A student nurse is asked to carry out a procedure they have not been trained to do. What should they do?
ADo it anyway, carefully, to avoid upsetting the team or delaying care
BAsk the patient to talk them through it
CWatch a video and then do it alone
DExplain that they have not been trained and ask for supervision
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A toddler is brought in with bruises on both cheeks and the parent's explanation does not fit the injuries. What should the nurse do?
ADocument accurately and follow the child safeguarding procedure
BSend the child home and phone the family next week
CIgnore it, as children often bruise themselves
DConfront the parent and ask them directly whether they hurt the child
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Before a defibrillator shock is delivered, what must the person operating it do?
ACall “all clear” and check that nobody is touching the patient or bed
BHold the patient’s hand to keep them still
CAsk a colleague to hold the paddles in place
DKeep the oxygen mask on the patient’s face, held against the chest
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse sees a doctor about to insert a central line without a sterile gown, and a polite comment was ignored. Which TeamSTEPPS phrase helps to stop the procedure?
A“I am sure you know what you are doing.”
B“Let’s talk about it after you have finished.”
C“I am concerned, I am uncomfortable, this is a safety issue.”
D“I will mention this to the manager at the next staff meeting.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient with a valid do-not-resuscitate order (DNR; called DNACPR in the UK) stops breathing and has no pulse. What should the nurse do?
AStart chest compressions but not rescue breaths
BFollow the DNR order and do not start CPR
CStart CPR and stop when the family arrives
DCall the cardiac arrest team and let them decide
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
After the RN taught a patient to inject insulin, an LPN/LVN reports that the patient still cannot draw up the dose correctly. What should happen next?
AThe RN reassesses the patient’s learning needs and adjusts the teaching
BThe nursing assistant shows the patient again at lunch
CThe LPN/LVN writes a new teaching plan and evaluates it at the end of the shift
DThe patient is discharged with a leaflet to read at home
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with pneumonia is breathless and coughing up thick sputum. Which nursing measure helps most with breathing?
ALying the patient flat so that they can rest and conserve energy
BDiscouraging coughing to save energy
CSitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
DRestricting all oral fluids
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Why might a patient with diabetes who takes a beta-blocker not notice hypoglycaemia early?
ABeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so true hypoglycaemia cannot happen at all
BBeta-blockers stop the liver from responding to insulin
CBeta-blockers make the patient sleep through the night
DBeta-blockers can mask warning signs such as tremor and a fast heart rate
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
How does normal pregnancy usually affect serum creatinine?
AIt stays exactly the same
BIt rises with every week
CIt falls, because GFR rises
DIt rises, because GFR falls
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with suspected Cushing syndrome takes dexamethasone at night. The next morning, the cortisol is still high. What does this suggest?
AThe result is normal, as dexamethasone raises cortisol
BThe patient has primary hypothyroidism instead
CThe adrenal glands are not able to produce enough cortisol
DCortisol is being produced without normal feedback control
11.薬理学ふつう
A prescriber gives a verbal medication order in an emergency. What should the nurse do?
AWrite it down and read it back to the prescriber to confirm
BAsk another nurse to remember the order
CGive the drug without recording the order
DRemember it and write it in the chart at the end of the shift
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient who used cocaine has chest pain, agitation, a high temperature, sweating, tachycardia and dilated pupils. Which drug class is commonly first-line for the agitation and sympathetic overactivity?
AAntihistamines
BOpioid antagonists
CAnticholinergic drugs
DBenzodiazepines
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?
AAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
BTake an extra dose if the ankles swell
CExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes
DKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A day after a myocardial infarction, a patient has frequent ventricular ectopic beats on the monitor. Which blood results should be checked first?
AFerritin and vitamin B12
BAmylase and lipase
CAlbumin and bilirubin
DPotassium and magnesium
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?
AWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months
BAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done
CStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone
DStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches a woman with recurrent UTIs. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will wipe from front to back."
