BTo stop the airways and secretions from drying out
CTo make the oxygen more concentrated before it reaches the lungs
DTo add medicine to the oxygen
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient with COPD and a known risk of hypercapnia is acutely breathless with an SpO₂ of 82%. What is correct?
AGive controlled oxygen, e.g. via a Venturi mask, aiming for 88–92%
BGive the highest oxygen flow possible and aim for 100%
CWait for an arterial blood gas result before giving any oxygen at all
DWithhold oxygen completely, because oxygen is dangerous in COPD
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
How should a nurse handle soiled bed linen?
AHold it away from the uniform and place it straight into a linen bag
BShake it out first to check for lost items
CCarry it bundled against the body to the soiled utility room down the hall
DPut it on the floor until the bed is made
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient on airborne precautions for tuberculosis wants to walk in the hallway. What is the best response?
AAllow it, as long as the patient wears an N95 respirator in the corridor
BAllow it, as long as they walk quickly
CAllow it, if they avoid the nurses’ station
DExplain that they must stay in the room, and offer ways to stay active inside it
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient is in skeletal traction. Which finding needs the nurse to act?
AThe weights are resting on the floor
BThe weights are hanging freely
CThe ropes are in the pulleys
DThe patient’s body is in line with the traction
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
看護師が最初に診るべき子どもはどれですか?
A下肢にギプスをつけていて、飲み物を求めている学童
B体温が 38.4 °C だが、おもちゃで遊んでいる幼児
Cピークフローが自己最良値の 90 % の、喘息の 10 代の若者
D鼻翼呼吸、陥没呼吸があり、SpO₂ が 89 % の RS ウイルス感染症の乳児
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Why can a very low serum albumin contribute to oedema?
AIt increases the number of red cells
BIt raises the blood pressure in the capillaries and pushes fluid out
CIt makes the kidneys retain potassium
DIt lowers the oncotic pressure that holds fluid in the blood vessels
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
抗凝固薬を使用中の患者が転倒して頭を打ちましたが、元気そうに見えます。正しい対応は?
A元気そうなので何もしない
B抗凝固薬を追加で投与する
C観察なしで眠るよう勧める
D医師の診察と、おそらく CT 検査を手配し、神経学的観察を行う
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?
APhosphate
BUric acid
CMagnesium
DSodium bicarbonate
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4.6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?
AThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high
BThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes
CHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high
DShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
11.薬理学ふつう
During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?
AA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
BAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
CA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
DAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
12.薬理学むずかしい
アミオダロンの長期治療に特徴的な副作用の組み合わせはどれですか?
A耳毒性と腎毒性
B空咳と血管浮腫
C歯肉増殖と多毛
D甲状腺機能異常と肺線維症
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Virchow's triad describes three factors that promote venous thrombosis. Which patient factor represents venous stasis?
ADamage to a vein during hip surgery
BAn inherited clotting disorder
CTaking an oestrogen-containing pill
DImmobility after major surgery
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A nurse looked after a patient for a shift before smear-positive pulmonary TB was diagnosed, without wearing a respirator. What should happen?
ATake no action, as healthcare workers are immune to TB
BReport it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening
CStart a full six-month course of TB drugs at once without any tests
DStay off work for six months in case symptoms develop
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
What is the main purpose of continuous bladder irrigation after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?
ATo treat a urinary infection after the operation
BTo measure the size of the bladder
CTo stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
DTo give the patient extra fluids
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches a woman with recurrent UTIs. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will wipe from front to back."
B"I will hold my urine for as long as I can."
C"I will pass urine soon after sex."
D"I will drink enough fluids during the day."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
What is achalasia?
AA tear at the junction of the oesophagus and the stomach
BFailure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax on swallowing
CWeakness of the lower oesophageal sphincter that allows reflux
DInflammation of the oesophagus caused by a fungal infection
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
During a nasogastric feed, a patient starts coughing and SpO₂ falls from 96% to 89%. What should the nurse do first?
ALay the patient flat to help them rest
BStop the feed and assess the airway and breathing
CGive a drink of water to clear the throat
DIncrease the feed rate to finish it sooner
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
After a circumcision, which finding should be reported?
AMild swelling of the glans
BFussiness at the first nappy change
CActive bleeding that soaks a nappy
DA yellowish film over the glans on day 2
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
Which statement by a pregnant woman with gestational diabetes shows she understands her care?
A"I can skip meals if my glucose is high in the morning."
B"Insulin will harm my baby, so I will refuse it."
C"My baby's growth will not need monitoring."
D"I will check my glucose as shown and record it."
21.小児看護ふつう
A baby with developmental dysplasia of the hip has a Pavlik harness. Which teaching is correct?
AApply powder and lotion under the straps to protect the skin
BTighten the straps each week as the baby grows
CKeep it on as instructed, do not adjust the straps and check the skin daily
DTake it off every night so the baby can sleep more comfortably and move freely
22.小児看護むずかしい
A family speaks little English. Their 10-year-old offers to translate during a discussion about consent for his sister's surgery. What should the nurse do?
AUse simple English and gestures only
BLet the 10-year-old translate to save time
CAsk another patient's visitor who speaks the language
答え: B · To stop the airways and secretions from drying out
これが答えになる理由
Dry gas at high flow dries the mucous membranes and thickens secretions. Humidification keeps the airways moist and secretions easier to clear.
答え
B · To stop the airways and secretions from drying out
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Give controlled oxygen, e.g. via a Venturi mask, aiming for 88–92%
これが答えになる理由
Oxygen must not be withheld from a hypoxic patient. In those at risk of hypercapnia it is given in a controlled way to a target of 88–92%, with blood gases checked.
