Before discharge, what is most important to confirm about the patient's new medicines?
AThat they know the chemical name of each drug
BThat they know the price of each medicine and where to buy it
CThat they know how and when to take them and what to report
DThat they know which company makes each drug
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient taking furosemide has a serum potassium of 3.0 mmol/L (3.0 mEq/L). Why is this important?
ALoop diuretics cause potassium loss, and low levels can cause arrhythmias
BFurosemide raises potassium, so this level is falsely low and can be ignored
CLow potassium only causes mild thirst
DThe level is normal and needs no action
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Which type of white blood cell is most often raised in viral infections?
AEosinophils
BLymphocytes
CBasophils
DNeutrophils
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
The fire alarm sounds, but the nurse does not know where the fire is. What should the nurse do?
AEvacuate all patients down the stairs at once, starting with those in bed
BClose the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
COpen all doors so patients can be seen easily
DLeave the unit and the building to find out where the fire is
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
バイタルサインが正常な安定した成人が、手の切り傷で縫合が必要ですが、ほかには何も必要ありません。どの ESI レベルが当てはまりますか?
Aレベル 2
Bレベル 4
Cレベル 3
Dレベル 5
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
外科病棟で、看護師が最初に診るべき術後の患者はどれですか?
A前立腺手術後の膀胱洗浄中:薄いピンク色の尿で、凝血はない
B人工肛門造設術の 2 日後:ストーマは湿ってピンク色で、排出物は少量
C頸動脈内膜剥離術の 6 時間後:頸部の腫れが増し、飲み込みにくいと言う
D股関節置換術の 2 日後:動くと痛みが 5/10、鎮痛薬は 1 時間前に投与した
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which rule is essential for safe use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?
AThe button should be pressed before each meal
BOnly the patient should press the button
CRelatives should press it while the patient sleeps
DThe nurse should press it every hour
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient taking dapagliflozin is vomiting and unwell, with high blood ketones and a blood glucose of only 11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL). What should be suspected?
ASimple gastroenteritis with no further concern
BEuglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis
CHyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
DHypoglycaemia
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?
AIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
BIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
CIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
DThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Four drug levels are reported. Which patient should the nurse assess first?
ALithium 1.8 mEq/L with a new coarse tremor
BValproate 75 mcg/mL with no symptoms
CDigoxin 1.0 ng/mL with a pulse of 72/min
DPhenytoin 15 mcg/mL with no symptoms
11.薬理学ふつう
Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?
AIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle
BIt shrinks the prostate gland
CIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle
DIt increases urine production in the kidney
12.薬理学むずかしい
In adult cardiac arrest with shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation, which antiarrhythmic is commonly given?
AAmiodarone
BAdenosine
CDigoxin
DVerapamil
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
喘息の患者が、発作時用の吸入器を週に3回より多く使っています。これは何を示唆しますか?
A現在の計画で喘息はよくコントロールされている
B予防吸入薬はもう必要ない
C発作時用の薬がもう効かないので、中止すべきである
D喘息のコントロールが不良で、治療の見直しが必要である
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A 25-year-old non-smoker has wheeze and cough that come and go, worse at night and after exercise. Spirometry improves markedly after a bronchodilator. Which diagnosis is most likely?
AAsthma
BIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
CHeart failure
DCOPD
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient uses a continuous glucose monitor. Which statement is correct?
AIt makes finger-prick checks unnecessary in every situation
BIt works by giving small doses of insulin automatically
CIt reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
DIt measures glucose directly in the blood every second of the day
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with polycystic kidney disease suddenly has the worst headache of their life and neck stiffness. What should the nurse suspect?
AA urinary infection that has spread
BPain spreading upwards from a kidney cyst
CA subarachnoid haemorrhage from a brain aneurysm
DA migraine linked to high blood pressure
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why is a pregnancy test often done before surgery in women who could be pregnant?
AAnaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus
BIt is needed to calculate the anaesthetic drug dose
A woman at 22 weeks describes sharp pain on one side of the lower abdomen when she stands up quickly. Her vital signs and fetal heart rate are normal. What is the most likely cause?
APlacental abruption
BPreterm labour
CRound ligament pain
DAppendicitis
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman at 11 weeks has heavy bleeding, cramping and an open cervical os, and she has passed some tissue. Which type of miscarriage is this?
AIncomplete miscarriage
BMissed miscarriage
CComplete miscarriage
DThreatened miscarriage
21.小児看護ふつう
A 13-year-old with scoliosis has been prescribed a brace. Which teaching is most important?
AWear it for the prescribed hours each day, with a thin cotton shirt underneath
BWear it only at weekends and in the holidays, when it does not interfere with school
CWear it over thick clothing to make it more comfortable
DWear it only when the back hurts, then take it off
22.小児看護むずかしい
Why does a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis need regular eye examinations?
AUveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
BArthritis drugs always cause cataracts within a year
CEye checks are only needed if the child already wears glasses for short sight
DThe joints of the eye socket are affected by arthritis
23.精神看護ふつう
Which postpartum presentation is a psychiatric emergency?