B"I will hold my urine for as long as I can."
C"I will pass urine soon after sex."
D"I will drink enough fluids during the day."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
For which stoma can colostomy irrigation be considered?
AAn ileal conduit draining urine
BAny stoma that has liquid or very loose output
CAn established descending or sigmoid colostomy
DA new ileostomy in the first week
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Which patient has the highest risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting?
AA man with no history of nausea having local anaesthetic only
BA male smoker having a short procedure without opioids
CA smoker who has never had nausea after surgery
DA non-smoking woman with motion sickness who will need opioids
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman is 5 days after birth. She cries often, sleeps poorly when the baby sleeps and feels she is a bad mother. What should the nurse do?
ATell her this is the baby blues and will pass
BAdvise her to stop breastfeeding to rest
CScreen further for depression and self-harm
DTell her partner to take over all baby care
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 36 weeks has a positive syphilis test confirmed for the first time. What should the nurse expect?
ATermination of the pregnancy is required
BNo treatment until after the birth
CPenicillin now and assessment of the baby at birth
DOnly the partner needs to be treated
21.小児看護ふつう
Which is the main modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes in adolescents?
AA viral infection in early childhood
BObesity with low physical activity
CA family history of diabetes
DBeing of a particular ethnic background
22.小児看護むずかしい
A baby born to a mother who used opioids in pregnancy has a high-pitched cry, tremors, sneezing and poor feeding. Which plan is best?
AKeep the baby in a bright, busy area of the unit and stimulate them often to keep them awake
BLow-stimulation care, swaddling, small frequent feeds and a withdrawal scoring tool
CGive naloxone to reverse the effects of the opioid
DDelay all feeds until the tremors and sneezing have settled
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient who started lithium 2 weeks ago has a fine tremor of the hands and is passing more urine than usual. Her level is within the therapeutic range. How should the nurse interpret this?
AThese are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored
BThese are definite signs of severe lithium toxicity, so emergency dialysis is needed straight away
CThese symptoms mean that the lithium is not working, so the dose should be stopped and a new drug chosen
DThese are signs of an allergic reaction, so she should never take lithium again
24.精神看護むずかしい
On the day after hip surgery, a 58-year-old patient has a new tremor, sweating, anxiety and a fast pulse. He did not report any alcohol use on admission. What should the nurse do?
AAsk him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
BTell him that his symptoms are normal after hip surgery
CAssume he has post-operative pain and give extra analgesia only
DWait until the next day to see if the symptoms go away on their own once his pain is better controlled
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の身長は 4 ft 10 in です。1 ft = 12 in と 1 in = 2.54 cm を使って、身長 h をセンチメートルで、cm の整数に丸めて求めてください。
4 ft 10 in1 ft = 12 in1 in = 2.54 cm
h = cm
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 19:30 に始まり、翌朝の 04:35 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何分 t 続きましたか。
19:3004:35
t = min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
患者の体重は 30 kg です。指示量は 1 日 30 mg/kg で、3 回に等分して投与します。1 回あたり何 mg D 投与しますか?
30 kg30 mg/kg/日3× 1 日あたり
D = mg
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
患者の体重は 33 lb です。処方は 1 回量として 10 mg/kg で、原液は 1 mL 中に 40 mg を含みます。1 kg = 2.2 lb として、何 mL V 投与しますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
33 lb10 mg/kg40 mg/1 mL1 kg = 2.2 lb
V = mL
29.点滴速度ふつう
60 滴/mL の輸液セットで 500 mL を 12 時間かけて投与します。滴下速度 R を 1 分あたりの滴数で求めなさい。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
500 mL12 h60 gtt/mL
R = gtt/min
30.点滴速度むずかしい
点滴が 60 滴/mL のセットで 28 滴/分で落ちています。バッグには 450 mL 残っています。あと何時間 t で空になりますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
28 gtt/min60 gtt/mL450 mL
t = h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 輸液には 100 mL 中に速効型インスリン 100 単位が含まれています。体重 76 kg の患者に 0.1 単位/kg/h の指示が出ています。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
100 個/100 mL0.1 個/kg/h76 kg
R = mL/h
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 61 kg の患者に、nitroglycerinを 20 mcg/min で投与する指示が出ています。バッグには 250 mL 中に 25 mg が含まれています。ポンプの流量 R を mL/h で求めてください。 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
25 mg/250 mL20 mcg/min61 kg
R = mL/h
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。点滴は勤務帯の間ずっと表示の流量で投与されました。水分出納 B = 摂取量 − 排泄量 を mL で求めてください(負の答えは正味の喪失を意味します)。 氷片は体積の半分として数えます。
答え: D · Explain that they have not been trained and ask for supervision
これが答えになる理由
Nurses and students must only practise within their competence. Saying so, and asking to observe or be supervised, protects the patient and the student.
