BIt is taken only during an acute attack and stopped as soon as the pain settles
CIt lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
DIt increases uric acid production to flush out crystals
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why is vancomycin given by mouth, not intravenously, for Clostridioides difficile infection?
AThe oral form is cheaper but has the same effect as IV
BOral vancomycin is not absorbed, so it reaches high levels in the colon
COral vancomycin is absorbed into the blood better than IV vancomycin
DIntravenous vancomycin causes C. difficile infection
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
AA child with a viral sore throat
BA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure
CA tall, thin young man who smokes
DAn older woman with long-standing heart failure
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient on spironolactone and an ACE inhibitor has a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L (6.8 mEq/L) with peaked T waves. What is usually given first to protect the heart?
AIntravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
BOral potassium supplements
CA dose of digoxin
DAn IV furosemide bolus as the only treatment
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
What is the main purpose of continuous bladder irrigation after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?
ATo give the patient extra fluids
BTo measure the size of the bladder
CTo stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
DTo treat a urinary infection after the operation
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches foot care to a patient with diabetic neuropathy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will check that the bath water is not too hot using my elbow."
B"I will check my feet every day, using a mirror for the soles."
C"I will wear socks and shoes that fit well and do not rub."
D"I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
全身麻酔の後、患者が回復室に着いたときの最優先事項は何ですか?
A気道と呼吸
B薬歴
C創のドレッシングとドレーン
D水を飲ませること
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with a leg ulcer has an ABPI of 0.5. The doctor's plan mentions starting strong compression bandages. What should the nurse do?
AApply compression but only at night
BApply the strongest compression to speed healing
CWithhold strong compression and discuss urgent vascular referral
DApply compression and elevate the leg above the heart all day
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
子宮底がぶよぶよと柔らかく、臍より上にあり、右に偏位しています。最も考えられる原因はどれですか?
A会陰の裂傷
B左側に胎盤組織が遺残していること
C膀胱の充満
D産後 1 日目の正常な所見
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
Which finding in a newborn at 6 hours requires the most urgent action?
ACentral cyanosis, fast breathing and grunting
BMild moulding of the head
CAcrocyanosis of the hands and feet
DSmall white milia on the nose and chin
21.小児看護ふつう
A newborn with suspected oesophageal atresia is drooling frothy saliva. What is the immediate nursing care?
ALay the baby flat and give the next feed slowly through a teat
BGive a full feed by bottle and observe for vomiting afterwards
CKeep the baby nil by mouth, raise the head and suction the upper pouch as needed
DOffer small sips of sterile water to check whether the baby can swallow
22.小児看護むずかしい
The safe dose range of a drug is 25–50 mg/kg per day, divided every 8 hours. A 12 kg child is prescribed 250 mg every 8 hours. What should the nurse do?
AGive the dose, because 250 mg is within the range for a single dose
BGive the dose, because the minimum safe daily dose is 300 mg
CGive half the dose and inform the prescriber at the next round
DContact the prescriber, because 750 mg a day is above the maximum of 600 mg
23.精神看護ふつう
Shortly after a sexual assault, a woman in the emergency department is calm, quiet and answers questions in a flat voice. How should the nurse interpret this?
AShe is probably exaggerating the seriousness of what happened, because she does not seem upset
BHer calmness shows that the assault did not happen
CShe is not distressed and does not need any support
DA controlled response is a common reaction in the acute phase after assault
答え: B · Give each medicine separately and flush with water between them
これが答えになる理由
Each drug is prepared and given separately, with water flushes before, between and after, to prevent tube blockage and drug interactions. A pharmacist advises on suitable forms.
答え
B · Give each medicine separately and flush with water between them
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · It helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
これが答えになる理由
Near misses show weaknesses in systems, such as confusing packaging or poor checks. Reporting them in a no-blame culture lets the organisation learn and prevent future harm.
答え
C · It helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
答え: C · Relieve pressure on the area by changing position regularly
これが答えになる理由
Non-blanching redness is a stage 1 pressure injury. Relieving pressure through repositioning and support surfaces is the priority; massage can damage tissue further.
答え
C · Relieve pressure on the area by changing position regularly
答え: B · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
これが答えになる理由
In nephrotic syndrome, damaged glomeruli leak protein, so albumin falls and fluid moves into tissues, causing oedema. Cholesterol is often raised too.
