Two hours after a meal, a patient who had a gastrectomy becomes shaky, sweaty and confused. What is the most likely cause and first action?
AEarly dumping from fluid shifts; give a large drink of water
BAn anastomotic leak; insert a nasogastric tube at once
CVitamin B12 deficiency; give an injection now
DLate dumping with low blood glucose; check capillary glucose
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI asks how much weight she should gain. Which range do the widely used US Institute of Medicine guidelines recommend?
AAbout 11.5 to 16 kg
BAbout 18 to 23 kg
CAbout 2 to 4 kg
DAbout 5 to 9 kg
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
Which statement by a woman with postnatal depression shows that the nurse's teaching has been effective?
A"I will tell my midwife or doctor if I have thoughts of harming myself."
B"If I take medicine I can never breastfeed again."
C"Depression after birth means I am a bad mother."
D"I should keep my feelings to myself so I don't worry my family."
21.小児看護ふつう
胃腸炎の乳児の水分状態を観察する最も正確な方法はどれですか?
A頭囲を測定する
B子どもが喉が渇いているか、疲れているように見えるかを、毎日親に尋ねる
C髪の質感を調べる
D同じ秤で行う毎日の体重測定と、濡れたおむつの数の確認
22.小児看護むずかしい
The nurse has taught the parents of a child with sickle cell disease. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
B"We'll call the hospital straight away if she has a fever."
C"We'll learn how to feel her tummy for an enlarged spleen."
D"We'll dress her warmly before she goes out in cold weather."
23.精神看護ふつう
オランザピンなどの第二世代抗精神病薬を服用する患者で、特に重要なモニタリングはどれですか?
A血小板数のみ
B骨密度のみ
C薬の影響を最も受けるため、聴力と視力のみ
D体重、腹囲、血糖、脂質
24.精神看護むずかしい
A nurse teaches a family member how to use a naloxone kit. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll stay with him, because the overdose can come back."
B"I'll check his breathing and put him in the recovery position if he is breathing but still not awake."
C"Once I've given the naloxone, I don't need to call an ambulance."
D"If he doesn't respond, I may need to give a second dose."
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の身長は 152 cm です。1 in = 2.54 cm を使って、身長 h をインチで求めてください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
152 cm1 in = 2.54 cm
h = in
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者が1勤務帯の間に 1 tbsp / 液体サプリメント, ½ tsp / 咳止めシロップ, 3 カップ / お茶, 4 fl oz / ジュース を摂取しました。与えられた換算値を使って、経口摂取量の合計 V を mL で求めてください。
1 tbsp = 15 mL1 tsp = 5 mL1 カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL1 fl oz = 30 mL
V = mL
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 32 kg の子どもに、5 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 40 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
32 kg5 mg/kg40 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
点滴は 250 mL 中に薬を 50000 単位含みます。指示は 1 時間あたり 1200 単位です。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか?
50000 個/250 mL1200 個/h
R = mL/h
29.点滴速度ふつう
1000 mL を 10 時間で投与するよう指示されています。2 時間後、バッグにまだ 980 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 ポンプを何 mL/h の速度 R に設定し直す必要がありますか?
1000 mL / 10 h経過時間 2 h: 980 mL
R = mL/h
30.点滴速度むずかしい
点滴が 20 滴/mL のセットで 25 滴/分で落ちています。バッグには 750 mL 残っています。あと何時間 t で空になりますか?
25 gtt/min20 gtt/mL750 mL
t = h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 練習用プロトコルでは、体重 92 kg の患者にヘパリン 70 単位/kg をボーラス投与することになっています。バイアルは 5 000 単位/mL です。何 mL V 吸い上げますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
70 個/kg92 kg5 000 個/mL
V = mL
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 88 kg の患者に、norepinephrineを 16 mcg/min で投与する指示が出ています。バッグには 250 mL 中に 8 mg が含まれています。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
8 mg/250 mL16 mcg/min88 kg
R = mL/h
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。総摂取量 I を mL で求めてください。
答え: A · That they cannot promise secrecy if someone is at risk of harm
これが答えになる理由
Nurses must not promise secrecy when there is a risk of harm. They listen, stay calm, explain what will happen, record the disclosure and follow safeguarding procedures.
答え
A · That they cannot promise secrecy if someone is at risk of harm
答え: C · Use the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
これが答えになる理由
Cracked skin is harder to clean and harbors more organisms. Facility-approved lotions help keep the skin healthy without reducing the effect of hand antiseptics such as chlorhexidine.
