A patient has marked generalized edema. Results show heavy proteinuria, serum albumin 1.8 g/dL (18 g/L) and total cholesterol 340 mg/dL (8.8 mmol/L). Which condition fits best?
AAcute pyelonephritis
BNephrotic syndrome
CPrerenal kidney injury
DLiver cirrhosis only
11.薬理学ふつう
ドキシサイクリンを牛乳や制酸薬と同時に飲んではいけないのはなぜですか?
A牛乳が酵素を誘導して、肝臓での分解を速めるから
B制酸薬が有毒な化合物に変えるから
Cカルシウムなどの金属イオンが結合し、吸収が減るから
D組み合わせると重い便秘を起こすから
12.薬理学むずかしい
ワルファリン服用中の患者がリファンピシンを飲み始めました。起こりうる影響は?
Aリファンピシンは吸収されないので影響はない
Bワルファリンがビタミン K に変わる
Cワルファリンの代謝が遅れ INR が上がる
Dワルファリンの代謝が速まり INR が下がる
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?
AImmediately after the scope is removed
BWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned
COnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
DAfter a full 24 hours without food
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
An older inpatient develops sudden fever, muscle aches and a dry cough during the winter influenza season. Which plan is most appropriate?
ALeave them in the open bay and give a course of antibiotics only
BIsolate with droplet precautions, test and expect early antivirals
CIsolate only if they develop a rash
DWait a week to see whether the symptoms settle before testing
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?
AStop all insulin until normal eating restarts
BCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better
CKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
Why is an ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before compression bandaging for a leg ulcer?
ATo find out how deep the ulcer is
BTo exclude significant arterial disease
CTo find the bacteria in the wound
DTo check for a leg bone fracture
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with diabetes has rapidly spreading redness around a small wound, severe pain out of proportion, fever and crackling under the skin. What should the nurse suspect?
AMild contact dermatitis
BA simple insect bite
CA healing venous ulcer
DNecrotising fasciitis
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A preterm baby at 30 weeks has repeated pauses in breathing of more than 20 seconds. Which drug is commonly used?
APhenobarbital
BNaloxone hydrochloride
CCaffeine citrate
DAtropine sulfate
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn is jaundiced at 12 hours of age. The mother is blood group O, Rh-positive and the baby is group A, Rh-positive with a positive direct Coombs test. What is the most likely cause?
ARh isoimmunisation
BPhysiological jaundice
CBreast milk jaundice
DABO incompatibility
21.小児看護ふつう
口唇裂の修復手術後に、縫合部を守る看護行為はどれですか?
Aかさぶたを取るために、乾いた粗い布で縫合部を 1 日に何度も拭く
Bすぐにおしゃぶりを吸わせる
C赤ちゃんをうつぶせで寝かせる
D赤ちゃんをあおむけまたは横向きにし、口に物を入れないようにする
22.小児看護むずかしい
Two weeks after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted, an infant has a fever, irritability and redness along the shunt tract. What should the nurse suspect?
ANormal healing; no action needed
BAn allergy to the hospital soap
CTeething, which explains the fever and the irritability
DShunt infection; report it urgently
23.精神看護ふつう
Which statement about benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders is correct?
AThey take 4–6 weeks to have any effect on anxiety, like antidepressants
BThey are safe to stop suddenly after many months of daily use
CThey are the preferred long-term treatment for generalised anxiety disorder
DThey give rapid relief but are generally used only short-term because of tolerance and dependence
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient with schizophrenia reports chest pain. A colleague says, "He's always complaining. It's just anxiety." What should the nurse do?
AAssess him physically, with vital signs and an ECG if indicated
BTell him to lie down in his room, rest and stop worrying so much about his health
CIgnore the complaint until he mentions it again
DAgree with the colleague and give him a PRN anxiolytic
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある新生児の体重は 6 lb 13 oz です。1 lb = 16 oz と 1 kg = 2.2 lb を使って、体重 m をキログラムで求めてください。小数第2位に丸めてください。
6 lb 13 oz1 lb = 16 oz1 kg = 2.2 lb
m = kg
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 18:35 に始まり、翌朝の 05:25 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何分 t 続きましたか。
18:3505:25
t = min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 13 kg の患者の体表面積は 0.64 m² です。処方は 100 mg/m² です。用量 D を mg で求めなさい。
Rescuers look, listen and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If breathing is absent or not normal, they call for help and start CPR.
