During a water deprivation test for suspected diabetes insipidus, the patient loses more than 3% of body weight and becomes hypotensive. What should the nurse do?
AGive desmopressin without a prescription
BGive the patient a large drink and then restart the test
CStop the test and inform the doctor
DContinue the test, because this result is expected
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
腫瘍崩壊症候群に典型的な電解質のパターンはどれですか?
A高いナトリウムと高いカルシウムと、低い尿酸値
B高いカリウム、リン、尿酸と、低いカルシウム
C低いカリウム、低いリン、低い尿酸
D低いカリウムとリンと、高いカルシウム
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with a permanent pacemaker is booked for surgery using monopolar diathermy. Why must the team know?
AThe pacemaker will always be removed during surgery
BThe patient cannot have any anaesthetic at all
CPacemakers stop all bleeding during surgery
DDiathermy can interfere with the pacemaker's function
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman with pre-eclampsia is on magnesium sulfate. Why does the nurse monitor her urine output closely?
AMagnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria raises the risk of toxicity
BLow urine output shows that the magnesium is working
CUrine output tells the nurse exactly when to stop the infusion after the birth
DMagnesium causes a large diuresis that leads to dehydration
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
An 18-year-old at 30 weeks has missed several antenatal visits. What is the most helpful nursing approach?
ADischarge her from antenatal care
BTell her she is putting her baby at risk and must attend
CReport her to social services for missing visits
DExplore barriers and offer flexible, youth-friendly care
21.小児看護ふつう
同じ受診で、子どもが複数の異なるワクチンの接種予定です。一般原則はどれですか?
A同じ受診で、別々の接種部位に接種できる
B1 か月に 1 種類のワクチンしか接種できない
Cすべてのワクチンを 1 本の注射器で混ぜるべきである
Dそれぞれ半量を数週間に分けて接種すべきである
22.小児看護むずかしい
A 10-year-old has vomiting, abdominal pain, deep rapid breathing and a fruity smell on the breath. His blood glucose is very high. What is the most likely diagnosis?
AGastroenteritis
BDiabetic ketoacidosis
CAcute asthma attack with hyperventilation
DAppendicitis
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient taking fluoxetine says she has started taking St John's wort to feel even better. What is the main risk?
ALithium toxicity
BAgranulocytosis
CHypertensive crisis from tyramine
DSerotonin syndrome
24.精神看護むずかしい
Verbal de-escalation has failed, and a patient picks up a chair and threatens to throw it at the nurse. What should the nurse do first?
AShout loudly at the patient to put the chair down at once, so that he knows the nurse is in charge
BKeep a safe distance, call for help and avoid trying to take the chair alone
CTurn her back and walk away slowly without saying anything
DGrab the chair from the patient quickly before he can use it
The five rights of delegation are the right task, circumstance, person, direction or communication, and supervision or evaluation. The registered nurse stays accountable for the decision to delegate.
答え: C · Only in an urgent situation where delay would harm the patient, per policy
これが答えになる理由
Pharmacist review checks for allergies, interactions and dosing errors. Overrides are limited to true emergencies and drugs on an approved list, because bypassing review has led to serious errors.
答え
C · Only in an urgent situation where delay would harm the patient, per policy
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Clarify the reaction, update the allergy record and tell the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
Bedside handoff lets patients correct errors. The nurse asks about the reaction, updates the record and alerts the prescriber and pharmacy so current and future orders can be checked.
答え
B · Clarify the reaction, update the allergy record and tell the prescriber
Neurogenic shock follows loss of sympathetic tone, causing vasodilation, hypotension and bradycardia with warm skin. Hypovolemic shock usually causes a fast pulse and cool, clammy skin.
答え
B · Neurogenic shock
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · The tube bypasses the nose, which normally warms and moistens air
これが答えになる理由
The upper airway normally humidifies inspired air. Without it, secretions become thick and may block the tracheostomy tube, so humidification is used.
答え
B · The tube bypasses the nose, which normally warms and moistens air
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · "A big meal just before bed is fine if I take my tablet."
これが答えになる理由
Large late meals increase reflux even when a PPI is taken. Raising the head of the bed, losing weight and reducing alcohol are correct measures.
答え
D · "A big meal just before bed is fine if I take my tablet."
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Serum sodium, which may fall too low
これが答えになる理由
Desmopressin acts like ADH, so the kidneys retain water. If the patient drinks too much, water retention can cause hyponatremia, which may lead to confusion and seizures. Sodium, weight and fluid balance are monitored.
