AWhen contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
BOnly when the patient is known to have an infection
COnly when handling medicines
DFor every patient contact, including taking a pulse or blood pressure
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
In a patient with sepsis, what does a raised blood lactate suggest?
AThe infection has been cured
BThe kidneys are making too much urine
CThe tissues are not getting enough oxygen
DThe patient has eaten recently
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A woman who is pregnant asks for the MMR vaccine because she is not immune to rubella. What is correct?
AMMR is only given to pregnant women who work in hospitals
BMMR is safe at any stage of pregnancy
CMMR should be given as soon as possible in the first trimester to protect the baby
DMMR is a live vaccine and is not given during pregnancy, but can be given after delivery
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
活動性の肺結核の患者が、面会者に来てほしいと頼みます。最善の対応はどれですか?
A面会者に、部屋に入らず開いた戸口に立ってもらう
B電話も含めて、すべての接触を恒久的に禁止する
Cリスクを説明し、面会を制限し、用意された防護具を使うよう面会者に指導する
D患者を支えるため、あらゆる面会者を予防策なしで入室させる
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
One day after surgery, a patient walked safely with the RN this morning. The RN now asks a nursing assistant to walk her again. Which instruction is most important?
A“Make sure she wears her own slippers if she has them.”
B“Walk her to the end of the corridor and back twice before lunch.”
C“Stop and call me at once if she feels dizzy or short of breath.”
D“Try to finish the walk before the lunch trays arrive.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A medical-unit nurse is floated to intensive care and given a patient on a ventilator, which the nurse has never managed. What is the best response?
ARefuse to work and go home, because the assignment is unsafe
BLeave the intensive care unit and go back to the medical unit without telling anyone
CAccept the full assignment without comment to avoid conflict
DTell the charge nurse about the gap, accept tasks within competence and ask for support
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which finding with a groin hernia needs urgent surgical review?
AThe lump has been present for several years without pain
BThe lump disappears completely when the patient lies down flat
CThe lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
DThe lump gets bigger when the patient coughs
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure about self-care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will report it if I need more pillows to sleep."
B"I will weigh myself each morning after passing urine."
C"I only need to weigh myself once a month."
D"I will take my water tablet in the morning."
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has a hot, swollen big toe. The serum uric acid is normal. Which statement is correct?
AGout is ruled out, as uric acid is always high in an attack
BGout is certain, as a normal urate proves the diagnosis
CGout can only be diagnosed with a CT scan of the foot
DGout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on digoxin has a calcium of 12.1 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) and new nausea and a slow pulse. Why is the calcium result important?
AHigh calcium blocks digoxin, so the drug stops working
BHigh calcium makes the kidneys clear digoxin faster
CHigh calcium only matters if the potassium is also high
DHigh calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient must mix regular (soluble) insulin and NPH (isophane) insulin in one syringe. What is the correct order?
AShake both vials hard, then draw them up in any order
BDraw up the clear regular insulin first, then the cloudy NPH insulin
CDraw them up in separate syringes, then mix them in a cup
DDraw up the cloudy NPH insulin first, then the clear regular insulin
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient who has had several courses of bleomycin develops a dry cough and worsening breathlessness. What should the nurse suspect?
AAsthma caused by anxiety
BPulmonary fibrosis from bleomycin
CA normal effect that will pass in a day
DHeart failure from bleomycin
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?
ASitting upright and leaning forward over a table
BFlat on the back with the legs raised
CLying on the affected side with the head down
DProne with the arms by the sides
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with a tracheostomy suddenly becomes distressed, and a suction catheter will not pass down the tube. What should the nurse do first?
AGive a nebulised bronchodilator
BIncrease the oxygen and wait
CRemove the inner cannula
DInflate the cuff with more air
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?
AGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
BAir entering the abdomen during exchanges
CProtein lost into the dialysis fluid
DSodium lost into the dialysis fluid
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
An 84-year-old man became more confused a week after starting oxybutynin. Infection has been ruled out. What should the nurse suspect?
AAnticholinergic side effects of the drug
BA sign that the drug dose is too low
CA symptom of a high potassium from the drug
DNormal ageing that needs no review
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?
ABecause they need to go home before midday
BTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
CBecause their surgery always takes longer than others
DBecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with a PICC line develops swelling and aching of the same arm and prominent veins on the chest. What should the nurse suspect?
