During an IV vancomycin infusion, a patient develops flushing and itching of the face and neck. What should the nurse do first?
AIgnore it, because flushing is always harmless and passes
BSpeed up the infusion to finish it quickly
CApply a warm compress to the face and neck
DStop or slow the infusion and inform the provider
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient taking an SSRI is also given tramadol. A few hours later the patient is agitated, sweating and has a fever, jerking muscles and brisk reflexes. What is the most likely cause?
ANeuroleptic malignant syndrome
BAn anxiety attack
CSerotonin syndrome
DOpioid withdrawal
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with DKA has an arterial blood gas showing a low pH and a low bicarbonate. Which disturbance is this?
ARespiratory acidosis
BMetabolic acidosis
CRespiratory alkalosis
DMetabolic alkalosis
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
After a head injury, a patient has clear fluid leaking from the nose. What does this most likely suggest?
AAcute sinusitis
BA base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
CAllergic rhinitis triggered by the hospital environment
DA normal and harmless response to head trauma
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
慢性腎臓病で、血清リン酸の高値には、通常、カルシウムのどのような変化を伴いますか?
A血清カルシウムの上昇
Bカルシウムは変化しない
C血清カルシウムの低下
Dカルシウムの変化はなく、血清カリウムだけが高い
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Ten minutes into a red cell transfusion, a patient develops fever, chills, low back pain and dark urine. After stopping the transfusion, what should the nurse do next?
ADiscard the blood bag and tubing in the clinical waste to stop exposure
BRestart the transfusion more slowly after giving an antipyretic drug
CKeep the IV open with normal saline using new tubing and call the provider
DFlush the remaining blood through the line with the IV fluid to finish it
11.薬理学ふつう
How does sucralfate help a peptic ulcer heal?
AIt neutralises acid by releasing bicarbonate
BIt blocks histamine H2 receptors in the stomach
CIt forms a protective coating over the ulcer base
DIt kills Helicobacter pylori directly
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient who takes propranolol has anaphylaxis and does not respond to repeated adrenaline doses. Which drug may help?
AMore propranolol
BNaloxone
COral cetirizine alone
DGlucagon
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
After repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which regular assessment helps detect a blocked graft or clots in the legs?
AChecking leg pulses, colour, warmth and sensation
BTesting the gag reflex every four hours after surgery
CMeasuring the blood glucose every hour through the night
A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?
AGive large amounts of IV fluid
BCheck the weight once a week
CEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids
DMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A 74-year-old falls forward and hits their chin. Their arms are much weaker than their legs, and they have burning pain in the hands. Which injury is most likely?
AA complete lumbar cord injury
BCentral cord syndrome
CCauda equina syndrome
DBrown-Séquard syndrome
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which long-term effect must be monitored in patients receiving anthracyclines such as doxorubicin?
答え: C · Postpone the visit until the visitor is well
これが答えになる理由
Patients with severe neutropenia cannot fight infections well. People with respiratory or other infections should not visit until they are well; other visitors perform hand hygiene.
答え: D · Stop or slow the infusion and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
Flushing of the upper body during vancomycin is usually an infusion reaction related to the rate. The nurse stops or slows the infusion, assesses for anaphylaxis and informs the provider.
答え
D · Stop or slow the infusion and inform the provider
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Serotonin syndrome
これが答えになる理由
SSRIs and tramadol both raise serotonin. Agitation, fever, clonus and hyperreflexia that start quickly suggest serotonin syndrome; neuroleptic malignant syndrome follows antipsychotics and causes rigid muscles with slow reflexes.
答え
C · Serotonin syndrome
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · Metabolic acidosis
これが答えになる理由
In DKA, ketoacids consume bicarbonate, causing a metabolic acidosis. The patient breathes deeply and fast (Kussmaul breathing) to lower PaCO2 as compensation.
答え
B · Metabolic acidosis
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · A base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
これが答えになる理由
Clear fluid from the nose or ear after head injury suggests a CSF leak from a skull base fracture, with a risk of meningitis. Nasal tubes and nose-blowing should be avoided and the patient reviewed urgently.
