Which adverse effect of ciprofloxacin should a patient report at once?
ADarker stools than usual
BMild tiredness in the first few days
CA slightly bitter or metallic taste for a while after each dose
DPain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
12.薬理学むずかしい
Ten days after chemotherapy, a patient has a temperature of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) but says she feels fine. What should happen?
AParacetamol at home and review at the next routine clinic visit
BUrgent cultures and IV broad-spectrum antibiotics without delay
CStart oral antibiotics only if a rash develops
DWait 48 hours to see whether the fever settles
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?
ARemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
BIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up
CDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team
DOne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
After chest trauma, a patient is hypotensive with reduced breath sounds on the left. Which finding suggests a haemothorax rather than a tension pneumothorax?
AHyper-resonance on the affected side
BTrachea pushed away from the affected side
CDullness to percussion on the affected side
DDistended neck veins
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
原発性副腎不全の患者が発熱しています。ステロイド補充に関する通常のシックデイの助言はどれですか?
A糖質コルチコイドの用量を増やし、多くは2倍にする
B熱が下がるまでステロイドを中止する
C副作用を減らすため、用量を半分にする
D通常量を続け、今のところ余分な水分は控える
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A prescription reads "Insulin 10U". Why is this a safety problem?
AInsulin doses must always be written in millilitres
B"U" means the insulin must be given intravenously
C"U" can be misread as a zero, giving a tenfold dose
DThere is no problem as long as the nurse can read it
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why are laxatives and enemas avoided when appendicitis is suspected?
AThey make the blood tests impossible to read
BThey stop antibiotics from being absorbed
CThey may increase the risk of perforation
DThey always cause the appendix to bleed heavily
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
In recovery, an awake and anxious patient cannot lift their head, and their breaths are shallow and weak. What is the most likely cause?
AResidual neuromuscular blockade
BOpioid overdose with pinpoint pupils
CA simple panic attack
DNormal tiredness after surgery
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
How does breast milk jaundice usually differ from early breastfeeding jaundice?
AIt appears in the first 24 hours in a sick baby
BIt appears later, after the first week, in a thriving baby
CIt is caused by too little milk intake
DIt always needs the baby to stop breastfeeding permanently
答え: D · The patient may still be identifiable, which breaches confidentiality
これが答えになる理由
Details such as the ward, the condition or the date can reveal who a patient is. Professional codes forbid sharing patient information on social media, even without names.
答え
D · The patient may still be identifiable, which breaches confidentiality
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Take it out of use, label it as faulty and report it
これが答えになる理由
Damaged electrical equipment can cause shocks or fires. It is removed from use, clearly labelled and reported for repair, and a safe replacement is found.
答え
A · Take it out of use, label it as faulty and report it
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Hold the bottle with the label in the palm and pour without touching the bowl
これが答えになる理由
The nurse pours from a little height without touching the sterile bowl, avoiding splashes that would wet the field. Holding the label in the palm keeps it readable and free of drips.
答え
C · Hold the bottle with the label in the palm and pour without touching the bowl
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Keep a safe distance and a clear exit, speak calmly and call security if needed
これが答えになる理由
In a potentially violent situation, the nurse keeps a safe distance and a clear path to the door, uses calm, simple words and gets help early. Touching or arguing with an agitated person can make things worse.
答え
D · Keep a safe distance and a clear exit, speak calmly and call security if needed
Neurogenic shock follows loss of sympathetic tone, causing vasodilation, hypotension and bradycardia with warm skin. Hypovolemic shock usually causes a fast pulse and cool, clammy skin.
答え
D · Neurogenic shock
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Gas used during the operation irritating the diaphragm
これが答えになる理由
Carbon dioxide used to inflate the abdomen can irritate the diaphragm, causing referred shoulder-tip pain. It usually settles within a few days with mobilisation and analgesia.