答え
D · Explain that they have not been trained and ask for supervision
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Document accurately and follow the child safeguarding procedure
これが答えになる理由
Injuries that do not match the explanation are a warning sign. The nurse records facts, not opinions, and refers through safeguarding procedures without confronting the family.
答え
A · Document accurately and follow the child safeguarding procedure
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Call “all clear” and check that nobody is touching the patient or bed
これが答えになる理由
Anyone touching the patient or bed could receive the shock. The operator announces “clear” and looks to confirm that nobody is in contact, and oxygen is moved away from the chest.
答え
A · Call “all clear” and check that nobody is touching the patient or bed
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · “I am concerned, I am uncomfortable, this is a safety issue.”
これが答えになる理由
CUS words (Concerned, Uncomfortable, Safety issue) are agreed language that signals the need to stop and listen. Maximal barrier precautions are part of the central line bundle, so the concern is valid.
答え
C · “I am concerned, I am uncomfortable, this is a safety issue.”
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Follow the DNR order and do not start CPR
これが答えになる理由
A valid DNR order means CPR is not started. The nurse keeps the patient comfortable, informs the provider and supports the family.
答え
B · Follow the DNR order and do not start CPR
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · The RN reassesses the patient’s learning needs and adjusts the teaching
これが答えになる理由
Evaluating learning and changing the teaching plan belong to the RN. The LPN/LVN can reinforce teaching, but a teaching plan that is not working needs RN reassessment.
答え
A · The RN reassesses the patient’s learning needs and adjusts the teaching
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Sitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
これが答えになる理由
An upright position improves lung expansion, and adequate fluids, deep breathing and coughing help clear sputum. Oxygen is given to target saturations if needed.
答え
C · Sitting the patient upright and supporting them to clear secretions
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · Beta-blockers can mask warning signs such as tremor and a fast heart rate
これが答えになる理由
Tremor, palpitations and anxiety in hypoglycaemia are driven by the sympathetic system, which beta-blockers blunt. Sweating is often still present, and patients need to monitor glucose closely.
答え
D · Beta-blockers can mask warning signs such as tremor and a fast heart rate
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · It falls, because GFR rises
これが答えになる理由
In pregnancy, kidney blood flow and GFR rise by about 50%, so creatinine falls below non-pregnant values. A creatinine that looks "normal" for a non-pregnant adult may indicate reduced kidney function in pregnancy.
答え
C · It falls, because GFR rises
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Cortisol is being produced without normal feedback control
これが答えになる理由
Dexamethasone normally suppresses ACTH and lowers morning cortisol. Failure to suppress suggests autonomous cortisol excess (Cushing syndrome). Further tests then find the source, such as a pituitary or adrenal tumor.
答え
D · Cortisol is being produced without normal feedback control
11.薬理学
答え: A · Write it down and read it back to the prescriber to confirm
これが答えになる理由
Reading back the drug, dose, route and frequency confirms the order and catches errors. Verbal orders are documented immediately and signed by the prescriber according to policy.
