Why is a patient with a suspected spinal injury moved by log-rolling?
AIt lets the patient help with the turn
BIt keeps the head, neck and spine aligned as one unit
CIt is the fastest way to turn any patient, whatever their condition
DIt reduces the number of staff needed
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Why is heat usually avoided on a fresh soft-tissue injury during the first day?
AIt numbs the area so the patient cannot feel pain
BIt makes the muscles weaker for several weeks
CIt narrows blood vessels and reduces blood flow to the injury
DIt widens blood vessels and can increase swelling and bleeding
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
患者の血液が誤って目に飛び込んだ後、看護師は何をすべきですか?
A処置を終えてから、翌日に報告する
B直ちに大量の水または生理食塩水で目を洗い、その後に報告する
C抗菌薬の点眼をして、誰にも言わない
Dまず清潔で乾いたティッシュで目をそっとこすって血液を取る
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse has a needlestick from a patient with hepatitis B. The nurse finished the vaccine series and has a documented protective antibody level. Which statement is correct?
ANo reporting is needed because the nurse is immune
BThe nurse must stop all patient care for six months
CNo hepatitis B treatment is needed, but the injury is still reported and followed up
DHepatitis B immune globulin and a complete new vaccine series are both needed at once
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
看護師が、ベッドの脇の床に倒れている患者を見つけました。最初の行動は何ですか?
A何が起きたかを説明するため、患者の家族に電話する
B同僚の手を借りて、すぐに患者をベッドに戻す
C動かす前に、反応の有無とけがをアセスメントする
D詳細を覚えているうちに、インシデントレポートを完成させる
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
忙しい勤務中に、4 つの業務が予定されています。看護師が最初に行うべきなのはどれですか?
A管理者の監査の前に、看護計画を更新すること
B安定した患者が明日のメニューカードを記入するのを手伝うこと
C敗血症が疑われる患者への、静脈内抗菌薬の初回投与
D同じ時刻に予定されている、毎日のビタミン錠の定時投与
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which of these is one of the "4 Hs", the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?
AHypertension
BHyperventilation
CHypoxia
DHyperthyroidism
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A catheterised postoperative patient has passed only 10 mL of urine in the last two hours. What should the nurse check first?
AWhether the patient has eaten breakfast
BThe patient's weight from last year
CThat the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
DThe patient's cholesterol level from the admission bloods
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
On the first day after major surgery, a patient's white cell count is 12.5 × 10³/µL, with no fever or wound signs. What is the best interpretation?
ADefinite wound infection that needs antibiotics now
BA common stress response to surgery that is monitored
CA sign of leukemia that needs bone marrow testing
DA laboratory error, since surgery lowers white cells
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has fatigue, weight loss, darkening of the skin and low blood pressure. Results: sodium 130 mEq/L, potassium 5.6 mEq/L. Which test pattern would confirm primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)?
ALow cortisol with a low ACTH
BLow cortisol with a high ACTH
CHigh cortisol with a low ACTH
DHigh cortisol with a high ACTH
11.薬理学ふつう
Which group of signs suggests opioid withdrawal?
AConstipation, itching and a slow heart rate
BDry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision and confusion
CYawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea
A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?
A"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
B"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."
C"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
D"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A nurse is teaching a patient going home after a mild concussion. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
B"I will come back if I start vomiting again and again."
C"Someone will stay with me for the first night."
D"I will return if my headache gets steadily worse."
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A day after a total thyroidectomy, a patient has tingling lips, a positive Chvostek's sign and a corrected calcium of 1.85 mmol/L (about 7.4 mg/dL). What does the nurse expect?
AA loop diuretic to remove the extra calcium
BIV calcium gluconate and monitoring for laryngospasm
COral levothyroxine, with a recheck of the calcium in a month
DIV potassium chloride and a fluid restriction
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which neutrophil count indicates severe neutropenia?
AAbove 10 × 109/L
BAbove 2.0 × 109/L
CBelow 7.5 × 109/L
DBelow 0.5 × 109/L
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Four hours after surgery, a catheterised patient's urine output has been 10 mL/h for two hours. Vital signs are stable. What should the nurse check first?
AThe time the patient last ate
BThat the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
CWhether the patient wants a cup of tea
DYesterday's chest X-ray and blood gas results
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
After a circumcision, which finding should be reported?
AActive bleeding that soaks a nappy
BFussiness at the first nappy change
CA yellowish film over the glans on day 2
DMild swelling of the glans
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 41 weeks has a Bishop score of 3 and is booked for induction. What is the most likely first step?
ACervical ripening with a prostaglandin
BA high-dose oxytocin infusion straight away
CAn immediate amniotomy at the bedside
DAn emergency caesarean
21.小児看護ふつう
細気管支炎の乳児に最も役立つ看護はどれですか?
A気道の分泌物が排出されるよう、うつぶせで平らに寝かせる
B授乳前の優しい鼻吸引と、水分状態および酸素飽和度のモニタリング
C乳児が改善するまで、すべての授乳を中止する
D定期的な抗菌薬
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child on chemotherapy for leukaemia was in close contact with a classmate who has chickenpox. What should the nurse do?