答え
A · Give controlled oxygen, e.g. via a Venturi mask, aiming for 88–92%
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Hold it away from the uniform and place it straight into a linen bag
これが答えになる理由
Soiled linen is rolled up, held away from the uniform and placed directly into a laundry bag at the bedside. Shaking linen spreads organisms into the air, and the floor is a contaminated surface.
答え
A · Hold it away from the uniform and place it straight into a linen bag
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Explain that they must stay in the room, and offer ways to stay active inside it
これが答えになる理由
Patients on airborne precautions stay in the negative-pressure room with the door closed, leaving only for essential tests while wearing a surgical mask. The nurse explains why and helps the patient cope with confinement.
答え
D · Explain that they must stay in the room, and offer ways to stay active inside it
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · The weights are resting on the floor
これが答えになる理由
Traction weights must hang freely to keep a constant pull. Weights resting on the floor stop the traction working; they are never removed without a prescription.
答え: D · It lowers the oncotic pressure that holds fluid in the blood vessels
これが答えになる理由
Albumin creates oncotic pressure, drawing fluid into the capillaries. When it is low, as in liver disease, nephrotic syndrome or malnutrition, fluid leaks into the tissues.
答え
D · It lowers the oncotic pressure that holds fluid in the blood vessels
Loop diuretics block the Na-K-2Cl transporter in the loop of Henle, where much magnesium and calcium are also reabsorbed. They therefore commonly cause hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, and they can raise uric acid and bicarbonate.確認に用いた資料:Magnesium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
C · Magnesium
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Short red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
これが答えになる理由
HbA1c reflects glucose attached to hemoglobin over the red cell life span. In hemolysis, red cells are younger and have less time to bind glucose, so HbA1c is falsely low. Glucose monitoring or other markers are used instead.確認に用いた資料:The A1C Test & Diabetes · NIDDK (NIH) (2018); Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Short red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
11.薬理学
答え: B · An infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
Rapid vancomycin infusion releases histamine, causing flushing and itching of the upper body (formerly called "red man syndrome"). It is managed by stopping or slowing the infusion, and sometimes with an antihistamine.
答え
B · An infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
Virchow's triad is stasis of blood, vessel wall injury and hypercoagulability. Immobility, long journeys and heart failure cause stasis. Surgery and trauma injure vessel walls. Oestrogen, cancer, pregnancy and inherited thrombophilias increase coagulability.
答え
D · Immobility after major surgery
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Report it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening
これが答えになる理由
Contact tracing includes staff exposed without respiratory protection. Occupational health assesses the risk, checks for symptoms and arranges testing (for example IGRA) at suitable intervals. Treatment is offered for latent infection if found. Exposed people do not usually need to stop work unless they become unwell.
答え
B · Report it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · To stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
これが答えになる理由
After TURP, the raw prostate bed bleeds, and clots can block the catheter and cause retention and bladder spasms. Continuous irrigation through a three-way catheter keeps the drainage flowing.
答え
C · To stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · "I will hold my urine for as long as I can."
これが答えになる理由
Holding urine allows bacteria to multiply. Regular voiding, good fluid intake, passing urine after intercourse and wiping front to back help reduce recurrence.
答え
B · "I will hold my urine for as long as I can."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax on swallowing
これが答えになる理由
In achalasia, peristalsis is lost and the lower oesophageal sphincter does not relax, causing dysphagia to both solids and liquids, regurgitation and weight loss. Treatments include dilatation and surgical myotomy.
答え
B · Failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax on swallowing
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Stop the feed and assess the airway and breathing
これが答えになる理由
Coughing and desaturation suggest aspiration or a displaced tube. The feed is stopped, the patient is sat up, oxygen is given as needed, and medical review and checking of tube position follow.
答え
B · Stop the feed and assess the airway and breathing
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Active bleeding that soaks a nappy
これが答えになる理由
A yellow film is normal granulation tissue, and mild swelling and fussiness are common. Persistent bleeding, signs of infection or failure to pass urine should be reported.
答え
C · Active bleeding that soaks a nappy
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · "I will check my glucose as shown and record it."
これが答えになる理由
Regular glucose monitoring with records guides treatment changes. Skipping meals can cause hypoglycaemia and ketosis, insulin does not cross the placenta in a meaningful amount, and fetal growth is monitored.
答え
D · "I will check my glucose as shown and record it."
21.小児看護
答え: C · Keep it on as instructed, do not adjust the straps and check the skin daily
これが答えになる理由
The Pavlik harness holds the hips flexed and abducted so the joint can develop normally. It is usually worn full-time as directed; only the clinic adjusts the straps. Skin is checked daily, and lotions and powders are avoided.
答え
C · Keep it on as instructed, do not adjust the straps and check the skin daily
22.小児看護
答え: D · Arrange a professional interpreter
これが答えになる理由
Professional interpreters ensure accurate, confidential communication and informed consent. Using children as interpreters is avoided because they may not understand medical terms and it places an inappropriate burden on them.
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
3 tbsp = 3·15 = 45 mL
2½ tsp = 2.5·5 = 12.5 mL
2 カップ = 2·240 = 480 mL
½ fl oz = 0.5·30 = 15 mL
足す
V = 45 + 12.5 + 480 + 15 = 552.5 mL
答え
V = 552.5 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 700 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
投与量
10·70 = 700 mg
答え
D = 700 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V₁ = 80 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
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