Using ESI, a stable adult with abdominal pain will need blood tests and a CT scan, but has a heart rate of 130/min. Which statement is correct?
AThe patient is level 5 because the pain is not severe
BThe patient is level 4 because the blood tests and the scan count as one resource
CThe nurse should consider level 2 because of the danger-zone vital sign
DVital signs never change the ESI level
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient is admitted with cellulitis of the leg. Why might the nurse mark the edge of the redness on the skin?
ATo help the patient find the sore area
BTo mark the site for an injection
CTo monitor whether the infection is spreading or improving
DTo show the surgeon exactly where to make the incision
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient with hypertension about their medicines. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll get up slowly from sitting."
B"I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
C"I'll keep taking my tablets even if I feel well."
D"I'll have my blood pressure checked regularly."
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
バンコマイシンのトラフ値が目標範囲を超えています。主な懸念となる有害作用はどれですか?
A低血糖
B便秘と腹部膨満
C腎障害(腎毒性)
D血小板数の増加(血小板増多症)
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Two days after bowel surgery, a patient with nasogastric suction has a distended abdomen, absent bowel sounds and muscle weakness. The potassium is 2.8 mEq/L. Which interpretation is best?
AThe low potassium is due to the patient drinking too much water
BThe potassium is normal for the second day after surgery
CHyperkalemia from tissue damage is causing the bowel to stop
DHypokalemia from gastric losses is contributing to paralytic ileus
11.薬理学ふつう
How can the absorption of oral iron be improved?
ATake it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach
BTake it with a cup of strong tea
CTake it with a glass of milk
DTake it at the same time as an antacid to protect the stomach
12.薬理学むずかしい
A malnourished patient with low serum albumin shows nystagmus and unsteady gait. Her total phenytoin level is within range. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe total level is high, but the laboratory is wrong
BLow albumin makes phenytoin bind more tightly, so the drug is less active
CLow albumin speeds up phenytoin metabolism
DMore phenytoin is unbound when albumin is low, so free levels rise
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
COPDの人に通常推奨されるワクチンはどれですか?
A5年ごとのBCGワクチン
B毎年のインフルエンザワクチンと肺炎球菌ワクチン
Cワクチンは増悪を誘発することが知られているので、一切接種しない
D毎年の破傷風の追加接種のみ
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
患者の胸腔ドレーンが、誤って引き抜かれました。直ちにすべきことは何ですか?
A滅菌の閉鎖性ドレッシングで部位を密閉し、応援を呼ぶ
B閉じ込められた空気が逃げるよう、穴を覆わないでおく
C肺を広げるため、患者に強く咳をするよう頼む
Dドレーンを胸部に押し戻し、テープで固定する
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Where is the zero point of an external ventricular drain usually levelled?
AAt the tragus of the ear
BAt the mid-axillary line of the chest
CAt the top of the head
DAt the level of the umbilicus
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with a head injury now has a blood pressure of 190/70 mmHg, a pulse of 48/min and irregular breathing. How should the nurse interpret this?
AHypovolaemic shock from internal bleeding
BA normal stress response to pain, anxiety and the noise of the ward
CCushing's triad, a late sign of raised intracranial pressure
DNeurogenic shock from a spinal cord injury
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?
AThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores
BThey cannot be given once nausea has started
CPreventing nausea works better than treating it later
DAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
During a nerve block, a patient reports a metallic taste and ringing in the ears, then has a seizure. Besides calling for help and supporting the airway, which specific treatment is given?
AIV lipid emulsion
BIV glucose 50%
CIV dantrolene
DIV naloxone
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
In which order do the final cardinal movements of labour occur after extension?
AExternal rotation, flexion, expulsion
BExpulsion, restitution, external rotation
CRestitution, external rotation, expulsion
DInternal rotation, descent, expulsion
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn born after a shoulder dystocia holds one arm limp at the side, internally rotated, with the wrist flexed. What is most likely?
ADevelopmental hip dysplasia
BFacial nerve palsy
CClubfoot
DErb's palsy
21.小児看護ふつう
Which instruction about using an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector is correct?
AInject it into the buttock muscle and then let the child walk it off at home
BUse it only after an antihistamine has failed to work
CInject into the upper arm muscle, but only after removing all the clothing first
DInject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
22.小児看護むずかしい
The nurse has taught the parents of a child with sickle cell disease. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"We'll call the hospital straight away if she has a fever."
B"We'll dress her warmly before she goes out in cold weather."
C"In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
D"We'll learn how to feel her tummy for an enlarged spleen."
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient taking an antipsychotic is going on a summer day trip. What should the nurse teach?
AExercise as hard as possible in the heat to burn off the extra weight
BAvoid all fluids so that there is less need to find a toilet
CDrink enough fluids and avoid overheating, because the medicine can affect temperature control
DStop the medicine for the day so that it does not interact with the sunlight and cause a dangerous reaction
24.精神看護むずかしい
A 50-year-old man has believed for a year that his wife is unfaithful. He works normally, his speech is organised and he has no hallucinations. Which diagnosis is most likely?
答え: A · Wait about 15–30 minutes, as the reading may be falsely low
これが答えになる理由
Hot or cold drinks, eating and smoking change the temperature in the mouth for a while. The nurse waits 15–30 minutes or uses another site.
