When giving several medicines through a feeding tube, what is correct?
AGive each medicine separately and flush with water between them
BCrush every tablet, including modified-release ones
CGive them without flushing to save time
DMix them all together in the feed so they are given at the same time
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient with diabetes has had foot-care teaching. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll check my feet every day, using a mirror if needed."
B"I'll wear shoes that fit well and never walk barefoot."
C"I'll soak my feet in hot water every evening."
D"I'll dry carefully between my toes after washing."
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has leftover opioid tablets after surgery. Which advice about disposal is best?
AGive them to a friend or relative who has back pain
BKeep them in an unlocked drawer at home in case of future pain
CReturn them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
DLeave them in the bathroom cabinet indefinitely
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse caring for a patient with influenza on droplet precautions will assist with an aerosol-generating procedure, such as bronchoscopy. What change in PPE is needed?
ANo change, because influenza only needs droplet precautions
BWear two surgical masks, one on top of the other, for the length of the procedure
CWear gloves only, because the procedure is short
DWear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Which patient with diabetes should the nurse see first?
ANeeds foot care teaching before discharge tomorrow
BGlucose 210 mg/dL (11.7 mmol/L) after a large lunch, feels well
CHbA1c result of 8.2%, asking about diet
DGlucose 48 mg/dL (2.7 mmol/L), sweating and confused
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An adult choking on food is coughing forcefully and can speak a little. What should the nurse do?
AEncourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
BGive abdominal thrusts straight away until the food comes out
CSweep the mouth blindly with a finger
DGive the patient water to wash the food down
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Why are patients with atrial fibrillation often given anticoagulants?
ATo reduce the risk of stroke from clots in the atria
BTo slow the heart rate directly and prevent palpitations
CTo convert the rhythm back to normal
DTo lower the blood pressure
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient has a painful, punched-out ulcer on the toes, with a cold, pale foot and weak foot pulses. Which type of ulcer is most likely?
AA pressure ulcer from bed rest
BA venous ulcer
CA burn
DAn arterial ulcer
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
肝不全の患者が、ワルファリンを服用していないのに INR が上昇することがあるのはなぜですか?
A腎臓が、血液中から凝固因子を排除しなくなる
Bビリルビンが、凝固因子を直接破壊する
Cアルブミンは凝固因子であり、その値が低下する
D肝臓が大半の凝固因子を作るため、産生が低下する
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse prepares a patient for a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test tomorrow morning. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll fast overnight but can drink plain water"
B"I can have a light breakfast before the test"
C"I'll avoid smoking until the test is over"
D"I'll stay seated during the test if I can"
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient with suspected sepsis has blood cultures ordered and a first antibiotic dose due. What should the nurse do?
AGive the antibiotic only if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F)
BGive the antibiotic first, then take blood cultures the next day
CTake the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
DWait for the culture results before giving any antibiotic
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient on disulfiram becomes flushed, nauseated and has palpitations after using a mouthwash. What is the most likely cause?
ALow blood glucose from skipping breakfast
BAlcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction
CDisulfiram toxicity from taking too many tablets by mistake
DAn allergy to mint flavouring in the mouthwash
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
患者が咳をしていないときでも、胸腔ドレーンの水封室で泡立ちが続いています。これは何を示唆しますか?
A肺またはドレナージシステムからの空気漏れ
B肺が完全に再膨張し、ドレーンを抜去する準備ができている
C吸引源の電源が切られている
Dチューブ内の血栓でドレーンが閉塞している
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?
AIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
BDisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
CSilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas
DChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?
Two days after surgery, a patient on regular ibuprofen has a low urine output and a rising creatinine, and intake has been poor. What should the nurse do?
AWithhold the next dose and report to the prescriber
BChange to a higher-strength NSAID tablet
CIncrease the dose to treat the pain better and encourage fluids
DGive the next dose with extra food
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Which test estimates how much fetal blood has entered the mother's circulation, to guide the dose of anti-D?
ADirect Coombs test on the baby
BKleihauer–Betke test
CNitrazine test
DGlucose tolerance test
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn male has a urethral opening on the underside of the penis. What should the nurse tell the parents?
ACircumcision should wait for specialist review
BIt will correct itself by school age
CCircumcision should be done straight away
DIt is a normal variation that needs no follow-up
21.小児看護ふつう
Which sign shows that a baby is ready to start solid foods?