答え
B · Gas used during the operation irritating the diaphragm
ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone, so potassium can rise, and they lower the filtration pressure in the kidney, so creatinine can rise. Both are checked before and soon after starting or increasing the dose.確認に用いた資料:Hyperkalemia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2025)
答え: D · Pain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
これが答えになる理由
Fluoroquinolones can cause tendinitis and tendon rupture. Patients should stop exercise and report tendon pain promptly.
答え
D · Pain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
12.薬理学
答え: B · Urgent cultures and IV broad-spectrum antibiotics without delay
これが答えになる理由
Fever during neutropenia is treated as a medical emergency because infection can progress rapidly. Cultures are taken and empirical IV antibiotics are started promptly, ideally within one hour.
答え
B · Urgent cultures and IV broad-spectrum antibiotics without delay
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · One shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
これが答えになる理由
A single shock with full recovery usually needs a call to the device team. Several shocks in a short time, or a shock with chest pain, breathlessness or collapse, needs emergency help. Patients should not drive themselves after a shock.
答え
D · One shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Dullness to percussion on the affected side
これが答えになる理由
Blood in the pleural space gives a dull percussion note, whereas air gives hyper-resonance. In haemothorax the neck veins are often flat because of blood loss; in tension pneumothorax they are distended. A massive haemothorax needs a large chest drain, blood replacement and surgical review.
答え: C · "U" can be misread as a zero, giving a tenfold dose
これが答えになる理由
A handwritten "U" can look like a 0, turning 10 units into 100. The word "units" must be written in full. Insulin errors are a well-known cause of serious harm.
答え
C · "U" can be misread as a zero, giving a tenfold dose
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · They may increase the risk of perforation
これが答えになる理由
Stimulating peristalsis can raise pressure on an inflamed appendix and may lead to rupture and peritonitis. The patient is kept nil by mouth while awaiting surgical assessment.
答え
C · They may increase the risk of perforation
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Residual neuromuscular blockade
これが答えになる理由
Remaining muscle relaxant causes weakness, poor head lift and shallow breathing in an awake patient. The nurse supports breathing, gives oxygen and calls the anaesthetist, who may give a reversal agent.
答え
A · Residual neuromuscular blockade
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · It appears later, after the first week, in a thriving baby
これが答えになる理由
Breast milk jaundice begins after the first week and can last several weeks in an otherwise healthy, well-fed baby. It is thought to be caused by substances in milk and rarely needs breastfeeding to stop.
答え
B · It appears later, after the first week, in a thriving baby
答え: B · Only the child presses the button, unless a protocol says otherwise
これが答えになる理由
PCA is safe because a sedated child stops pressing the button. If others press it ("PCA by proxy") this safety is lost, risking overdose. Nurse- or parent-controlled analgesia is only used under specific protocols with extra monitoring.
答え
B · Only the child presses the button, unless a protocol says otherwise
22.小児看護
答え: C · A urine output of about 1 mL/kg per hour
これが答えになる理由
Urine output, usually measured by catheter, is the main guide to fluid resuscitation in burns. In children, an output of about 1 mL/kg/hour suggests adequate perfusion; fluids are adjusted to keep it in the target range.
答え
C · A urine output of about 1 mL/kg per hour
23.精神看護
答え: D · Recall of three words and a clock-drawing task
これが答えになる理由
The Mini-Cog combines a three-word recall with drawing a clock face. It is a quick screen; an abnormal result needs a fuller assessment.
答え
D · Recall of three words and a clock-drawing task
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1 回あたりの容量
½ tbsp = 0.5·15 = 7.5 mL
全投与期間
V = 7.5 mL × 2/日 × 14 = 210 mL
答え
V = 210 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 28.6 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
投与量
D = 20·1.43 = 28.6 mg
答え
D = 28.6 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 16.8 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
184.8/2.2 = 84 kg
投与量
10·84 = 840 mg
体積
V = (840/50)·1 = 16.8 mL
答え
V = 16.8 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 10 gtt/min
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
1 分あたりのミリリットル
30/60 = 0.5 mL/min
滴下速度
R = 0.5·20 = 10 gtt/min
答え
R = 10 gtt/min
30.点滴速度
答え: Δ = 20 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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