答え
B · Serum sodium, which may fall too low
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Send a venous sample to the lab and inform the provider at once
これが答えになる理由
"HI" means the glucose exceeds the meter's range, so the true value is unknown and may be very high, as in DKA or HHS. A laboratory sample is sent, the provider is informed promptly, and the patient is assessed for dehydration and ketones.確認に用いた資料:Blood Glucose Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Diabetic ketoacidosis - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Send a venous sample to the lab and inform the provider at once
11.薬理学
答え: C · Withhold the dose and notify the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
Digoxin is usually withheld in adults if the apical pulse is below 60 per minute, and the prescriber is informed. Bradycardia may be an early sign of toxicity.
答え
C · Withhold the dose and notify the prescriber
12.薬理学
答え: C · It lowers the seizure threshold
これが答えになる理由
Tramadol can cause seizures, especially at high doses or with other drugs that lower the seizure threshold. Its serotonergic action also raises the risk of serotonin syndrome.
答え
C · It lowers the seizure threshold
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Patient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
これが答えになる理由
With the patient at 45°, the vertical height of the pulsation in the right internal jugular vein above the sternal angle is estimated. A height above about 3–4 cm suggests raised right-sided pressure, as in right heart failure or fluid overload.
答え
D · Patient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Chronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
これが答えになる理由
In chronic CO₂ retention, the kidneys retain bicarbonate over days, bringing the pH back towards normal. A normal pH with high PaCO₂ and high bicarbonate is compensated chronic respiratory acidosis. These patients usually have target saturations of 88–92%.
答え
D · Chronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
In DI, the patient keeps passing dilute urine despite fluid restriction and can become dangerously dehydrated. Significant weight loss, hypotension or a high sodium are reasons to stop the test and get medical review.
答え: D · Diathermy can interfere with the pacemaker's function
これが答えになる理由
Electrical interference from monopolar diathermy can inhibit or reprogram pacemakers and defibrillators. The team plans ahead, for example using bipolar diathermy, placing the plate carefully or having the device checked.
答え
D · Diathermy can interfere with the pacemaker's function
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria raises the risk of toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria, which is common in pre-eclampsia, allows levels to rise. The nurse also monitors reflexes, respiratory rate and level of consciousness.
答え
A · Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria raises the risk of toxicity
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Explore barriers and offer flexible, youth-friendly care
これが答えになる理由
Teenagers may miss care because of school, transport, fear or stigma. Asking about barriers and offering flexible, non-judgemental services improves attendance and outcomes.
答え
D · Explore barriers and offer flexible, youth-friendly care
21.小児看護
答え: A · 同じ受診で、別々の接種部位に接種できる
これが答えになる理由
1 回の受診で複数のワクチンを接種するのは安全で効果的であり、接種の遅れを防ぎます。注射器と部位は別々にし、同じ肢に接種する場合は少なくとも約 2.5 cm 離します。そのために設計された製品でない限り、ワクチンを混ぜてはいけません。
答え
A · 同じ受診で、別々の接種部位に接種できる
22.小児看護
答え: B · Diabetic ketoacidosis
これが答えになる理由
Without insulin the body burns fat, producing ketones that cause metabolic acidosis. Deep, rapid (Kussmaul) breathing, a fruity breath smell, vomiting and abdominal pain with high glucose point to DKA, an emergency.
答え
B · Diabetic ketoacidosis
23.精神看護
答え: D · Serotonin syndrome
これが答えになる理由
St John's wort has serotonergic effects, so combining it with an SSRI can cause serotonin syndrome. It also induces liver enzymes and interacts with many other drugs, so patients should tell the prescriber about herbal products.
答え
D · Serotonin syndrome
24.精神看護
答え: B · Keep a safe distance, call for help and avoid trying to take the chair alone
これが答えになる理由
When a patient is imminently violent, the nurse protects herself and others, keeps an exit route and summons a trained team. Acting alone risks injury to everyone involved.
答え
B · Keep a safe distance, call for help and avoid trying to take the chair alone
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 35.1 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
95.2 − 32 = 63.2
5/9を掛ける
T = 63.2·5/9 = 35.11 ≈ 35.1 °C
答え
T = 35.1 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 480 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
3 tsp = 3·5 = 15 mL
3 tbsp = 3·15 = 45 mL
2 fl oz = 2·30 = 60 mL
1½ カップ = 1.5·240 = 360 mL
足す
V = 15 + 45 + 60 + 360 = 480 mL
答え
V = 480 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 225 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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