AReassure the family, as chickenpox is mild in all children
BWait to see whether a rash develops before acting
CGive the live varicella vaccine to the child that same day to boost immunity
DTell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
23.精神看護ふつう
According to DSM-5, how long must signs of the disturbance last before schizophrenia can be diagnosed?
AAt least 2 years, including 6 months of active symptoms
BAt least 1 month, with no further time required
CAt least 2 weeks of continuous symptoms
DAt least 6 months, including at least 1 month of active symptoms
24.精神看護むずかしい
For the last 3 years a man has had frequent periods of mildly raised mood and periods of low mood. None has been severe enough to count as hypomania or a major depressive episode. Which diagnosis fits best?
答え: C · No hepatitis B treatment is needed, but the injury is still reported and followed up
これが答えになる理由
A documented vaccine responder is protected against hepatitis B and needs no hepatitis B prophylaxis. The exposure is still reported, because the nurse and source patient need assessment for HIV and hepatitis C as well.
答え
C · No hepatitis B treatment is needed, but the injury is still reported and followed up
The 4 Hs are hypoxia, hypovolaemia, hypo- or hyperkalaemia and other metabolic causes, and hypothermia. The 4 Ts are thrombosis, tension pneumothorax, tamponade and toxins.
答え
C · Hypoxia
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · That the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
これが答えになる理由
A sudden fall in catheter output may be due to a kinked, clamped or blocked catheter. If it is draining freely, the nurse assesses fluid status and vital signs and escalates possible hypovolaemia or AKI.
答え
C · That the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · A common stress response to surgery that is monitored
これが答えになる理由
A mild leukocytosis is common after surgery because of tissue injury and the stress response. It is monitored along with temperature and wound assessment. A rising count after several days, or fever, suggests infection.確認に用いた資料:WBC count · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · A common stress response to surgery that is monitored
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Low cortisol with a high ACTH
これが答えになる理由
In primary adrenal insufficiency the adrenal glands fail, so cortisol is low and the pituitary responds with high ACTH, which also darkens the skin. Low cortisol with low ACTH suggests a pituitary cause. An ACTH stimulation test confirms the diagnosis.確認に用いた資料:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023); Cortisol Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · Low cortisol with a high ACTH
11.薬理学
答え: C · Yawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea
これが答えになる理由
Opioid withdrawal causes rhinorrhoea, lacrimation, yawning, sweating, mydriasis, cramps, diarrhoea and anxiety. It is very unpleasant but rarely life-threatening in healthy adults.
答え
C · Yawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea
答え: C · "I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
これが答えになる理由
In SBAR, the recommendation states clearly what the nurse needs and how quickly, such as a review within a set time. The other statements belong to situation, background and assessment. Structured communication reduces delays in escalation.
答え
C · "I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · "A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
これが答えになる理由
After a head injury, alcohol and sedatives should be avoided because they can mask drowsiness and confusion. A responsible adult should stay with the patient, and worsening headache, repeated vomiting, confusion or drowsiness mean they must return.
答え
A · "A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · IV calcium gluconate and monitoring for laryngospasm
これが答えになる理由
Symptomatic hypocalcaemia is treated with IV calcium gluconate, followed by oral calcium and often vitamin D. Severe hypocalcaemia can cause laryngospasm, seizures and arrhythmias, so the airway and ECG are monitored.
答え
B · IV calcium gluconate and monitoring for laryngospasm
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Below 0.5 × 109/L
これが答えになる理由
A neutrophil count below 0.5 × 109/L (500/mm³) is severe neutropenia, with a high risk of life-threatening infection. Fever in this setting is treated as neutropenic sepsis.
答え
D · Below 0.5 × 109/L
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · That the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
これが答えになる理由
A sudden low output may be due to a kinked tube or blocked catheter. If drainage is normal, hypovolaemia or kidney injury is considered and the team is informed, with a fluid assessment.
答え
B · That the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Active bleeding that soaks a nappy
これが答えになる理由
A yellow film is normal granulation tissue, and mild swelling and fussiness are common. Persistent bleeding, signs of infection or failure to pass urine should be reported.
答え
A · Active bleeding that soaks a nappy
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Cervical ripening with a prostaglandin
これが答えになる理由
A low Bishop score means the cervix is not ready. Cervical ripening with prostaglandins or a balloon catheter is done before oxytocin or amniotomy, which may not be possible with a closed cervix.
答え: D · Tell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
これが答えになる理由
In immunosuppressed children, chickenpox can cause severe pneumonia, hepatitis and encephalitis. After exposure, the team may give varicella-zoster immunoglobulin or antivirals. Live varicella vaccine is not given during chemotherapy.
答え
D · Tell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
23.精神看護
答え: D · At least 6 months, including at least 1 month of active symptoms
これが答えになる理由
Schizophrenia needs continuous signs for at least 6 months, with at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations. An episode of 1 to 6 months is schizophreniform disorder.
答え
D · At least 6 months, including at least 1 month of active symptoms
24.精神看護
答え: C · Cyclothymic disorder
これが答えになる理由
Cyclothymic disorder involves at least 2 years (1 year in young people) of many hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet full criteria for hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
答え
C · Cyclothymic disorder
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 41.1 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
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