答え
A · Write it down and read it back to the prescriber to confirm
12.薬理学
答え: D · Benzodiazepines
これが答えになる理由
Cocaine causes a sympathomimetic toxidrome. Benzodiazepines reduce agitation, tachycardia, hypertension and hyperthermia, while cooling and cardiac monitoring are also given.
答え
D · Benzodiazepines
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Keep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
これが答えになる理由
SGLT2 inhibitors increase glucose loss in the urine, raising the risk of genital thrush and urinary infections. They also cause mild diuresis, and in people with diabetes there is a rare risk of ketoacidosis, so they are paused during acute illness as advised. They improve outcomes in heart failure.
答え
D · Keep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Potassium and magnesium
これが答えになる理由
Low potassium and low magnesium both increase ventricular irritability and the risk of VT and VF after an MI. They are checked and corrected, usually keeping potassium in the upper part of the normal range. The patient is also assessed for ischaemia and haemodynamic change.
答え
D · Potassium and magnesium
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Stay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
これが答えになる理由
Most acute low back pain improves within weeks. Staying active, simple analgesia and gradual return to normal activities help recovery. Imaging is usually not needed without red flags.
答え
D · Stay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · "I will hold my urine for as long as I can."
これが答えになる理由
Holding urine allows bacteria to multiply. Regular voiding, good fluid intake, passing urine after intercourse and wiping front to back help reduce recurrence.
答え
B · "I will hold my urine for as long as I can."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · An established descending or sigmoid colostomy
これが答えになる理由
Irrigation instils water into a sigmoid or descending colostomy to empty the bowel at set times. It is not used for ileostomies or urostomies and needs specialist teaching.
答え
C · An established descending or sigmoid colostomy
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · A non-smoking woman with motion sickness who will need opioids
これが答えになる理由
Apfel risk factors are female sex, non-smoking status, a history of PONV or motion sickness, and postoperative opioids. Patients with more factors receive more preventive antiemetics.
答え
D · A non-smoking woman with motion sickness who will need opioids
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Screen further for depression and self-harm
これが答えになる理由
Insomnia even when the baby sleeps and feelings of worthlessness can point to depression. The nurse should screen further, including asking directly about self-harm, and arrange follow-up.
答え
C · Screen further for depression and self-harm
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Penicillin now and assessment of the baby at birth
これが答えになる理由
Syphilis is treated with penicillin in pregnancy, which also treats the fetus and prevents congenital syphilis. The partner is tested and treated, and the newborn is assessed and followed up.
答え
C · Penicillin now and assessment of the baby at birth
21.小児看護
答え: B · Obesity with low physical activity
これが答えになる理由
Obesity and inactivity are the main modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes in young people. Family history and ethnicity also raise risk but cannot be changed. Healthy eating and activity are the basis of prevention and treatment.
答え
B · Obesity with low physical activity
22.小児看護
答え: B · Low-stimulation care, swaddling, small frequent feeds and a withdrawal scoring tool
これが答えになる理由
Neonatal abstinence (withdrawal) is managed first with calm, low-stimulation care, swaddling, frequent feeds and support for parents, with regular scoring to guide any drug treatment. Naloxone is avoided because it can trigger acute withdrawal and seizures.
答え
B · Low-stimulation care, swaddling, small frequent feeds and a withdrawal scoring tool
23.精神看護
答え: A · These are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored
これが答えになる理由
Fine tremor, thirst, polyuria and mild nausea are common early effects of lithium. A coarse tremor, vomiting, diarrhoea, confusion or unsteadiness suggest toxicity.
答え
A · These are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored
24.精神看護
答え: A · Ask him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
これが答えになる理由
Unexpected alcohol withdrawal is common in surgical patients. Asking about drinking, using a withdrawal scale and reporting early allows treatment before seizures or delirium tremens develop.
答え
A · Ask him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 147 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
1 日の総量
30·30 = 900 mg
1 回あたり
D = 900/3 = 300 mg
答え
D = 300 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: V = 3.8 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
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