ASits with support, holds the head steady and shows interest in food
BStarts waking more often during the night and seems hungry after milk feeds
CHas cut a first tooth
DHas reached 6 weeks of age
22.小児看護むずかしい
Five minutes after IM adrenaline for anaphylaxis, a child is still wheezing and has a low blood pressure. What should the nurse do?
AGive an oral antihistamine and a steroid instead of more adrenaline
BSit the child up and walk her around to raise the blood pressure
CWait 30 minutes for the first dose of adrenaline to take its full effect
DGive a further dose of IM adrenaline as per protocol and call for advanced help
23.精神看護ふつう
What is the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) used for?
ATo measure the severity of alcohol withdrawal
BTo assess the risk of a patient becoming violent
CTo screen for and monitor tardive dyskinesia
DTo rate the severity of depression
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient with depression answers every question with one or two words and looks at the floor. Which approach is most helpful?
AAsk several open questions in quick succession to keep the conversation going
BEnd the conversation quickly, because the patient clearly does not want to talk
CUse simple statements, allow extra time for answers and stay with the patient even in silence
DEncourage him to cheer up and think about the good things in his life
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の身長は 142 cm です。1 in = 2.54 cm を使って、身長 h をインチで求めてください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
142 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴は 4 mg/h を投与します。この投与速度 D を mcg/min で表してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
4 mg/h1 mg = 1000 mcg1 h = 60 min
D = mcg/min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
バイアルに粉末 500 mg が入っています。ラベルには「注射用水 9.6 mL を加えると全量 10 mL になる」とあります。処方は 20 mg です。溶解した溶液を何 mL V 投与しますか?
答え: A · Give each medicine separately and flush with water between them
これが答えになる理由
Each drug is prepared and given separately, with water flushes before, between and after, to prevent tube blockage and drug interactions. A pharmacist advises on suitable forms.
答え
A · Give each medicine separately and flush with water between them
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · "I'll soak my feet in hot water every evening."
これが答えになる理由
People with diabetic neuropathy may not feel heat, and soaking softens the skin, so long hot soaks are avoided. Daily inspection, good footwear and careful drying are correct.
答え
C · "I'll soak my feet in hot water every evening."
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Return them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
これが答えになる理由
Returning unused opioids to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site is the preferred way to dispose of them. Leftover opioids at home can be misused or taken by children or pets.
答え
C · Return them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
これが答えになる理由
Aerosol-generating procedures can spread influenza in small particles that a surgical mask does not filter well. Staff wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 in the US, FFP3 in the UK), eye protection, gown and gloves, and the number of people in the room is kept low.
答え
D · Wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Glucose 48 mg/dL (2.7 mmol/L), sweating and confused
これが答えになる理由
Severe hypoglycemia with confusion can quickly lead to seizures and loss of consciousness. The other patients have problems that matter but are not immediately dangerous.
答え
D · Glucose 48 mg/dL (2.7 mmol/L), sweating and confused
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Encourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
これが答えになる理由
A partial obstruction with a forceful cough is best cleared by the patient’s own coughing. The nurse stays and is ready to act if the cough becomes weak or the patient cannot speak or breathe.
答え
A · Encourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · To reduce the risk of stroke from clots in the atria
これが答えになる理由
In AF the atria do not contract effectively, so blood can pool and clot, especially in the left atrial appendage. A clot can travel to the brain, so anticoagulation reduces stroke risk.
答え
A · To reduce the risk of stroke from clots in the atria
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · An arterial ulcer
これが答えになる理由
Arterial ulcers are usually on the feet or toes, painful and punched-out, with signs of poor perfusion. Venous ulcers are usually around the ankle, shallow and associated with swelling and skin staining.
答え
D · An arterial ulcer
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · 肝臓が大半の凝固因子を作るため、産生が低下する
これが答えになる理由
肝臓は、ビタミン K 依存性のものを含め、大半の凝固因子を作ります。重度の肝疾患ではその産生が低下するため、INR が上昇します。INR の上昇は、肝不全の重症度を示すマーカーの 1 つです。確認に用いた資料:Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
D · 肝臓が大半の凝固因子を作るため、産生が低下する
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · "I can have a light breakfast before the test"
これが答えになる理由
The OGTT is done after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours; water is allowed. Eating before the test makes the results invalid. Patients rest during the test and avoid smoking, which can affect glucose.確認に用いた資料:Blood Glucose Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Glucose tolerance test - non-pregnant · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · "I can have a light breakfast before the test"
11.薬理学
答え: C · Take the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
これが答えになる理由
Cultures are taken before antibiotics so the organism can be identified, but antibiotics must not be delayed in sepsis. Taking cultures quickly and then giving the antibiotic meets both aims.