答え
C · Use the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
答え: D · Rising systolic pressure, slow pulse and irregular breathing
これが答えになる理由
Cushing’s triad (high systolic pressure with a widening pulse pressure, bradycardia and irregular respirations) is a late sign of raised intracranial pressure and needs urgent escalation.
答え
D · Rising systolic pressure, slow pulse and irregular breathing
答え: D · To monitor whether the infection is spreading or improving
これが答えになる理由
Marking the margin helps staff see whether the redness is spreading despite treatment, which may mean antibiotics need review. The limb is also elevated and observations monitored.
答え
D · To monitor whether the infection is spreading or improving
答え: C · Keep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
これが答えになる理由
During illness, stress hormones raise glucose, so insulin is continued even when eating less. Glucose and ketones are checked often, fluids are taken, and the provider is contacted if ketones are moderate or high or vomiting prevents fluids.確認に用いた資料:Diabetes - when you are sick · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
C · Keep taking insulin and check blood or urine ketones
答え: A · It is short-acting, and cholesterol synthesis peaks at night
これが答えになる理由
The liver makes most cholesterol overnight, and short-acting statins such as simvastatin work best when taken in the evening. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin can be taken at any time of day.
答え
A · It is short-acting, and cholesterol synthesis peaks at night
12.薬理学
答え: D · A woman with asthma
これが答えになる理由
Carboprost is a PGF2-alpha analogue that can cause bronchospasm. Oxytocin is first-line, and carboprost is avoided in asthma.
答え
D · A woman with asthma
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Salbutamol first, then the steroid after a short wait
これが答えになる理由
Using the bronchodilator first opens the airways so the inhaled corticosteroid can reach the smaller airways. A short wait between inhalers and a mouth rinse after the steroid are also taught.
答え
D · Salbutamol first, then the steroid after a short wait
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · High-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
これが答えになる理由
Carbon monoxide binds haemoglobin far more strongly than oxygen, causing tissue hypoxia, while pulse oximetry can look normal. High-concentration oxygen speeds CO removal. Carboxyhaemoglobin is measured on a blood gas, and others in the home may also be at risk.
答え
D · High-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Cloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein
これが答えになる理由
Bacterial meningitis usually gives turbid CSF with raised neutrophils and protein and low glucose. Viral meningitis typically shows clear fluid with lymphocytes and normal glucose.
答え
C · Cloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein
答え: D · Late dumping with low blood glucose; check capillary glucose
これが答えになる理由
In late dumping, rapid sugar absorption triggers a large insulin release, followed by reactive hypoglycaemia 1–3 hours after eating. The nurse checks glucose and treats hypoglycaemia; dietary changes help prevent it.
答え
D · Late dumping with low blood glucose; check capillary glucose
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · About 11.5 to 16 kg
これが答えになる理由
For a normal BMI, the US Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Medicine) recommends a total gain of about 11.5 to 16 kg (25 to 35 lb), more for underweight women and less for women with obesity. The UK has no official target range; NICE focuses on healthy eating and activity.
答え
A · About 11.5 to 16 kg
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · "I will tell my midwife or doctor if I have thoughts of harming myself."
これが答えになる理由
Teaching aims to reduce shame, encourage support and make clear that thoughts of self-harm must be reported urgently. Many antidepressants are compatible with breastfeeding, and depression is a treatable illness, not a failure.
答え
A · "I will tell my midwife or doctor if I have thoughts of harming myself."
答え: A · "In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
これが答えになる理由
Dehydration promotes sickling, so children with sickle cell disease need plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather and during exercise. Seeking help for fever, avoiding cold and checking the spleen are correct.
答え
A · "In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
答え: C · "Once I've given the naloxone, I don't need to call an ambulance."
これが答えになる理由
Naloxone is short-acting, so the opioid effect can return. Emergency services must always be called, and the person must be watched until help arrives.
答え
C · "Once I've given the naloxone, I don't need to call an ambulance."
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 59.8 in
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
センチメートルからインチへ
h = 152/2.54 = 59.84 ≈ 59.8 in
答え
h = 59.8 in
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 857.5 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
濃度
50000/250 = 200 個/mL
ポンプ流量
R = 1200/200 = 6 mL/h
答え
R = 6 mL/h
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 122.5 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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