Which patient is the most appropriate to assign to an LPN/LVN?
AA patient with a long-standing tracheostomy who needs routine suctioning and care
BA patient who has just arrived from the emergency department with pneumonia and confusion
CA patient with a tracheostomy placed this morning who is coughing up blood
DA patient on a new IV medication that needs frequent titration
7.臨床看護学ふつう
An older adult has left lower abdominal pain, fever and a raised CRP. Which condition is most likely?
AAppendicitis
BBiliary colic
CGastric ulcer
DDiverticulitis
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure about self-care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will weigh myself each morning after passing urine."
B"I only need to weigh myself once a month."
C"I will take my water tablet in the morning."
D"I will report it if I need more pillows to sleep."
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
After surgery for colon cancer, a patient's CEA had fallen to normal, but it has been rising over the last two checks. What does this most likely suggest?
AA sign of iron deficiency from the earlier bleeding
BA normal change after surgery that needs no follow-up
CA sure sign that the cancer has been fully cured
DPossible recurrence that needs further assessment
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on hemodialysis receives epoetin, but the hemoglobin has not risen in 2 months. Which results should be checked first?
ATSH and the free T3 level
BAmylase and lipase levels
CFerritin and transferrin saturation
DTroponin and creatine kinase
11.薬理学ふつう
ニトログリセリン(GTN)はどのように狭心症を和らげますか?
A冠動脈の血栓を溶かす
B一酸化窒素を放出し、主に静脈を拡張して心臓の仕事量を減らす
C収縮力を高めて、心臓がより効率よく血液を送り出せるようにする
Dβ1 受容体を遮断して心拍を遅くする
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient who used cocaine has chest pain, agitation, a high temperature, sweating, tachycardia and dilated pupils. Which drug class is commonly first-line for the agitation and sympathetic overactivity?
ABenzodiazepines
BAntihistamines
CAnticholinergic drugs
DOpioid antagonists
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?
ATo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
BTo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma
CTo flush the bacteria out through the urine
DTo make the cough completely stop
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A one-way speaking valve is fitted to a patient's tracheostomy tube while the cuff is still inflated. What is the danger?
AThe patient will speak too loudly
BThe valve will humidify the air too much
CThe patient cannot breathe out and may suffocate
DThere is no danger, as the valve works with any cuff
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with a new ileal conduit has threads of mucus in their urine. What should the nurse explain?
AThis is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel
BThis proves a serious kidney infection
CThe kidneys have stopped working properly after surgery
DThis is a sign that the stoma is dying
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3.5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?
ASeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
BWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
CStop insulin until the vomiting has settled
DDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why is a pregnancy test often done before surgery in women who could be pregnant?
AAnaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus
BIt is needed to calculate the anaesthetic drug dose
CPregnant women cannot sign consent forms
DPregnancy always makes surgery impossible
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with active cancer on chemotherapy develops new swelling and pain in one calf. Why must this be reported promptly?
AIt is only a muscle strain from walking
BCancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
CThe swelling shows the cancer has gone
DCalf swelling is a normal effect of chemotherapy
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
生後 1 分の新生児の心拍数は 90 回/分です。アプガースコアで、心拍数は何点になりますか?
A3
B1
C2
D0
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman with gestational diabetes on insulin asks about her baby after birth. Which statement by the nurse is accurate?
AThe baby must not be breastfed in the first week
BThe baby's glucose will be checked for hypoglycaemia
CThe baby will need insulin for the first days
DThe baby will be born with diabetes
21.小児看護ふつう
Which temperature is usually taken as fever in a child?
答え: D · Secured upright in a holder or trolley, away from heat
これが答えになる理由
Cylinders are heavy and contain gas under pressure. They are kept upright and secured, away from heat and flames, and are handled carefully.
答え
D · Secured upright in a holder or trolley, away from heat
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · It can cause a fatal cardiac arrest
これが答えになる理由
A sudden rise in blood potassium can stop the heart. IV potassium is given diluted, by a controlled infusion and following strict policy, which is why concentrated forms are tightly controlled.
答え
D · It can cause a fatal cardiac arrest
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Postpone the visit until the visitor is well
これが答えになる理由
Patients with severe neutropenia cannot fight infections well. People with respiratory or other infections should not visit until they are well; other visitors perform hand hygiene.
答え
B · Postpone the visit until the visitor is well
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · “I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”
これが答えになる理由
TB treatment lasts several months, and stopping when symptoms improve can lead to relapse and drug-resistant TB. Covering coughs and attending follow-up for sputum tests are correct.