答え
D · No more than 10 seconds
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · It is deceptive; the pain should be assessed and treated
これが答えになる理由
Using a placebo without consent deceives the patient and damages trust. Response to a placebo does not prove the pain is not real. The patient's report should be believed and reassessed.
答え
B · It is deceptive; the pain should be assessed and treated
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
これが答えになる理由
A loose needle is a hazard to everyone who handles the linen. The nurse disposes of it safely without recapping, using an instrument if needed, and reports the incident so the cause can be addressed.
答え
C · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
Thiamine deficiency is common in heavy alcohol use, and giving glucose without thiamine can trigger Wernicke encephalopathy. Thiamine is given before or with glucose.
答え
D · Thiamine (vitamin B1)
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · 尿路感染症で、新たに錯乱し、呼吸数が 26 回/分、収縮期血圧が 94 mmHg の患者
答え: B · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
これが答えになる理由
In nephrotic syndrome, damaged glomeruli leak protein, so albumin falls and fluid moves into tissues, causing oedema. Cholesterol is often raised too.
答え
B · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · Diabetes insipidus
これが答えになる理由
Cranial diabetes insipidus is a lack of ADH, so the kidneys cannot concentrate urine. Water loss raises sodium; strict fluid balance and replacement are needed.
Nephrotic syndrome is heavy proteinuria with low albumin, edema and high lipids. Low albumin reduces oncotic pressure, causing edema, and the liver increases lipoprotein production. There is also a higher risk of clots and infection.確認に用いた資料:Nephrotic syndrome · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え: B · When the gag and cough reflexes have returned
これが答えになる理由
Local anaesthetic sprayed on the throat abolishes the gag and cough reflexes for a time, so food or fluid could be aspirated. The nurse checks that the reflexes have returned (often after about one to two hours) before giving sips of water and then food.
答え
B · When the gag and cough reflexes have returned
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Isolate with droplet precautions, test and expect early antivirals
これが答えになる理由
Influenza spreads mainly by droplets and contact, so the patient is isolated with droplet precautions and tested. Antivirals such as oseltamivir work best if started early, ideally within 48 hours of symptoms, and are recommended for hospitalised and high-risk patients. Vaccination of staff and patients reduces outbreaks.
答え
B · Isolate with droplet precautions, test and expect early antivirals
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Keep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
これが答えになる理由
Stress hormones during illness raise glucose and ketones. Stopping insulin can quickly lead to DKA. Patients keep taking basal insulin, test glucose and ketones often, drink fluids and seek help if ketones rise or vomiting persists.
答え
C · Keep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
ABPI compares ankle and arm systolic pressures. A low ABPI suggests arterial disease, where compression could cause ischaemia, so assessment is needed before compression therapy.
答え
B · To exclude significant arterial disease
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Necrotising fasciitis
これが答えになる理由
Necrotising soft tissue infection spreads rapidly along fascial planes and can cause septic shock. It is a surgical emergency needing urgent debridement, IV antibiotics and sepsis care.
答え
D · Necrotising fasciitis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Caffeine citrate
これが答えになる理由
Apnoea of prematurity results from an immature respiratory centre. Caffeine citrate stimulates breathing and reduces apnoea episodes. Gentle stimulation is used during an episode.
答え
C · Caffeine citrate
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · ABO incompatibility
これが答えになる理由
Group O mothers have anti-A and anti-B antibodies that can cross the placenta and haemolyse the red cells of a group A or B baby. Early jaundice with a positive direct Coombs test suggests haemolysis. Both are Rh-positive, so Rh disease is excluded.
Shunt infections usually occur within the first months after surgery and may show fever, redness or swelling along the tract, poor feeding and irritability, sometimes with signs of shunt blockage. Urgent assessment, cultures and antibiotics are needed.
答え
D · Shunt infection; report it urgently
23.精神看護
答え: D · They give rapid relief but are generally used only short-term because of tolerance and dependence
これが答えになる理由
Benzodiazepines act quickly by enhancing GABA, but long-term use leads to tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. SSRIs and psychological therapy are first-line long-term treatments for most anxiety disorders.
答え
D · They give rapid relief but are generally used only short-term because of tolerance and dependence
24.精神看護
答え: A · Assess him physically, with vital signs and an ECG if indicated
これが答えになる理由
People with serious mental illness have higher rates of heart disease and die younger than the general population. Physical complaints must be assessed properly to avoid diagnostic overshadowing.
答え
A · Assess him physically, with vital signs and an ECG if indicated
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: m = 3.1 kg
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
投与量
D = 100·0.64 = 64 mg
答え
D = 64 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: D = 221 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
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