A tired patient with heavy menstrual periods has a normal hemoglobin and MCV but a ferritin of 8 ng/mL. What does this show?
AIron deficiency without anemia yet
BIron overload from too much iron
CA completely normal iron status
DVitamin B12 deficiency anemia
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on warfarin with an INR of 3.6 fell and hit their head an hour ago. They now report a worsening headache and drowsiness. What is the priority?
AHold warfarin for one dose and observe at home
BReport urgently for imaging and possible reversal
CEncourage rest in a dark room to settle the pain
DGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and recheck the INR tomorrow
11.薬理学ふつう
バンコマイシンの静注は、何による感染症の治療によく使われますか?
AEscherichia coli
BCandida albicans
CPseudomonas aeruginosa
DMRSA
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient with severe chronic hyponatraemia receives hypertonic saline. Why is the rate of correction strictly limited?
ARaising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
BFast correction causes immediate kidney failure
CHypertonic saline is toxic to the liver at high rates
DRaising sodium too fast causes severe hypokalaemia and cardiac arrest
答え: B · When contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
これが答えになる理由
Under standard precautions, gloves are worn when exposure to blood or body fluids is likely. Wearing them for all contact gives false security and can spread germs if not changed.
答え
B · When contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Give a longer-acting carbohydrate, such as a sandwich
これが答えになる理由
Fast-acting glucose raises the level quickly but briefly. A starchy snack, or the next meal if due, keeps it from falling again. The episode is recorded and its cause reviewed.
答え
D · Give a longer-acting carbohydrate, such as a sandwich
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · A patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
これが答えになる理由
Reduced sensation, as in peripheral neuropathy, prevents a person from feeling heat damage. Patients with poor sensation, poor circulation or confusion need very close monitoring if heat is used at all.
答え
A · A patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Contact the prescriber to clarify before giving anything
これが答えになる理由
Illegible or unclear orders are clarified directly with the prescriber. The nurse never guesses, and a held dose is reported so treatment is not missed.
答え
D · Contact the prescriber to clarify before giving anything
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · New chest pain or confusion suggesting organ damage
これが答えになる理由
Severe hypertension becomes an emergency when there is acute organ damage, such as chest pain, neurological changes or kidney injury. It needs urgent, controlled lowering of the blood pressure.
答え
A · New chest pain or confusion suggesting organ damage
Iron stores (ferritin) are depleted before the hemoglobin falls. A low ferritin with a normal hemoglobin indicates iron deficiency without anemia, and it is usually treated, along with the cause of blood loss.確認に用いた資料:Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Iron deficiency anemia - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Iron deficiency without anemia yet
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Report urgently for imaging and possible reversal
これが答えになる理由
A head injury in an anticoagulated patient, with worsening headache and drowsiness, suggests intracranial bleeding. The provider is told at once, neurological checks are done often, urgent imaging is arranged, and warfarin reversal (vitamin K and a prothrombin complex concentrate) may be prescribed.確認に用いた資料:Taking warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) - what to ask your doctor · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · Report urgently for imaging and possible reversal
答え: A · Raising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
これが答えになる理由
In chronic hyponatraemia the brain adapts to low osmolality. Correcting sodium too rapidly shrinks brain cells and can cause osmotic demyelination (central pontine myelinolysis), so sodium is checked often.
答え
A · Raising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
答え: B · That swallowing and the gag reflex have returned
これが答えになる理由
Throat spray numbs the pharynx, so drinking too early risks aspiration. Fluids are given once the gag reflex and swallowing have returned, usually after about an hour, starting with sips of water.
答え
B · That swallowing and the gag reflex have returned
答え: C · Explain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
これが答えになる理由
Cannabis in pregnancy is associated with low birth weight and possible effects on brain development. The nurse discusses the risks without judgement, offers safer antiemetics and support and continues care.
答え
C · Explain the risks without judgement and offer safer treatments
答え: A · The two-thumb technique with the hands encircling the chest
これが答えになる理由
When two rescuers are present, the two-thumb technique with the hands encircling the chest is recommended for infants because it gives better compression depth and pressure. One or two hands on the lower sternum are used for older children.
答え
A · The two-thumb technique with the hands encircling the chest
23.精神看護
答え: C · Calmly say that the comments are not acceptable and redirect him
これが答えになる理由
Disinhibition is common in mania. Clear, calm limit setting and redirection protect both staff and patient and maintain boundaries without punishing him.
答え
C · Calmly say that the comments are not acceptable and redirect him
24.精神看護
答え: D · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
これが答えになる理由
Long-term avoidance strengthens anxiety. A gradual, planned return, short and predictable goodbyes, praise for brave behaviour and cooperation between parents and school, often with CBT, help the child cope.
答え
D · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
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