答え
A · “I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”
答え: A · A patient with a long-standing tracheostomy who needs routine suctioning and care
これが答えになる理由
Routine tracheostomy care for a stable, long-term patient fits the LPN/LVN role in most settings. Fresh or bleeding tracheostomies, new admissions and titrated IV drugs need RN assessment.
答え
A · A patient with a long-standing tracheostomy who needs routine suctioning and care
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Diverticulitis
これが答えになる理由
Diverticulitis is inflammation of diverticula, usually in the sigmoid colon, so pain is typically in the left iliac fossa. It is common in older adults.
答え
D · Diverticulitis
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · "I only need to weigh myself once a month."
これが答えになる理由
Daily weights at the same time with the same scales detect fluid retention early. A rapid gain, worsening breathlessness or needing more pillows should be reported.
答え
B · "I only need to weigh myself once a month."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Possible recurrence that needs further assessment
これが答えになる理由
CEA is not specific enough for screening, but a rising level after successful treatment can signal recurrence, so imaging and further assessment are usually arranged. Smoking and some benign conditions can also raise CEA.確認に用いた資料:CEA Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · Possible recurrence that needs further assessment
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Ferritin and transferrin saturation
これが答えになる理由
Iron deficiency is the most common reason for a poor response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, because the marrow needs iron to make hemoglobin. Ferritin and transferrin saturation are checked, and IV iron is often given in dialysis patients. Infection and inflammation can also blunt the response.確認に用いた資料:Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2024); Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2024)
Cocaine causes a sympathomimetic toxidrome. Benzodiazepines reduce agitation, tachycardia, hypertension and hyperthermia, while cooling and cardiac monitoring are also given.
答え
A · Benzodiazepines
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · To prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
これが答えになる理由
Fever, sweating and tachypnoea increase insensible fluid loss. Good hydration prevents dehydration and helps keep secretions less sticky. Patients with heart failure or other restrictions need individual plans.
答え
A · To prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · The patient cannot breathe out and may suffocate
これが答えになる理由
A speaking valve opens on inspiration and closes on expiration, so exhaled air must pass around the tube and up through the larynx. If the cuff is inflated, air cannot escape, causing air trapping and respiratory arrest. The cuff must be fully deflated first.
答え
C · The patient cannot breathe out and may suffocate
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · This is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel
これが答えになる理由
An ileal conduit uses a piece of small bowel, which keeps making mucus. Mucus in the urine is expected. Good fluid intake helps keep it moving. Fever, cloudy foul urine or a change in stoma colour should be reported.
答え
A · This is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Seek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
これが答えになる理由
Blood ketones above 3 mmol/L, especially with vomiting, mean a high risk of DKA, even if the glucose is only moderately raised. The patient needs urgent assessment. Insulin should not be stopped.
答え
A · Seek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Anaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus
これが答えになる理由
Unknown pregnancy can change the decision to operate, the timing, and the choice of drugs and X-rays. Testing is offered with consent, according to local policy.
答え
A · Anaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Cancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
これが答えになる理由
Cancer, chemotherapy, central lines and immobility increase the risk of DVT and PE. Unilateral leg swelling needs assessment with ultrasound and possible anticoagulation.
答え
B · Cancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
答え: B · The baby's glucose will be checked for hypoglycaemia
これが答えになる理由
Babies of mothers with diabetes may have high insulin levels after birth, causing hypoglycaemia. Early, frequent feeding, often skin-to-skin, and glucose monitoring per protocol are standard.
答え
B · The baby's glucose will be checked for hypoglycaemia
21.小児看護
答え: C · 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) or higher
これが答えになる理由
A temperature of 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) or higher is generally considered a fever in children. In young infants even a modest fever can signal serious infection and needs prompt assessment.
答え: B · Respiratory depression, sedation and a prolonged QT interval
これが答えになる理由
Methadone can cause respiratory depression, especially when starting or with other sedatives, and it can prolong the QT interval. It has a long half-life, so toxicity can build up over several days.
答え
B · Respiratory depression, sedation and a prolonged QT interval
24.精神看護
答え: B · His anger may be part of grief, displaced onto staff, so she should not take it personally
これが答えになる理由
Anger is a common part of grief and may be directed at staff who are safer targets. The nurse responds calmly, sets limits if needed and invites him to talk about his loss.
答え
B · His anger may be part of grief, displaced onto staff, so she should not take it personally
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
118.8/2.2 = 54 kg
投与量
15·54 = 810 mg
体積
V = (810/40)·1 = 20.25 ≈ 20.3 mL
答え
V = 20.3 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 315 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。