A patient standing for the first time after surgery becomes pale, sweaty and dizzy. What should the nurse do first?
AEncourage the patient to keep walking to build strength
BHelp the patient sit or lie down safely
CGive the patient a sugary drink while standing
DLeave the patient standing and fetch the blood pressure machine
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
活動性の肺結核患者が放射線科へ行く必要があります。どのように搬送しますか?
A廊下は換気がよく短いので、マスクなしで行く
B手袋とガウンを着用すれば、マスクは不要
CフィットテストをしていないN95マスクを着用してもらう
Dサージカルマスクを着用してもらい、事前に放射線科へ連絡する
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient restrained because of violent behavior is now calm, oriented and following instructions. What should the nurse do?
AKeep the restraints until the next provider visit
BKeep the restraints until the order expires
CRemove the restraints, because the reason for them has ended
DRemove one restraint each day to test the patient’s behavior
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A parent of a child with influenza talks with the nurse. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will call if my child has trouble breathing.”
B“I will give my child aspirin to bring the fever down.”
C“I will keep my child home from school and away from others while unwell.”
D“I will give my child plenty of fluids.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
看護師が最初に注意を向けるべき患者はどれですか?
A慢性の腰痛があり、温罨法を求めている患者
B片頭痛が知られていて、普段と同じような頭痛がある患者
C突然始まった「人生で最悪の頭痛」を訴え、血圧が 170/100 mmHg の患者
D長年の高血圧があり、血圧が 158/94 mmHg で、症状のない患者
7.臨床看護学ふつう
MRSA の保菌者が入院しました。適切な予防策は?
A陰圧室で 6 か月間隔離する
B手袋、エプロン、確実な手指衛生による接触予防策
C保菌であれば予防策は不要
D全スタッフが FFP3 レスピレーターマスクを着用する空気感染予防策
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
During a general anaesthetic, a patient develops a rapidly rising temperature, muscle rigidity and rising carbon dioxide levels. What should be suspected?
APostoperative infection
BA normal response to surgery
CMalignant hyperthermia
DNeuroleptic malignant syndrome from antipsychotics
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?
ASevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem
BHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
CThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day
DThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient with severe neutropenia after chemotherapy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
B"I'll wash my hands before eating and after the toilet"
C"I'll call the clinic if my temperature rises"
D"I'll avoid people who have a cold or the flu"
11.薬理学ふつう
Which rule applies to intravenous potassium chloride?
AIt must be diluted and given as an infusion, never as an IV push
BIt may be given intramuscularly if there is no IV access
CIt is mixed into blood products to save time
DIt is given as a rapid IV push to correct low levels quickly
12.薬理学むずかしい
On admission, a patient's home medicine list includes warfarin for atrial fibrillation, but warfarin is not on the admission orders. What should the nurse do?
AClarify the omission with the prescriber (medication reconciliation)
BTell the patient to stop warfarin permanently
CGive the patient's own warfarin brought from home without an order
DAssume the omission is intended and do nothing
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Why is aspirin chewed rather than swallowed whole in a suspected acute coronary syndrome?
AChewing stops the aspirin from irritating the lining of the stomach
BChewing changes aspirin into an anticoagulant
CWhole aspirin tablets cannot be absorbed at all from the gut
DChewing speeds absorption, giving a faster antiplatelet effect
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?
A"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
B"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
C"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
D"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?
ADouble the dose during illness to control the glucose
BKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness
CStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
DPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
Which nerve is at risk if the arm is poorly padded at the elbow during surgery?
AUlnar nerve
BFacial nerve
CFemoral nerve
DSciatic nerve
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
On day 2 of nasogastric feeding, a severely malnourished patient becomes weak and breathless with ankle swelling. Phosphate is 0.4 mmol/L. What is most likely?
AToo little calorie intake
BRefeeding syndrome
CAn allergy to the feed formula
DNormal adjustment to the new feed
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A preterm baby at 30 weeks has repeated pauses in breathing of more than 20 seconds. Which drug is commonly used?
ACaffeine citrate
BPhenobarbital
CAtropine sulfate
DNaloxone hydrochloride
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn has excessive frothy saliva and chokes and turns blue with the first feed. What is the priority?
AStop feeding and report it urgently
BPlace the baby on its back to sleep
CGive the baby water instead of milk
DContinue feeding more slowly
21.小児看護ふつう
Which statement reflects current guidance about introducing allergenic foods, such as egg and peanut, to infants?
AThey can be introduced from around 6 months as part of solids, and delaying them does not prevent allergy
BThey should be given from 6 weeks, mixed into the baby's milk
CThey should only be given after a skin prick test in every infant
DThey should be avoided until at least 3 years of age, because early contact is what causes most food allergies
The wife of a man with alcohol dependence organises her life around his drinking, hides it from others and neglects her own needs. What does this pattern suggest?
ALearned helplessness in the patient
BEnabling by the healthcare team
CDelirium tremens
DCodependency
24.精神看護むずかしい
According to DSM-5, which childhood condition is a requirement for a later diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?
ASeparation anxiety disorder in early childhood
BAutism spectrum disorder diagnosed before school age
CEvidence of conduct disorder starting before age 15
These signs suggest postural hypotension and a risk of fainting. The nurse lowers the patient safely first, then checks blood pressure and pulse and reports the finding.