答え
A · Wait about 15–30 minutes, as the reading may be falsely low
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
これが答えになる理由
When an airborne-precaution patient must leave the room, they wear a surgical mask to contain respiratory secretions. Staff in close contact still wear respirators as per policy, and the receiving department is informed.
答え
D · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
答え: C · The nurse should consider level 2 because of the danger-zone vital sign
これが答えになる理由
In ESI, a patient who needs two or more resources is level 3, but danger-zone vital signs such as a very fast heart rate should make the nurse consider level 2.
答え
C · The nurse should consider level 2 because of the danger-zone vital sign
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · To monitor whether the infection is spreading or improving
これが答えになる理由
Marking the margin helps staff see whether the redness is spreading despite treatment, which may mean antibiotics need review. The limb is also elevated and observations monitored.
答え
C · To monitor whether the infection is spreading or improving
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
これが答えになる理由
Hypertension usually needs long-term treatment; stopping because readings are normal often makes blood pressure rise again. Patients should discuss any changes with their prescriber.
答え
B · "I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."
答え: D · Hypokalemia from gastric losses is contributing to paralytic ileus
これが答えになる理由
Gastric suction removes potassium and causes metabolic alkalosis, which shifts more potassium into cells. Low potassium reduces smooth muscle contraction and contributes to ileus and weakness. The provider is informed and potassium is replaced as prescribed.確認に用いた資料:Hypokalemia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2025)
答え
D · Hypokalemia from gastric losses is contributing to paralytic ileus
11.薬理学
答え: A · Take it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach
これが答えになる理由
Vitamin C keeps iron in its more absorbable ferrous form. Milk, antacids, tea and some antibiotics reduce iron absorption. If the stomach becomes upset, it may be taken with food, accepting lower absorption.
答え
A · Take it with vitamin C, such as orange juice, on an empty stomach
12.薬理学
答え: D · More phenytoin is unbound when albumin is low, so free levels rise
これが答えになる理由
Phenytoin is highly protein bound. When albumin is low, the free fraction rises, so toxicity can occur with a "normal" total level; a free phenytoin level or corrected level is more useful.
答え
D · More phenytoin is unbound when albumin is low, so free levels rise
The EVD is levelled at the tragus, which approximates the foramen of Monro. If the head of the bed is changed, the drain must be re-levelled, because its height decides how much CSF drains.
答え
A · At the tragus of the ear
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Cushing's triad, a late sign of raised intracranial pressure
これが答えになる理由
Cushing's triad is hypertension with a widening pulse pressure, bradycardia and irregular respiration. It shows that the brainstem is being compressed and herniation may be imminent, so it is an emergency.
答え
C · Cushing's triad, a late sign of raised intracranial pressure
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Preventing nausea works better than treating it later
これが答えになる理由
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is better prevented than treated. Antiemetics are given before treatment and regularly afterwards, according to how emetogenic the regimen is.
答え
C · Preventing nausea works better than treating it later
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · IV lipid emulsion
これが答えになる理由
These are signs of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity. The injection is stopped, help is called, the airway is secured and seizures are treated. IV lipid emulsion is the specific treatment, especially if the circulation is affected.
答え
A · IV lipid emulsion
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Restitution, external rotation, expulsion
これが答えになる理由
After extension delivers the head, it rotates back into line with the shoulders (restitution), then rotates further as the shoulders turn (external rotation), and finally the body is born (expulsion).
答え
C · Restitution, external rotation, expulsion
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Erb's palsy
これが答えになる理由
Erb's palsy (C5–C6 injury) gives the "waiter's tip" posture and an absent Moro on that side. Most recover with gentle positioning and physiotherapy.
答え
D · Erb's palsy
21.小児看護
答え: D · Inject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
これが答えになる理由
Auto-injectors are given into the outer mid-thigh and can go through clothing. Emergency services are called after every use, as symptoms can recur, and a second dose may be needed.
答え
D · Inject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
22.小児看護
答え: C · "In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
これが答えになる理由
Dehydration promotes sickling, so children with sickle cell disease need plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather and during exercise. Seeking help for fever, avoiding cold and checking the spleen are correct.
答え
C · "In summer she can drink less so she doesn't need the toilet at school."
23.精神看護
答え: C · Drink enough fluids and avoid overheating, because the medicine can affect temperature control
これが答えになる理由
Antipsychotics, especially those with anticholinergic effects, can impair sweating and thermoregulation, increasing the risk of heat stroke. Hydration, shade and avoiding strenuous activity in the heat are advised.
答え
C · Drink enough fluids and avoid overheating, because the medicine can affect temperature control
24.精神看護
答え: D · Delusional disorder
これが答えになる理由
Delusional disorder involves one or more delusions for at least 1 month, without other prominent symptoms of schizophrenia, and functioning is not markedly impaired apart from the effects of the delusion. Jealous delusions are one recognised type.
答え
D · Delusional disorder
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 38.7 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
101.7 − 32 = 69.7
5/9を掛ける
T = 69.7·5/9 = 38.72 ≈ 38.7 °C
答え
T = 38.7 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 51.36 mg/h
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 8 mcg/kg/min × 107 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
濃度
25000/250 = 100 個/mL
ポンプ流量
R = 1500/100 = 15 mL/h
答え
R = 15 mL/h
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 480 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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