An older patient's leg wound has become more painful and has a new unpleasant smell, but there is no fever. What does this suggest?
AA possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
BAn allergy to the dressing that needs no action
CThe wound has dried out and needs to be left open
DNormal healing, because there is no fever and the wound is still closed
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
利尿薬を使用している転倒リスクの高い患者が、夜間によく起き上がります。最も有効な対策はどれですか?
A眠れるように、夜間は部屋を真っ暗にしておく
B時間を決めた排泄誘導を行い、ナースコールと歩行補助具を手の届く所に置く
C夜間に効くよう、利尿薬を就寝時に投与する
D昼食後は何も飲まないよう患者に伝える
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
The fire alarm sounds, but the nurse does not know where the fire is. What should the nurse do?
AOpen all doors so patients can be seen easily
BLeave the unit and the building to find out where the fire is
CEvacuate all patients down the stairs at once, starting with those in bed
DClose the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A parent calls to say their toddler has just swallowed drain cleaner. What should the nurse advise?
AWait to see whether the child develops any symptoms first
BGive a large glass of fizzy drink or milk to dilute the cleaner before calling anyone
CDo not make the child vomit; call poison control or emergency services now
DMake the child vomit straight away to bring up the chemical
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Before surgery, a nurse is asked to witness a patient’s consent. The patient was given a sedative 30 minutes ago. What should the nurse do?
AWitness it quickly before the sedative takes full effect
BAsk a family member to sign on the patient’s behalf
CNot witness the consent and inform the surgeon
DWitness it and write “sedated” beside the signature
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient receives IV furosemide for fluid overload. Which findings show the treatment is working?
AIncreased urine output, less breathlessness and a falling weight
BA rise in blood pressure and a new cough
CA rise in weight and more lung crackles
DFalling urine output, new ankle swelling and a rise in weight
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Three days after bowel surgery, a patient has a distended abdomen, vomiting and absent bowel sounds, without colicky pain. What is most likely?
AParalytic ileus
BNormal recovery after surgery
CA urinary tract infection
DAcute cholecystitis
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
An older adult with chronic kidney disease starts trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which electrolyte should be monitored closely?
APotassium, because trimethoprim can raise it
BSodium, because the drug causes heavy sodium retention
CChloride, because the drug causes chloride loss
DCalcium, because the drug binds calcium in the gut
A transplant patient takes tacrolimus. Which monitoring is most important?
AThyroid function and bone density
BSerum amylase
CPeak expiratory flow
DBlood drug levels and kidney function
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient on warfarin is taught about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will tell my dentist that I take warfarin."
B"I will use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor."
C"I will stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
D"I will keep the amount of green leafy vegetables I eat about the same each week."
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?
AHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
BPotassium has no link with either medicine
CLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
DLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A 74-year-old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back and abdominal pain. His heart rate is 128/min and BP 82/50 mmHg. What is the priority?
AGive oral analgesia and reassess the pain in an hour
BArrange a routine outpatient ultrasound scan of the aneurysm
CCall for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
DEncourage him to walk to ease the back pain
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?
AAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over
BCheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
CTake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off
DSkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with CKD has a high phosphate, a low calcium and a high PTH. What does this show?
APrimary hyperparathyroidism from a tumour
BSecondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
CToo much vitamin D from supplements
DHypoparathyroidism after neck surgery
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why are antibody levels checked after a healthcare worker receives the hepatitis B vaccine?
ATo measure liver damage caused by the vaccine
BTo check whether they caught hepatitis B from the vaccine
CTo decide whether they need a liver biopsy
DTo confirm that the vaccine produced immunity
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient's ileostomy output is 2.5 L a day. They feel tired and dizzy and are drinking large amounts of water. Which advice is usually appropriate?
ALimit plain drinks and use an oral rehydration solution
BStop all drinking for 24 hours
CDrink even more plain water and tea to replace the losses
DEat only fruit and fruit juice
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Low-dose aspirin may be prescribed from early pregnancy to a woman with a high risk of:
AGestational diabetes
BHyperemesis gravidarum
CPlacenta praevia
DPre-eclampsia
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn has excessive frothy saliva and chokes and turns blue with the first feed. What is the priority?
AStop feeding and report it urgently
BPlace the baby on its back to sleep
CGive the baby water instead of milk
DContinue feeding more slowly
21.小児看護ふつう
脊髄髄膜瘤の手術前に、新生児の嚢をどのように保護すべきですか?
A乾燥させるために覆わずにおく
B嚢を支えるため、嚢の周りに柔らかいリングを置いてあおむけに寝かせる
Cきつい乾燥した包帯を巻く
D滅菌した湿潤状態の非固着性ドレッシングで覆い、赤ちゃんを腹臥位にする
22.小児看護むずかしい
6 歳児が、扁桃摘出術後の痛みに対してコデインを処方されました。看護師はどうすべきですか?
A誰にも言わずに、粉砕して子どものミルクに混ぜる
Bコデインはすべての子どもで安全なので、投与する
C弱いオピオイドなので、2 倍量を投与する
D投与する前に、処方者に指示への疑義を確認する
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient who started lithium 2 weeks ago has a fine tremor of the hands and is passing more urine than usual. Her level is within the therapeutic range. How should the nurse interpret this?
