A patient receiving cisplatin is given large volumes of IV fluid before and after each dose. What is the main purpose?
ATo prevent hair loss
BTo prevent bleeding
CTo increase drug absorption from the gut
DTo reduce kidney damage
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
The telemetry monitor suddenly shows a chaotic waveform resembling ventricular fibrillation, but the patient is talking and brushing their teeth. What should the nurse do first?
AStart chest compressions straight away and call the arrest team
BDeliver an immediate defibrillation shock before checking anything
CGive IV amiodarone as a bolus
DCheck the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?
AIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
BDisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
CChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate
DSilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which complication is a particular risk in nephrotic syndrome?
AVenous thrombosis
BLow cholesterol
CHypoglycaemia
DBleeding from low platelets
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient on warfarin starts levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What should the nurse expect to monitor more closely?
AThe potassium, because it may rise
BThe blood glucose, because it may fall
CThe urine output, because it may stop
DThe INR, because it may rise
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which is a common side effect of opioids, especially when given by epidural or spinal route?
AItching
BRinging in the ears
CHair growth
DIncreased hunger
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with cirrhosis takes spironolactone and furosemide. Which blood result should the nurse report before the next dose?
ASodium 141 mmol/L
BPotassium 4.2 mmol/L
CSodium 138 mmol/L
DPotassium 6.0 mmol/L
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
卵膜が破れたばかりです。看護師が最初にアセスメントすべきものは何ですか?
A女性の体温
B子宮頸部の展退度
C胎児心拍数
D羊水の色だけ
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
看護師が最初にアセスメントすべき産後の女性はどれですか?
A2 日目:授乳中のさしこむ痛み
B3 日目:乳房が張って硬く、圧痛がある
C出産 1 時間後:心拍数 118 回/分で、子宮底がぶよぶよしている
D1 日目:硬貨より小さい凝血が数個ある中等量の赤色悪露
21.小児看護ふつう
What should the nurse do before giving a dose of digoxin to an infant?
AMeasure the temperature and give the dose only if there is no fever
BMeasure the blood pressure and give the dose only if it is above the normal range
CCount the apical pulse for a full minute and check it against the prescribed limits
DCount the radial pulse for 15 seconds and multiply by four
答え: D · Check responsiveness and look for injuries before moving them
これが答えになる理由
The nurse first calls for help and assesses the patient, including for head and hip injury. The patient is moved only when safe, using proper equipment, and the doctor is informed.
答え
D · Check responsiveness and look for injuries before moving them
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Fever increases unmeasured fluid loss through sweating and breathing
これが答えになる理由
Insensible losses through the skin and lungs are not measured and rise with fever and fast breathing. A balanced chart can therefore hide a real fluid deficit.
答え
B · Fever increases unmeasured fluid loss through sweating and breathing
答え: B · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
これが答えになる理由
A sudden improvement in mood with giving away belongings can mean the person has made a plan. The nurse assesses suicide risk directly, increases observation and informs the team.
答え
B · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · “Suctioning a new tracheostomy is my task; I will do it myself.”
これが答えになる理由
Care of a new tracheostomy, including suctioning, involves airway risk and assessment, so the RN keeps it. Leaving it to the family or the next shift is unsafe.
答え
C · “Suctioning a new tracheostomy is my task; I will do it myself.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · “Check his glucose and give the insulin according to the sliding scale.”
これが答えになる理由
Giving insulin is medication administration and needs a licensed nurse. Measuring glucose, hygiene and supervised walking are suitable tasks with clear reporting instructions.
答え
B · “Check his glucose and give the insulin according to the sliding scale.”
答え: D · "A big meal just before bed is fine if I take my tablet."
これが答えになる理由
Large late meals increase reflux even when a PPI is taken. Raising the head of the bed, losing weight and reducing alcohol are correct measures.
答え
D · "A big meal just before bed is fine if I take my tablet."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Absolute neutrophil count
これが答えになる理由
Clozapine can cause severe neutropenia (agranulocytosis), so the ANC is checked before starting and regularly during treatment. A sore throat, fever or other sign of infection must be reported at once.
答え
A · Absolute neutrophil count
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · ワルファリンの作用を増強する薬物相互作用
これが答えになる理由
いくつかの抗菌薬は、ワルファリンの分解を減らすか、ビタミン K を作る腸内細菌を変えることで、ワルファリンの作用を増強します。そのような薬を開始するときは、INR をより頻回にモニタリングします。食事のビタミン K が増えれば、INR は低下します。
Cisplatin is nephrotoxic, and hydration helps protect the kidneys. It also causes ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, severe nausea and low magnesium.
答え
D · To reduce kidney damage
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Check the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
これが答えになる理由
Movement, loose electrodes and muscle activity can create artefact that looks like VF. A conscious, talking patient cannot be in VF. The nurse assesses the patient and checks the leads and electrodes, then reattaches them if needed.
答え
D · Check the patient and the electrodes, as this is likely artefact
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Disconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
これが答えになる理由
When a ventilated patient deteriorates suddenly, bag-valve ventilation with 100% oxygen takes the ventilator out of the picture. The nurse then checks for displacement, obstruction, pneumothorax and equipment failure (often remembered as DOPE) and calls for senior help.
答え
B · Disconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Venous thrombosis
これが答えになる理由
In nephrotic syndrome, anticoagulant proteins such as antithrombin are lost, and clotting factors made by the liver rise, so venous thrombosis is more likely. Infection and high cholesterol are other complications.
答え
A · Venous thrombosis
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · The INR, because it may rise
これが答えになる理由
As thyroid function returns to normal, clotting factors are broken down faster, which increases the effect of warfarin. The INR is checked more often and the warfarin dose may need to be reduced.
答え
D · The INR, because it may rise
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Itching
これが答えになる理由
Pruritus is common with neuraxial opioids. Other common effects include nausea, urinary retention, constipation and sedation; respiratory depression is the most serious.
答え
A · Itching
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Potassium 6.0 mmol/L
これが答えになる理由
Spironolactone blocks aldosterone and can cause hyperkalaemia, which risks arrhythmias. A potassium of 6.0 mmol/L is above the normal range (about 3.5–5.0) and needs urgent review before further doses.
答え: C · Count the apical pulse for a full minute and check it against the prescribed limits
これが答えになる理由
Digoxin slows the heart rate and has a narrow therapeutic range. The apical pulse is counted for a full minute before each dose, and the dose is withheld and reported if the rate is below the limit set by the prescriber or local policy.
答え
C · Count the apical pulse for a full minute and check it against the prescribed limits
答え: C · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
これが答えになる理由
Short, frequent, predictable contacts show acceptance and help build trust. Forcing conversation increases anxiety, while leaving the patient alone can reinforce withdrawal.
答え
C · Spend short, regular periods with the patient without forcing conversation
24.精神看護
答え: A · Protect the airway and keep him safe from injury
これが答えになる理由
During a seizure, the nurse protects the airway, removes nearby hazards, does not restrain or put anything in the mouth, and calls for help. Alcohol withdrawal seizures are most likely in the first 48 hours.
答え
A · Protect the airway and keep him safe from injury
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 38 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.