A colleague asks the nurse to countersign the controlled drug register for a dose the nurse did not see being prepared or given. What should the nurse do?
ASign it later, at the end of the shift, once the colleague explains
BSign, but only if the colleague is senior
CRefuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
DSign, as the colleague is trustworthy
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with a respiratory infection has a raised procalcitonin level. What does this most suggest?
ADehydration from poor intake
BAn allergic reaction to a recent medication
CA bacterial rather than a viral infection
DA purely viral illness
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A handwritten order is hard to read, and the nurse is not sure of the drug name. What should the nurse do?
AChoose the drug that seems most likely from the diagnosis
BContact the prescriber to clarify before giving anything
CHold the drug until the next day without telling anyone
DAsk a colleague to guess what it says
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse gives IV morphine for severe pain. When should the nurse reassess the pain and sedation?
A patient had a right mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. Where is the best place to draw blood?
AThe right hand
BThe right arm
CEither arm equally
DThe left arm
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
After lying on the floor for many hours, a patient has a CK of 40,000 U/L, a potassium of 6.1 mEq/L and dark urine. Which prescribed treatment is the priority?
AAn oral potassium supplement with each meal
BHigh-dose NSAIDs for the muscle pain
CLarge-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
DFluid restriction to protect the heart from overload
11.薬理学ふつう
バンコマイシンの静注は、何による感染症の治療によく使われますか?
AMRSA
BPseudomonas aeruginosa
CCandida albicans
DEscherichia coli
12.薬理学むずかしい
A toddler swallowed many of his mother's iron tablets. He has vomiting and bloody diarrhoea. Which drug may be used to bind iron?
ADeferoxamine (desferrioxamine)
BAcetylcysteine
CActivated charcoal given by mouth
DNaloxone
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?
ATake an extra dose if the ankles swell
BAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
CKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
DExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes
答え: C · Refuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
これが答えになる理由
Countersigning means confirming that you witnessed the check and administration. Signing for something you did not see is dishonest and removes an important safety check.
答え
C · Refuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · A bacterial rather than a viral infection
これが答えになる理由
Procalcitonin rises mainly in bacterial infections and much less in viral ones. It is used with clinical judgement to help decide when antibiotics are needed or can be stopped.
答え
C · A bacterial rather than a viral infection
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Contact the prescriber to clarify before giving anything
これが答えになる理由
Illegible or unclear orders are clarified directly with the prescriber. The nurse never guesses, and a held dose is reported so treatment is not missed.
答え
B · Contact the prescriber to clarify before giving anything
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Within about 15–30 minutes
これが答えになる理由
IV opioids act within minutes, so the nurse reassesses pain, sedation and breathing within about 15–30 minutes. Oral analgesics are usually reassessed later, after about an hour.
After axillary node removal, venipuncture and blood pressure readings are usually avoided on that side to reduce the risk of lymphedema and infection. The opposite arm is used whenever possible, according to policy.
答え
D · The left arm
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Large-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
これが答えになる理由
Rhabdomyolysis releases myoglobin, which can cause acute kidney injury, and potassium, which can cause arrhythmias. Early aggressive IV fluids, a target urine output and cardiac monitoring are priorities. NSAIDs and potassium would worsen kidney injury and hyperkalemia.確認に用いた資料:Rhabdomyolysis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Large-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
Iron poisoning can cause GI bleeding, shock, metabolic acidosis and liver failure. Deferoxamine chelates iron and is used in serious poisoning; activated charcoal does not bind iron.
答え
A · Deferoxamine (desferrioxamine)
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Keep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
これが答えになる理由
SGLT2 inhibitors increase glucose loss in the urine, raising the risk of genital thrush and urinary infections. They also cause mild diuresis, and in people with diabetes there is a rare risk of ketoacidosis, so they are paused during acute illness as advised. They improve outcomes in heart failure.
答え
C · Keep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
答え: D · The suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
これが答えになる理由
Long-term glucocorticoids suppress ACTH, and the adrenal glands shrink. Stopping abruptly can cause adrenal insufficiency or crisis. Doses are reduced gradually so the glands can recover.
答え
D · The suppressed adrenal glands cannot make enough cortisol at once
答え: C · They may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
これが答えになる理由
Slowing the bowel can increase toxin contact and the risk of colonic dilatation (toxic megacolon). Treatment is an oral antibiotic such as vancomycin or fidaxomicin, stopping unnecessary antibiotics and replacing fluids.
答え
C · They may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Start active warming and monitor the temperature
これが答えになる理由
Hypothermia increases the risk of bleeding, infection and cardiac events, and shivering increases oxygen use. Active warming with warmed fluids if needed is started, and the patient stays in recovery until temperature is acceptable.
答え
A · Start active warming and monitor the temperature
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Iron deficiency anaemia
これが答えになる理由
Pica, the craving for non-food substances, is associated with iron deficiency. Eating clay or soil can also expose the mother to toxins and parasites. Haemoglobin and ferritin should be checked.
答え
A · Iron deficiency anaemia
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · To make aspirated stomach contents less acidic
これが答えになる理由
Pregnant women are at high risk of aspirating stomach contents under general anaesthesia. Sodium citrate neutralises gastric acid, reducing the severity of lung injury if aspiration happens.
答え
C · To make aspirated stomach contents less acidic
21.小児看護
答え: D · A high-energy, high-fat diet with fat-soluble vitamin supplements
これが答えになる理由
Children with CF need more energy than usual because of malabsorption and the work of breathing. A high-energy diet with enzymes and extra vitamins A, D, E and K is standard; extra salt may be needed.
答え
D · A high-energy, high-fat diet with fat-soluble vitamin supplements
22.小児看護
答え: A · "After one treatment, I won't need to check her hair again."
これが答えになる理由
Many treatments do not kill all eggs, so a second application or repeated wet combing over about two weeks is usually needed, with checks afterwards. Checking family members and wet combing are correct.
答え
A · "After one treatment, I won't need to check her hair again."
23.精神看護
答え: A · Exposure and response prevention, a form of CBT
これが答えになる理由
In exposure and response prevention, the patient is gradually exposed to the anxiety-provoking trigger and resists the compulsion. Anxiety falls over time without the ritual, weakening the cycle. SSRIs are the main medicines used.
答え
A · Exposure and response prevention, a form of CBT
24.精神看護
答え: C · Discuss the problem openly and involve patients in finding a solution
これが答えになる理由
In a therapeutic milieu, the ward environment itself is used for treatment. Shared decision-making in community meetings builds responsibility, social skills and trust.
答え
C · Discuss the problem openly and involve patients in finding a solution
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。