答え
B · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · 一部は過剰な酸素による高二酸化炭素性呼吸不全
これが答えになる理由
CO2 が貯留する患者に酸素を制御せずに与えると、高二酸化炭素血症と呼吸性アシドーシスが悪化することがあります。酸素は 88~92% に調整し、非侵襲的換気の可能性も含めて医師の診察を求めます。
答え
B · 一部は過剰な酸素による高二酸化炭素性呼吸不全
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Have the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
これが答えになる理由
The collection starts with an empty bladder, so the first void is discarded and the time recorded. All urine for the next 24 hours is saved, including a final void at the end time. If urine is discarded by mistake, the collection usually has to restart.確認に用いた資料:Urine 24-hour volume · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Have the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
答え: C · It lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
これが答えになる理由
Allopurinol reduces urate production and is taken daily to prevent attacks. Acute attacks are treated with NSAIDs, colchicine or corticosteroids, and a new rash on allopurinol must be reported.
答え
C · It lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
12.薬理学
答え: B · Oral vancomycin is not absorbed, so it reaches high levels in the colon
これが答えになる理由
Oral vancomycin stays in the gut and acts directly on C. difficile in the colon. IV vancomycin is not excreted into the gut in useful amounts, so it does not treat this infection.
答え
B · Oral vancomycin is not absorbed, so it reaches high levels in the colon
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · A tall, thin young man who smokes
これが答えになる理由
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax usually occurs in tall, thin young men, often smokers, when small apical blebs rupture. Secondary pneumothorax occurs in people with lung disease such as COPD and tends to be more serious.
答え
C · A tall, thin young man who smokes
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Intravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
これが答えになる理由
Severe hyperkalaemia with ECG changes is an emergency. IV calcium stabilises the myocardium within minutes. Insulin with glucose and nebulised salbutamol shift potassium into cells, and the cause (here spironolactone and the ACE inhibitor) is stopped. Cardiac monitoring is essential.
答え
A · Intravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · To stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
これが答えになる理由
After TURP, the raw prostate bed bleeds, and clots can block the catheter and cause retention and bladder spasms. Continuous irrigation through a three-way catheter keeps the drainage flowing.
答え
C · To stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · "I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."
これが答えになる理由
Medicated corn plasters contain acids that can burn the skin and cause ulcers in people with neuropathy or poor circulation. Corns and calluses should be treated by a podiatrist.
答え
D · "I will buy corn plasters from the pharmacy for my corn."
答え: C · Withhold strong compression and discuss urgent vascular referral
これが答えになる理由
An ABPI of 0.5 suggests severe arterial disease, and strong compression could cause limb ischaemia. The nurse raises the concern and the patient is referred to vascular specialists.
答え
C · Withhold strong compression and discuss urgent vascular referral
答え: A · Central cyanosis, fast breathing and grunting
これが答えになる理由
Central cyanosis, tachypnoea and grunting indicate respiratory distress and need immediate assessment, oxygen and evaluation for causes such as infection, heart disease or lung problems.
答え
A · Central cyanosis, fast breathing and grunting
21.小児看護
答え: C · Keep the baby nil by mouth, raise the head and suction the upper pouch as needed
これが答えになる理由
Nothing is given by mouth because it would pool and be inhaled. The head is raised and a tube in the upper pouch is used for continuous or frequent suction, while the baby is prepared for surgery.
答え
C · Keep the baby nil by mouth, raise the head and suction the upper pouch as needed
22.小児看護
答え: D · Contact the prescriber, because 750 mg a day is above the maximum of 600 mg
これが答えになる理由
Safe range = 12 × 25 to 12 × 50 = 300–600 mg/day. Prescribed = 250 × 3 = 750 mg/day, which is above the maximum. The nurse withholds the dose and clarifies with the prescriber, never adjusting it alone.
答え
D · Contact the prescriber, because 750 mg a day is above the maximum of 600 mg
23.精神看護
答え: D · A controlled response is a common reaction in the acute phase after assault
これが答えになる理由
In the acute phase of rape trauma syndrome, survivors may show an expressive reaction, such as crying or anger, or a controlled one, appearing calm or numb. Both are normal responses and need the same support.
答え
D · A controlled response is a common reaction in the acute phase after assault
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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