A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?
AApply tight jewellery to the left wrist
BAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
CKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
DUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with an inferior myocardial infarction develops complete heart block with a heart rate of 38/min. What is the most likely reason?
AInferior infarcts always destroy the bundle of His permanently
BThe right coronary artery usually supplies the AV node
CHeart block is caused by the thrombolytic drug
DThe left anterior descending artery supplies the SA node only
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?
AStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
BPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
CDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose
DKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient on IV gentamicin has a rising creatinine and a high trough level. What should the nurse do?
AHold the next dose and inform the prescriber
BGive the next dose early to clear the infection quickly
CEncourage more fluids and give the dose as planned
DStop measuring the drug levels
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
出血を増やすおそれがあるため、手術前によく質問されるハーブ系サプリメントはどれですか?
Aペパーミントオイル
Bカモミール
Cイチョウ葉(Ginkgo biloba)
Dクランベリー
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
On day 5 after a major burn, a patient is confused, with a temperature of 39.2 °C, tachycardia, and an offensive, discoloured wound. What should the nurse suspect?
ABurn wound infection with sepsis
BThe normal hypermetabolic response alone
CAn allergy to the dressing only
DDelirium from boredom on the ward
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman says she uses cannabis daily to manage nausea in pregnancy. What is the best nursing response?
ATell her that cannabis is a natural remedy and safe in pregnancy
BRefuse to continue her care until she stops
CExplain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
答え: D · When contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
これが答えになる理由
Under standard precautions, gloves are worn when exposure to blood or body fluids is likely. Wearing them for all contact gives false security and can spread germs if not changed.
答え
D · When contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Write it down, read it back and make sure it is signed later as per policy
これが答えになる理由
Verbal orders are used only where local policy allows, such as emergencies. Reading back the drug, dose and route confirms the order, and it is documented and signed as soon as possible.
答え
A · Write it down, read it back and make sure it is signed later as per policy
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
これが答えになる理由
A loose needle is a hazard to everyone who handles the linen. The nurse disposes of it safely without recapping, using an instrument if needed, and reports the incident so the cause can be addressed.
答え
A · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · “I can share towels with my family if I wash them every week.”
これが答えになる理由
MRSA spreads by direct contact and shared items, so towels, razors and linen should not be shared. Hand hygiene, covering the wound and bagging dressings are correct.
答え
C · “I can share towels with my family if I wash them every week.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Give another serving of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
これが答えになる理由
If the glucose is still below the hypoglycemia threshold after treatment (70 mg/dL in US guidance, 4.0 mmol/L in UK guidance), the fast-acting carbohydrate is repeated and the glucose rechecked. Once it is normal, a snack or meal helps keep it stable.
答え
D · Give another serving of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · A possible myocardial infarction that needs urgent action
これが答えになる理由
Chest pain that lasts and is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin suggests acute coronary syndrome, possibly a heart attack. The nurse acts at once: ECG, escalation and prescribed treatment.
答え
D · A possible myocardial infarction that needs urgent action
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Post-exposure prophylaxis works best when started as soon as possible
これが答えになる理由
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis should be started as soon as possible after exposure, ideally within hours. Occupational health or the emergency department will assess the risk and arrange follow-up testing.
答え
C · Post-exposure prophylaxis works best when started as soon as possible
答え: D · Put seizure precautions in place and report the result
これが答えになる理由
Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability and can cause tetany, laryngospasm and seizures. The nurse reports the result, keeps the patient safe with seizure precautions and expects calcium replacement. The other measures fit hypercalcemia.確認に用いた資料:Hypoparathyroidism · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · Put seizure precautions in place and report the result
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Stress hyperglycemia from acute illness
これが答えになる理由
Stress hormones and inflammation raise glucose in acute illness, even without diabetes. A normal HbA1c shows that glucose was normal over the previous months. Stress hyperglycemia is still treated, usually with insulin, because it worsens outcomes.確認に用いた資料:Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Stress hyperglycemia from acute illness
11.薬理学
答え: D · Involuntary movements of the lips, tongue and face after long-term antipsychotic use
これが答えになる理由
Tardive dyskinesia develops after months or years of dopamine-blocking drugs and may be permanent. Patients are screened regularly so that treatment can be changed early.
答え
D · Involuntary movements of the lips, tongue and face after long-term antipsychotic use
答え: B · Avoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
これが答えになる理由
After axillary node removal, the arm's lymph drainage is reduced. Patients are advised to protect the skin, treat cuts promptly, avoid tight items and, where possible, avoid BP measurements, cannulation and injections on that arm. Gentle exercise helps lymph flow.
答え
B · Avoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · The right coronary artery usually supplies the AV node
これが答えになる理由
In most people the right coronary artery supplies the inferior wall and the AV node, so inferior MI can cause AV block. It is often temporary and may respond to atropine, but symptomatic or persistent block may need temporary pacing.
答え
B · The right coronary artery usually supplies the AV node
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Pause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
これが答えになる理由
During dehydrating illness, SGLT2 inhibitors increase the risk of DKA, which can occur with only modestly raised glucose, and of acute kidney injury. Patients are taught to pause them until they are eating and drinking normally.
答え
B · Pause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Hold the next dose and inform the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
Aminoglycosides can cause acute tubular necrosis and ototoxicity, especially with high trough levels. A high trough suggests poor clearance. The dose is held and the prescriber reviews the regimen.
Burn patients are at high risk of infection. Wound changes with systemic deterioration suggest sepsis, needing urgent escalation, cultures, IV antibiotics and wound review. The hypermetabolic state causes mild fever, but not these wound changes.
答え
A · Burn wound infection with sepsis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Explain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
これが答えになる理由
Cannabis in pregnancy is associated with low birth weight and possible effects on brain development. The nurse discusses the risks without judgement, offers safer antiemetics and support and continues care.
答え
C · Explain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · 見える出血がわずかでも、潜在性の(外出血のない)早期剥離で大量に失血している可能性がある
答え: C · Chronic diarrhoea, a swollen abdomen, irritability and poor weight gain
これが答えになる理由
Gluten damages the small bowel lining in coeliac disease, causing malabsorption with chronic diarrhoea, bulky stools, abdominal distension, irritability and faltering growth. Diagnosis uses blood antibody tests and often a bowel biopsy while still eating gluten.
答え
C · Chronic diarrhoea, a swollen abdomen, irritability and poor weight gain
答え: D · Keep the baby safe, never alone with her, and arrange urgent assessment
これが答えになる理由
Postpartum psychosis with delusions about the baby carries a risk of harm to the infant and to the mother. The baby must be kept safe and the mother assessed urgently, usually with admission.
答え
D · Keep the baby safe, never alone with her, and arrange urgent assessment
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 39.3 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
102.8 − 32 = 70.8
5/9を掛ける
T = 70.8·5/9 = 39.33 ≈ 39.3 °C
答え
T = 39.3 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 25 mL
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1 回あたりの容量
½ tsp = 0.5·5 = 2.5 mL
全投与期間
V = 2.5 mL × 2/日 × 5 = 25 mL
答え
V = 25 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 375 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
投与量
25·15 = 375 mg
答え
D = 375 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: R = 75 mL/h
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
濃度
20000/1000 = 20 個/mL
ポンプ流量
R = 1500/20 = 75 mL/h
答え
R = 75 mL/h
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 25 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
1 分あたりのミリリットル
100/60 = 1.667 mL/min
滴下速度
R = 1.667·15 = 25 gtt/min
答え
R = 25 gtt/min
30.点滴速度
答え: Δ = 14.67 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。