AThese symptoms mean that the lithium is not working, so the dose should be stopped and a new drug chosen
BThese are definite signs of severe lithium toxicity, so emergency dialysis is needed straight away
CThese are signs of an allergic reaction, so she should never take lithium again
DThese are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored
24.精神看護むずかしい
During a ward community meeting, several patients complain that the ward is too noisy at night. What reflects a therapeutic milieu?
ADiscuss the problem openly and involve patients in finding a solution
BEnd the meeting so the complaint is not discussed further
CAsk the patients to write their complaints down and then do nothing
DTell the patients that the rules cannot be changed
答え: A · A possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
これが答えになる理由
Increasing pain, odour, new exudate or delayed healing can signal infection even without fever, especially in older adults. The wound is assessed, the change reported and a swab taken if policy advises.
答え
A · A possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
答え: D · Close the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
これが答えになる理由
Closing doors limits the spread of smoke and fire. Staff follow the fire plan, keep corridors clear and prepare for evacuation, but do not evacuate until directed or the fire is in their area.
答え
D · Close the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Do not make the child vomit; call poison control or emergency services now
これが答えになる理由
Inducing vomiting after a corrosive is swallowed causes more burns to the throat and risks aspiration. The parent should get expert advice and emergency help at once.
答え
C · Do not make the child vomit; call poison control or emergency services now
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Not witness the consent and inform the surgeon
これが答えになる理由
Valid consent requires a patient who can understand and decide. After a sedative this may not be possible, so the nurse does not witness it and informs the surgeon, who is responsible for obtaining consent.
答え
C · Not witness the consent and inform the surgeon
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Increased urine output, less breathlessness and a falling weight
これが答えになる理由
Effective diuresis increases urine output and reduces congestion, so breathing improves and weight falls. Electrolytes, renal function and blood pressure are also monitored.
答え
A · Increased urine output, less breathlessness and a falling weight
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Paralytic ileus
これが答えになる理由
Paralytic ileus is a temporary loss of gut movement, common after abdominal surgery. Bowel sounds are absent, unlike mechanical obstruction where they are often high-pitched. Management includes nil by mouth, NG decompression, fluids and correcting electrolytes.
答え
A · Paralytic ileus
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Potassium, because trimethoprim can raise it
Tacrolimus levels are kept in a target range to prevent rejection and toxicity. Kidney damage, hyperkalaemia, high glucose and tremor are adverse effects, and interacting drugs and grapefruit are avoided.
答え
D · Blood drug levels and kidney function
12.薬理学
答え: C · "I will stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
これが答えになる理由
Patients on warfarin should keep their vitamin K intake consistent rather than avoid it. Sudden changes in green vegetable intake can make the INR unstable.
答え
C · "I will stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Low potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Digoxin binds to the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump at the site potassium normally uses. When potassium is low, more digoxin binds, so toxicity and arrhythmias become more likely. Loop diuretics commonly cause hypokalaemia, so the combination needs monitoring.
答え
C · Low potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Call for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
これが答えになる理由
Sudden abdominal or back pain with hypotension in a patient with an AAA suggests rupture, which is often fatal without urgent repair. The team is called at once, large-bore IV access and blood are arranged, and the patient goes to theatre. Fluid may be limited so the blood pressure is not pushed high (permissive hypotension), as directed by the team.
答え
C · Call for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Check glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
これが答えになる理由
Exercise increases glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, so hypos can occur during and for hours after activity. Checking glucose, carrying carbohydrate and, if advised, adjusting insulin or food reduce the risk.
答え
B · Check glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Secondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
これが答えになる理由
In CKD, phosphate retention and low active vitamin D lower calcium, so the parathyroid glands release more PTH. This secondary hyperparathyroidism weakens bone. Treatment includes phosphate control, vitamin D and sometimes calcimimetics.
答え
B · Secondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · To confirm that the vaccine produced immunity
これが答えになる理由
Some people do not develop protective anti-HBs antibodies after vaccination. Testing identifies non-responders, who may need further doses and advice after exposures.
答え
D · To confirm that the vaccine produced immunity
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Limit plain drinks and use an oral rehydration solution
これが答えになる理由
In high-output stomas, hypotonic drinks increase sodium loss through the stoma. Restricting them and using a glucose–salt oral rehydration solution, with antimotility drugs as prescribed and medical review, helps correct dehydration.
答え
A · Limit plain drinks and use an oral rehydration solution
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Pre-eclampsia
これが答えになる理由
Low-dose aspirin started around 12 weeks reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia in women at high risk, such as those with previous pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension or kidney disease.
答え
D · Pre-eclampsia
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Stop feeding and report it urgently
これが答えになる理由
Drooling and choking with feeds suggest oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Feeding is stopped, the pouch is suctioned and the baby is kept upright while surgical review is arranged.
答え: D · These are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored
これが答えになる理由
Fine tremor, thirst, polyuria and mild nausea are common early effects of lithium. A coarse tremor, vomiting, diarrhoea, confusion or unsteadiness suggest toxicity.
答え
D · These are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored
24.精神看護
答え: A · Discuss the problem openly and involve patients in finding a solution
これが答えになる理由
In a therapeutic milieu, the ward environment itself is used for treatment. Shared decision-making in community meetings builds responsibility, social skills and trust.
答え
A · Discuss the problem openly and involve patients in finding a solution
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 36.6 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
97.8 − 32 = 65.8
5/9を掛ける
T = 65.8·5/9 = 36.56 ≈ 36.6 °C
答え
T = 36.6 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 742.5 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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