After six weeks of treatment for tuberculosis, a patient has nausea, dark urine and yellow eyes. What should the nurse do?
AWithhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
BAdvise taking the tablets with an alcoholic drink to settle the stomach
CDouble the isoniazid dose to clear the infection faster
DReassure the patient that the urine colour is due to rifampicin
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
When the nurse squeezes the trapezius muscle, the patient brings a hand up above the collarbone towards the stimulus. Which GCS motor score is this?
A5, localises to pain
B3, abnormal flexion
C6, obeys commands
D4, withdraws from pain
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
The day after a lumbar puncture, a patient has a headache that is severe when standing and almost gone when lying flat. Temperature and neck movement are normal. What is the most likely cause?
AA subarachnoid haemorrhage
BBacterial meningitis from the procedure
CPost-dural puncture headache
DA migraine triggered by stress
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
How are skin staples usually removed from a healed incision?
AOnly the staples at each end, leaving the others for good
BThe staples are left in permanently under the skin
CAlternate staples first, then the rest if the wound holds
DAll staples at once by pulling each one straight up from the skin
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient has sharp, tearing pain on passing stool, "like passing glass", with a streak of fresh blood. Which condition is most likely?
After a cardiac catheterisation through the femoral artery, which assessment is essential?
ABowel sounds, abdominal girth and stool colour every 15 minutes for the first hours
BPupil size and reaction every 15 minutes
CPulse, colour, warmth and sensation of the leg below the puncture site
DUrine specific gravity at every void
22.小児看護むずかしい
The mother of a 5-day-old breastfed baby asks how she can tell her baby is getting enough milk. Which answer is best?
AHer breasts should always feel full and hard between feeds
BAbout 6 or more wet nappies a day, regular yellow stools and steady weight gain
CThe baby should feed for exactly 10 minutes on each side at every feed, day and night
DThe baby should sleep through the night without waking for feeds
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient with limited English needs a mental health assessment. Who should interpret?
AThe nurse, using an online translation app on her phone for the whole assessment
BAnother patient on the ward who speaks the language
CA trained professional interpreter
DThe patient's 12-year-old son
24.精神看護むずかしい
In the working phase of the relationship, a patient who has been talking openly starts missing sessions and changes the subject whenever her childhood is mentioned. What is the best interpretation?
AShe no longer needs any help, so the sessions should end at once
BShe is being rude to the nurse on purpose and should be warned
CThe nurse has made a serious mistake and should hand her care to a colleague immediately
DShe may be showing resistance as painful topics come closer, which the nurse can gently explore
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重の換算結果は 98.7335 kg です。 この練習問題のルールは「体重は、キログラムの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
98.7335 kg
x = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 処方箋に、経口懸濁液 1日3回 を ½ tsp、7 日間と書かれています。懸濁液は 100 mL のボトルで供給されます。1 tsp = 5 mL を用いて、期間を完了するために供給しなければならないボトルは何本 N ですか(整数)。
½ tsp1日3回7 日100 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 80 kg で、1 回量として 5 mg/kg が指示されています。投与量 D を mg で求めなさい。
80 kg5 mg/kg
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
点滴は 500 mL 中に薬を 40000 単位含みます。指示は 1 時間あたり 1000 単位です。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか?
40000 個/500 mL1000 個/h
R = mL/h
29.点滴速度ふつう
20 滴/mL の輸液セットで 500 mL を 10 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
500 mL10 h20 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
点滴が 20 滴/mL のセットで 40 滴/分で落ちています。バッグには 900 mL 残っています。あと何時間 t で空になりますか?
40 gtt/min20 gtt/mL900 mL
t = h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 練習用プロトコルでは、体重 110 kg の患者にヘパリン 60 単位/kg をボーラス投与することになっています。バイアルは 5 000 単位/mL です。何 mL V 吸い上げますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
60 個/kg110 kg5 000 個/mL
V = mL
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 83 kg の患者に、norepinephrineを 2 mcg/min で投与する指示が出ています。バッグには 250 mL 中に 4 mg が含まれています。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
4 mg/250 mL2 mcg/min83 kg
R = mL/h
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。
答え: C · Stop the transfusion and keep the IV open with normal saline via new tubing
これが答えになる理由
For any suspected transfusion reaction, the nurse stops the transfusion at once, keeps the vein open with normal saline through new tubing and informs the provider and blood bank.
答え
C · Stop the transfusion and keep the IV open with normal saline via new tubing
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Red (immediate)
これが答えになる理由
In JumpSTART, a respiratory rate below 15 or above 45 per minute makes the child immediate (red). Children breathe faster than adults, so the adult cut-off of 30 is not used.
答え
A · Red (immediate)
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · To check the wound stays closed before removing the rest
これが答えになる理由
Removing alternate sutures allows the nurse to see whether the wound edges stay together. If they begin to separate, the remaining sutures can be left and the team informed.
答え
A · To check the wound stays closed before removing the rest
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
これが答えになる理由
Hypertension usually needs long-term treatment; stopping because readings are normal often makes blood pressure rise again. Patients should discuss any changes with their prescriber.