答え
C · Take the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
12.薬理学
答え: B · Alcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction
これが答えになる理由
Disulfiram reactions can occur with small amounts of alcohol in mouthwash, cough syrups, sauces or aftershave. Patients are taught to check labels and avoid all alcohol-containing products.
答え
B · Alcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction
答え: B · Disconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
これが答えになる理由
When a ventilated patient deteriorates suddenly, bag-valve ventilation with 100% oxygen takes the ventilator out of the picture. The nurse then checks for displacement, obstruction, pneumothorax and equipment failure (often remembered as DOPE) and calls for senior help.
答え
B · Disconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Allopurinol and making the urine less acidic
これが答えになる理由
Uric acid stones form when urine is acidic and rich in uric acid. High fluid intake, alkalinising the urine (for example with potassium citrate) and allopurinol reduce the risk. Purine-rich foods are limited.
答え: A · Withhold the next dose and report to the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
NSAIDs can cause acute kidney injury, particularly with hypovolaemia, older age or other nephrotoxic drugs. The nurse withholds and reports, and fluid status and other analgesia are reviewed.
答え
A · Withhold the next dose and report to the prescriber
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Kleihauer–Betke test
これが答えになる理由
The Kleihauer–Betke test (or flow cytometry) measures fetal red cells in maternal blood after a sensitising event such as trauma or birth. The result guides whether extra anti-D is needed.
答え
B · Kleihauer–Betke test
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Circumcision should wait for specialist review
これが答えになる理由
In hypospadias, the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis. Circumcision is avoided because the foreskin may be used in surgical repair.
答え
A · Circumcision should wait for specialist review
21.小児看護
答え: A · Sits with support, holds the head steady and shows interest in food
これが答えになる理由
Readiness for solids, usually around 6 months, includes good head control, sitting with support, interest in food and loss of the tongue-thrust reflex. Night waking and teething are not signs of readiness.
答え
A · Sits with support, holds the head steady and shows interest in food
22.小児看護
答え: D · Give a further dose of IM adrenaline as per protocol and call for advanced help
これが答えになる理由
IM adrenaline can be repeated after about 5 minutes if signs persist. Help is called, the child lies flat (with legs raised if tolerated, or sitting if breathing is difficult), and oxygen and IV fluids are given. Standing or walking can cause collapse.
答え
D · Give a further dose of IM adrenaline as per protocol and call for advanced help
23.精神看護
答え: C · To screen for and monitor tardive dyskinesia
これが答えになる理由
The AIMS is a structured examination of involuntary movements of the face, limbs and trunk. It is done at baseline and regularly during long-term antipsychotic treatment so tardive dyskinesia is detected early.
答え
C · To screen for and monitor tardive dyskinesia
24.精神看護
答え: C · Use simple statements, allow extra time for answers and stay with the patient even in silence
これが答えになる理由
Psychomotor slowing makes answering hard. Short, simple communication, patience and a calm presence show acceptance, while pressure or forced cheerfulness can increase feelings of failure.
答え
C · Use simple statements, allow extra time for answers and stay with the patient even in silence
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 55.9 in
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
センチメートルからインチへ
h = 142/2.54 = 55.91 ≈ 55.9 in
答え
h = 55.9 in
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 66.7 mcg/min
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 4 mg/h × (1000 mcg/1 mg) × (1 h/60 min)
計算する
D = 4000/60 = 66.67 ≈ 66.7 mcg/min
答え
D = 66.7 mcg/min
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 0.4 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
混合後の濃度
500 mg/10 mL = 50 mg/mL
体積
V = 20/50 = 0.4 mL
答え
V = 0.4 mL
28.投与量の計算
答え: D = 339.1 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
体表面積
BSA = √(154·43/3600) = √1.839 = 1.356 m²
投与量
D = 250·1.356 = 339.1 mg
答え
D = 339.1 mg
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 60 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
1 分あたりのミリリットル
60/60 = 1 mL/min
滴下速度
R = 1·60 = 60 gtt/min
答え
R = 60 gtt/min
微量用セット(60 滴/mL)では、滴/分は mL/h に等しくなります。
30.点滴速度
答え: Δ = 6.667 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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