答え
B · A base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · 血清カルシウムの低下
これが答えになる理由
機能が低下した腎臓がリン酸を保持すると、リン酸がカルシウムと結合し、ビタミン D の活性化が低下するため、血清カルシウムは低下しがちです。これが二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症と骨疾患の原因になります。確認に用いた資料:Hypocalcemia (StatPearls) · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026); Phosphate in Blood · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
C · 血清カルシウムの低下
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Keep the IV open with normal saline using new tubing and call the provider
これが答えになる理由
These signs suggest an acute hemolytic reaction. The transfusion is stopped, the line is kept open with normal saline through new tubing, the provider and blood bank are informed, and the bag, tubing and blood and urine samples are sent for testing as per policy.確認に用いた資料:Hemolytic transfusion reaction · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Keep the IV open with normal saline using new tubing and call the provider
11.薬理学
答え: C · It forms a protective coating over the ulcer base
これが答えになる理由
Sucralfate forms a gel-like barrier that sticks to the ulcer and protects it from acid and pepsin. It is taken on an empty stomach and can reduce the absorption of other drugs taken at the same time.
答え
C · It forms a protective coating over the ulcer base
12.薬理学
答え: D · Glucagon
これが答えになる理由
Beta blockers can make anaphylaxis more severe and resistant to adrenaline. Glucagon acts through its own receptor to increase heart rate and contractility, bypassing the blocked beta receptors.
答え
D · Glucagon
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Checking leg pulses, colour, warmth and sensation
これが答えになる理由
After aortic surgery, distal pulses, skin colour, temperature, capillary refill, movement and sensation are checked often and compared with baseline. Loss of pulses, pallor or pain suggests graft occlusion or emboli and must be reported at once. Urine output is also monitored for renal perfusion.
答え
A · Checking leg pulses, colour, warmth and sensation
答え: D · Monitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
これが答えになる理由
In acute glomerulonephritis, salt and water retention cause oedema and hypertension. Close monitoring of BP, input and output and daily weights is needed, often with salt and fluid restriction and antihypertensives.
答え
D · Monitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Central cord syndrome
これが答えになる理由
Central cord syndrome often follows hyperextension of an arthritic neck. The central fibres, which serve the arms, are affected most, so the arms are weaker than the legs. It is the most common incomplete cord syndrome.
答え
B · Central cord syndrome
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Damage to the heart muscle
これが答えになる理由
Anthracyclines can cause cumulative, dose-related cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Cardiac function is checked before and during treatment, and a lifetime dose limit is applied.
答え: C · Collect a urine sample for culture and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
Dysuria suggests a urinary tract infection, which needs culture and treatment with a pregnancy-safe antibiotic. Untreated UTIs can progress to pyelonephritis and preterm labour.
答え
C · Collect a urine sample for culture and inform the provider
答え: B · Slow heart rate, low blood pressure and low body temperature
これが答えになる理由
Starvation leads to bradycardia, hypotension (often postural), hypothermia, cold hands and feet and missed periods. These findings help judge medical risk and the need for admission.
答え
B · Slow heart rate, low blood pressure and low body temperature
22.小児看護
答え: B · She may consent herself if judged competent (Gillick and Fraser)
これが答えになる理由
Under the Gillick case and Fraser guidelines, a young person under 16 who understands the treatment and its implications can consent to contraception. Staff encourage involving parents and assess for any safeguarding concerns.
答え
B · She may consent herself if judged competent (Gillick and Fraser)
23.精神看護
答え: C · Diagnostic overshadowing
これが答えになる理由
Diagnostic overshadowing happens when new symptoms are attributed to a known disability or mental illness, so a physical or other cause is missed. It contributes to poorer health outcomes.
答え
C · Diagnostic overshadowing
24.精神看護
答え: A · "Let's slow down and talk about one thing at a time. What worries you most right now?"
これが答えになる理由
Focusing directs the conversation to one main concern, which reduces overwhelm and makes the problem easier to work on. A calm, slow pace from the nurse also helps lower anxiety.
答え
A · "Let's slow down and talk about one thing at a time. What worries you most right now?"
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 196 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
インチでの身長
6·12 + 5 = 77 in
インチからセンチメートルへ
h = 77·2.54 = 195.6 ≈ 196 cm
答え
h = 196 cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: N = 3
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
合計容量
10 mL × 3 × 7 = 210 mL
ボトル
210/100 = 2.1 → N = 3
答え
N = 3
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 262.5 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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