AA catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
BNormal swelling after line insertion
CLymphoedema from a previous operation
DAn allergy to the dressing
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
妊娠 30 週で、期待される成長と一致する子宮底長はどれですか?
A18 cm
B29 cm
C22 cm
D36 cm
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 9 weeks has hCG levels that are much higher than expected, a uterus large for dates, severe vomiting and dark brown spotting. Which condition should be suspected?
AA missed miscarriage
BAn ectopic pregnancy
CA threatened miscarriage
DA hydatidiform (molar) pregnancy
21.小児看護ふつう
A child's tonic–clonic seizure has lasted more than 5 minutes. What should the nurse do?
AWait another 15 minutes, because most seizures stop on their own
BPut a tongue depressor between the child's teeth
CHold the child's arms and legs firmly to stop the movements
DGive the prescribed rescue medicine and call for emergency help
22.小児看護むずかしい
A child with leukaemia and a very high white cell count starts chemotherapy. Which blood results suggest tumour lysis syndrome?
ALow potassium, low phosphate, low uric acid and high calcium
BLow haemoglobin and low platelets with a normal potassium
CHigh sodium, high glucose, low albumin and low urea
DHigh potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
23.精神看護ふつう
An agitated patient has not responded to verbal de-escalation. A PRN medicine is prescribed. What is the most appropriate step?
AOffer the oral medicine first, before considering an injection
BGive an intramuscular injection at once without offering any choice
CPlace him in seclusion and then decide about medicine later
DHide the medicine in his drink without telling him
24.精神看護むずかしい
Which intervention is most appropriate for an older patient with delirium?
AKeep the lights on and the television loud all night to keep her alert and stop her from sleeping too much
BMove the patient to a different room each day
CProvide orientation cues, make sure glasses and hearing aids are used, and involve the family
DUse physical restraints at night to prevent falls
答え: A · When contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
これが答えになる理由
Under standard precautions, gloves are worn when exposure to blood or body fluids is likely. Wearing them for all contact gives false security and can spread germs if not changed.
答え
A · When contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · The tissues are not getting enough oxygen
これが答えになる理由
When tissues are poorly perfused they switch to anaerobic metabolism and produce lactate. A raised lactate in sepsis signals higher risk and the need for urgent treatment.
答え
C · The tissues are not getting enough oxygen
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · MMR is a live vaccine and is not given during pregnancy, but can be given after delivery
これが答えになる理由
Live vaccines such as MMR and varicella are not given during pregnancy. A non-immune woman is vaccinated after delivery, and pregnancy is avoided for a period after vaccination.
答え
D · MMR is a live vaccine and is not given during pregnancy, but can be given after delivery
答え: C · “Stop and call me at once if she feels dizzy or short of breath.”
これが答えになる理由
Clear delegation includes what to watch for and when to report. Dizziness or breathlessness may mean low blood pressure, bleeding or a pulmonary embolism, so the nurse must know at once.
答え
C · “Stop and call me at once if she feels dizzy or short of breath.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Tell the charge nurse about the gap, accept tasks within competence and ask for support
これが答えになる理由
A nurse should clearly state the limits of their competence and ask for an assignment or support that keeps patients safe. Leaving without handover would be patient abandonment.
答え
D · Tell the charge nurse about the gap, accept tasks within competence and ask for support
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · The lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
これが答えになる理由
An irreducible, painful, tender hernia, especially with vomiting, suggests incarceration or strangulation. This is a surgical emergency because the trapped bowel can become ischaemic.
答え
C · The lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · "I only need to weigh myself once a month."
これが答えになる理由
Daily weights at the same time with the same scales detect fluid retention early. A rapid gain, worsening breathlessness or needing more pillows should be reported.
答え
C · "I only need to weigh myself once a month."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Gout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack
これが答えになる理由
Serum urate can be normal or even low during an acute gout attack. The definitive test is joint aspiration showing needle-shaped urate crystals, which also helps rule out septic arthritis.確認に用いた資料:Gout · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Synovial Fluid Analysis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
D · Gout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · High calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Hypercalcemia, like hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin and raises the risk of toxic arrhythmias. Nausea and bradycardia suggest toxicity, so the nurse holds the dose and reports the findings.
