbance in body image.
答え
C · Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
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