答え: C · Remove the restraints, because the reason for them has ended
これが答えになる理由
Restraints are used only as long as needed to keep people safe. Once the patient no longer presents a danger, the restraints are removed, even if the order has not yet expired.
答え
C · Remove the restraints, because the reason for them has ended
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · “I will give my child aspirin to bring the fever down.”
これが答えになる理由
Aspirin in children with viral illnesses such as influenza or chickenpox is linked to Reye syndrome. Fluids, rest at home and reporting breathing trouble are correct.
答え
B · “I will give my child aspirin to bring the fever down.”
Malignant hyperthermia is a hypermetabolic reaction triggered by volatile anaesthetics or suxamethonium (succinylcholine) in susceptible people. It is treated urgently with dantrolene, cooling and stopping the trigger.
答え
C · Malignant hyperthermia
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Heart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
これが答えになる理由
BNP is released from stretched ventricles, so a low value makes heart failure an unlikely cause of acute breathlessness. A high value supports heart failure, but BNP also rises with age, kidney disease and pulmonary embolism.確認に用いた資料:Natriuretic Peptide Tests (BNP, NT-proBNP) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
B · Heart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · "I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
これが答えになる理由
Rectal temperatures, suppositories and enemas are avoided in neutropenia, because injury to the rectal mucosa can let bacteria into the blood. Prompt reporting of fever, hand hygiene and avoiding sick contacts are correct.
答え
A · "I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
11.薬理学
答え: A · It must be diluted and given as an infusion, never as an IV push
これが答えになる理由
Concentrated potassium given as a bolus can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias. It is always diluted and given at a controlled rate, usually with an infusion pump.
答え
A · It must be diluted and given as an infusion, never as an IV push
12.薬理学
答え: A · Clarify the omission with the prescriber (medication reconciliation)
これが答えになる理由
Medication reconciliation compares the patient's home medicines with current orders to find omissions, duplications and errors. The nurse raises the difference with the prescriber, who decides whether to continue, hold or change the drug.
答え
A · Clarify the omission with the prescriber (medication reconciliation)
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Chewing speeds absorption, giving a faster antiplatelet effect
これが答えになる理由
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet cyclo-oxygenase, reducing thromboxane A2 and platelet aggregation. Chewing a non-enteric-coated tablet speeds absorption. It reduces mortality in acute coronary syndromes and is given unless there is a true allergy.
答え
D · Chewing speeds absorption, giving a faster antiplatelet effect
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · "I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
これが答えになる理由
In SBAR, the recommendation states clearly what the nurse needs and how quickly, such as a review within a set time. The other statements belong to situation, background and assessment. Structured communication reduces delays in escalation.
答え
B · "I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Pause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
これが答えになる理由
During dehydrating illness, SGLT2 inhibitors increase the risk of DKA, which can occur with only modestly raised glucose, and of acute kidney injury. Patients are taught to pause them until they are eating and drinking normally.
答え
D · Pause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
The ulnar nerve runs superficially at the elbow and is a common site of positioning injury. Careful padding and avoiding pressure on the elbow help prevent numbness and weakness of the hand.
答え
A · Ulnar nerve
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Refeeding syndrome
これが答えになる理由
Refeeding syndrome causes low phosphate, potassium and magnesium with fluid retention, heart failure and muscle weakness. The team slows the feed, replaces electrolytes, gives thiamine and monitors closely.
答え
B · Refeeding syndrome
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Caffeine citrate
これが答えになる理由
Apnoea of prematurity results from an immature respiratory centre. Caffeine citrate stimulates breathing and reduces apnoea episodes. Gentle stimulation is used during an episode.
答え
A · Caffeine citrate
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Stop feeding and report it urgently
これが答えになる理由
Drooling and choking with feeds suggest oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Feeding is stopped, the pouch is suctioned and the baby is kept upright while surgical review is arranged.
答え
A · Stop feeding and report it urgently
21.小児看護
答え: A · They can be introduced from around 6 months as part of solids, and delaying them does not prevent allergy
これが答えになる理由
Delaying common allergens does not prevent allergy, and early introduction may reduce the risk of peanut allergy. Peanut is given as smooth butter or powder, never whole nuts; infants with severe eczema or known food allergy may need specialist advice first.
答え
A · They can be introduced from around 6 months as part of solids, and delaying them does not prevent allergy
Codependency describes a family member whose life becomes centred on the other person's addiction, often with caretaking, covering up and neglect of self. Support groups such as Al-Anon can help.
答え
D · Codependency
24.精神看護
答え: C · Evidence of conduct disorder starting before age 15
これが答えになる理由
Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed in adults aged 18 or older, and there must be evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15.
答え
C · Evidence of conduct disorder starting before age 15
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
½ tbsp = 0.5·15 = 7.5 mL
3 カップ = 3·240 = 720 mL
2½ tsp = 2.5·5 = 12.5 mL
1 fl oz = 1·30 = 30 mL
足す
V = 7.5 + 720 + 12.5 + 30 = 770 mL
答え
V = 770 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 10 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0.1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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