答え
A · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Blood culture bottles
これが答えになる理由
Blood cultures are drawn first to reduce contamination. A standard order of draw then follows (citrate, serum, heparin, EDTA, fluoride), which prevents additives being carried from one tube into the next and distorting results.
答え
B · Blood culture bottles
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · 出血
これが答えになる理由
4 g/dL を超える低下と速い心拍数は、出血が続いていることを示唆します。看護師は創部とドレーンをアセスメントし、バイタルサインをモニタリングして、緊急にエスカレーションします。輸液によるある程度の希釈はよくありますが、これほどではなく、頻脈も伴いません。確認に用いた資料:Hemoglobin Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · 出血
11.薬理学
答え: D · Kidney function and thyroid function
これが答えになる理由
Lithium can impair kidney function and cause hypothyroidism. Kidney function, thyroid function and calcium are checked regularly, along with lithium levels.
答え
D · Kidney function and thyroid function
12.薬理学
答え: D · Amiodarone
これが答えになる理由
Amiodarone is used for VF or pulseless VT that persists after shocks, with lidocaine as an alternative. Adenosine, digoxin and verapamil have no role in VF.
答え: A · Withhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
これが答えになる理由
Isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide can all cause hepatotoxicity. Jaundice, dark urine and nausea suggest drug-induced hepatitis, so the drugs are stopped and liver function is checked urgently. Orange urine from rifampicin does not cause yellow eyes. Alcohol increases the risk.
答え
A · Withhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · 5, localises to pain
これが答えになる理由
Localising to pain (5) means a purposeful movement towards the source of pain. Withdrawal (4) is pulling away, abnormal flexion (3) is decorticate posturing, and obeying commands (6) needs no pain at all. A central stimulus, such as a trapezius squeeze, is used to test for localising.
答え
A · 5, localises to pain
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Post-dural puncture headache
これが答えになる理由
A positional headache after a lumbar puncture, without fever or neck stiffness, fits a CSF leak. It is managed with rest, fluids, analgesia and caffeine, and an epidural blood patch if it persists. Fever or neck stiffness would suggest infection instead.
答え
C · Post-dural puncture headache
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Alternate staples first, then the rest if the wound holds
これが答えになる理由
Removing alternate staples first allows the nurse to check that the wound edges stay together. If the wound is secure, the rest are removed, and adhesive strips can be applied for support.
答え
C · Alternate staples first, then the rest if the wound holds
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Anal fissure
これが答えになる理由
An anal fissure causes severe pain during and after defecation with bright red blood. Treatment includes stool softeners, fibre and topical treatment to relax the sphincter.
答え: C · Pulse, colour, warmth and sensation of the leg below the puncture site
これが答えになる理由
After catheterisation, the nurse checks the puncture site for bleeding and the affected leg for pulses, colour, temperature and sensation to detect clotting or bleeding. The leg is kept straight for the time set by local policy.
答え
C · Pulse, colour, warmth and sensation of the leg below the puncture site
22.小児看護
答え: B · About 6 or more wet nappies a day, regular yellow stools and steady weight gain
これが答えになる理由
After the first few days, signs of good intake include at least about 6 heavy wet nappies a day, frequent yellow stools, contented behaviour after feeds and weight gain. Most babies regain their birth weight by about 2 weeks.
答え
B · About 6 or more wet nappies a day, regular yellow stools and steady weight gain
23.精神看護
答え: C · A trained professional interpreter
これが答えになる理由
Professional interpreters translate accurately and keep confidentiality. Family members, especially children, may filter information and should not interpret sensitive assessments such as those about suicide or abuse.
答え
C · A trained professional interpreter
24.精神看護
答え: D · She may be showing resistance as painful topics come closer, which the nurse can gently explore
これが答えになる理由
Resistance, such as avoiding topics or missing sessions, is common in the working phase when anxiety-provoking issues arise. The nurse notes the pattern without blame and explores it with the patient at her pace.
答え
D · She may be showing resistance as painful topics come closer, which the nurse can gently explore
2:1 房室ブロック:QRS 1 つに P 波が 2 つあるとき、伝導した P 波が連続しないので、伝導されなかった P 波の前で PR が延びるか(I 型)、一定か(II 型)を判断できません。1 枚の波形からは 2:1 房室ブロックと呼びます。型は、より長い波形や伝導比の変化で決まります。QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、どちらも決め手にはなりません。
5つのステップ
1. 心拍数:R–R = 小さいマス目 38 個、1500 ÷ 38 ≈ 39 回/分。
2. リズム:整。すべての R–R は 1.52 秒です。
3. P波:陽性で整(P–P 0.76 秒、79 回/分)。QRS 1つにつき2個あります。
4. PR 間隔:伝導された拍では 0.18 秒で一定です。
5. QRS:0.08 秒で幅が狭い(0.12 秒未満)。
型が決まらない理由
2 つに 1 つの P 波が伝導されないので、伝導した拍動が連続せず、PR の延長を確認できません。
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
答え
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、決め手になるのは、より長い波形か伝導比の変化だけです。
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