答え
D · High calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
11.薬理学
答え: B · Draw up the clear regular insulin first, then the cloudy NPH insulin
これが答えになる理由
Drawing up regular insulin first prevents NPH from contaminating the regular insulin vial. NPH is gently rolled, not shaken, to mix it.
答え
B · Draw up the clear regular insulin first, then the cloudy NPH insulin
12.薬理学
答え: B · Pulmonary fibrosis from bleomycin
これが答えになる理由
Bleomycin can cause pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, especially at higher cumulative doses. New respiratory symptoms are reported, and lung function may be monitored.
答え
B · Pulmonary fibrosis from bleomycin
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Sitting upright and leaning forward over a table
これが答えになる理由
Sitting upright and leaning forward on a bedside table widens the intercostal spaces at the back and lets the fluid settle at the base. If the patient cannot sit, lying on the unaffected side may be used.
答え
A · Sitting upright and leaning forward over a table
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Remove the inner cannula
これが答えになる理由
Tracheostomy emergency guidance is to remove the inner cannula first, because it may be blocked with secretions. If the patient does not improve, the cuff is deflated and the tube may need to be removed. Oxygen is applied to the face and the stoma, and emergency help is called.
答え
C · Remove the inner cannula
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Glucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
これが答えになる理由
Standard PD fluids contain glucose to pull water out by osmosis. Some glucose is absorbed, adding calories and raising blood glucose. Glucose monitoring and diet advice are needed, and other solutions may be used.
答え
A · Glucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Anticholinergic side effects of the drug
これが答えになる理由
Anticholinergic drugs such as oxybutynin can cause confusion and worsen cognition in older people. The prescriber should review the medicine and the patient's overall anticholinergic burden.
答え
A · Anticholinergic side effects of the drug
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · To shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
Shorter fasting reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia and makes it easier to restart normal eating and medicines. Glucose is monitored, and a variable-rate insulin infusion may be used for longer fasts.
答え
B · To shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · A catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
これが答えになる理由
PICCs increase the risk of upper limb DVT. Arm swelling, pain and dilated superficial veins are reported for ultrasound assessment and possible anticoagulation; the line is not used until reviewed.
答え
A · A catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · 29 cm
これが答えになる理由
妊娠 30 週で期待される子宮底長は約 28~32 cm です。妊娠週数との差が 2~3 cm を超える場合は、通常は超音波検査などでフォローアップします。
答え
B · 29 cm
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · A hydatidiform (molar) pregnancy
これが答えになる理由
A molar pregnancy causes very high hCG, a uterus larger than dates, hyperemesis and bleeding. Ectopic and failing pregnancies usually have lower than expected hCG.
答え
D · A hydatidiform (molar) pregnancy
21.小児看護
答え: D · Give the prescribed rescue medicine and call for emergency help
これが答えになる理由
A seizure lasting 5 minutes or more is treated as possible status epilepticus. Rescue medicine such as buccal or intranasal midazolam, or rectal or intranasal diazepam, is given according to the care plan, and emergency help is called. The child is never restrained and nothing is put in the mouth.
答え
D · Give the prescribed rescue medicine and call for emergency help
22.小児看護
答え: D · High potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
これが答えになる理由
Rapid breakdown of tumour cells releases potassium, phosphate and nucleic acids (forming uric acid); phosphate binds calcium, lowering it. This can cause arrhythmias and kidney failure, so hydration, allopurinol or rasburicase and close monitoring are used.
答え
D · High potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
23.精神看護
答え: A · Offer the oral medicine first, before considering an injection
これが答えになる理由
Offering oral medication respects choice and is less restrictive than an injection. Covert administration is only lawful in specific, documented circumstances, not as a routine approach.
答え
A · Offer the oral medicine first, before considering an injection
24.精神看護
答え: C · Provide orientation cues, make sure glasses and hearing aids are used, and involve the family
これが答えになる理由
Non-drug measures, such as clocks and calendars, sensory aids, a normal sleep-wake cycle, mobility, hydration and familiar people, help while the underlying cause is treated. Restraints and frequent moves worsen delirium.
答え
C · Provide orientation cues, make sure glasses and hearing aids are used, and involve the family
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
体重から求めた投与量
12.5·24 = 300 mg
体積
V = (300/100)·5 = 15 mL
答え
V = 15 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 185 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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