ATearfulness and mood swings on the third day after birth
BTiredness and worry about feeding the baby in the first week
CFeeling tearful at times but enjoying the baby and sleeping well when she can
DConfusion, hallucinations and rapidly changing mood a few days after birth
24.精神看護むずかしい
A patient in acute mania has slept for 2 hours in 3 nights, is losing weight and is pacing constantly. Which nursing concern is the priority?
答え: C · That they know how and when to take them and what to report
これが答えになる理由
Safe discharge needs the patient or carer to understand dose, timing, purpose and important side effects. Teach-back and written information help confirm this.
答え
C · That they know how and when to take them and what to report
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Loop diuretics cause potassium loss, and low levels can cause arrhythmias
これが答えになる理由
Furosemide increases potassium loss in the urine. Hypokalaemia causes muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias, so the result is reported and replacement considered.
答え
A · Loop diuretics cause potassium loss, and low levels can cause arrhythmias
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Lymphocytes
これが答えになる理由
Lymphocytes increase in many viral infections. Neutrophils rise mainly with bacterial infections, and eosinophils with allergies and parasites.
答え
B · Lymphocytes
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Close the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
これが答えになる理由
Closing doors limits the spread of smoke and fire. Staff follow the fire plan, keep corridors clear and prepare for evacuation, but do not evacuate until directed or the fire is in their area.
答え
B · Close the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
If the patient becomes too sedated, they stop pressing the button, which protects them. When others press it, this safety mechanism is lost and overdose can occur.
答え
B · Only the patient should press the button
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis
これが答えになる理由
SGLT2 inhibitors can cause DKA with near-normal or modestly raised glucose because glucose is lost in the urine. Ketones should be checked in unwell patients on these drugs.
答え
B · Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · It measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
これが答えになる理由
In DKA, β-hydroxybutyrate is the main ketone, but most urine dipsticks detect acetoacetate, so they can underestimate ketosis. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate gives a current value that is also useful to monitor recovery.確認に用いた資料:Diabetic ketoacidosis - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · It measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Lithium 1.8 mEq/L with a new coarse tremor
これが答えになる理由
A lithium level of 1.8 mEq/L with a coarse tremor suggests toxicity, which can progress to confusion and seizures. The digoxin, phenytoin and valproate levels are within commonly cited ranges and the patients are stable.
答え
A · Lithium 1.8 mEq/L with a new coarse tremor
11.薬理学
答え: C · It stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle
これが答えになる理由
Bethanechol mimics acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, contracting the detrusor muscle. It must not be used if there is mechanical obstruction to outflow.
答え
C · It stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle
12.薬理学
答え: A · Amiodarone
これが答えになる理由
Amiodarone is used for VF or pulseless VT that persists after shocks, with lidocaine as an alternative. Adenosine, digoxin and verapamil have no role in VF.
Asthma typically causes variable symptoms with reversible airflow obstruction. COPD usually affects older people with a smoking history and causes persistent, poorly reversible obstruction. Fibrosis gives a restrictive pattern.
答え
A · Asthma
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · It reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
CGM sensors measure interstitial glucose, which lags several minutes behind blood glucose, especially when levels change fast. A finger-prick check is advised when symptoms do not match the reading.
答え
C · It reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · A subarachnoid haemorrhage from a brain aneurysm
これが答えになる理由
Adult polycystic kidney disease is associated with berry aneurysms. A sudden thunderclap headache suggests subarachnoid haemorrhage and needs emergency assessment and CT imaging.
答え
C · A subarachnoid haemorrhage from a brain aneurysm
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Anaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus
これが答えになる理由
Unknown pregnancy can change the decision to operate, the timing, and the choice of drugs and X-rays. Testing is offered with consent, according to local policy.
答え
A · Anaesthesia, drugs and some tests may harm a fetus
Round ligament pain is sharp, brief pain in the groin or lower abdomen with sudden movement as the uterus grows. Moving slowly and flexing the hips towards the abdomen help. Persistent or severe pain needs review.
答え
C · Round ligament pain
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Incomplete miscarriage
これが答えになる理由
An open os with some tissue passed and continued bleeding is an incomplete miscarriage. Retained tissue can cause haemorrhage and infection, so it is usually managed medically or surgically.
答え
A · Incomplete miscarriage
21.小児看護
答え: A · Wear it for the prescribed hours each day, with a thin cotton shirt underneath
これが答えになる理由
A brace can slow curve progression during growth only if it is worn for the prescribed time, often most of the day and night. A thin, seamless cotton layer protects the skin, which is checked daily for redness.
答え
A · Wear it for the prescribed hours each day, with a thin cotton shirt underneath
22.小児看護
答え: A · Uveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
これが答えになる理由
Children with JIA, especially some subtypes, can develop chronic anterior uveitis that causes no pain or redness at first. Regular slit-lamp screening allows early treatment and prevents vision loss.
答え
A · Uveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
23.精神看護
答え: D · Confusion, hallucinations and rapidly changing mood a few days after birth
これが答えになる理由
Postpartum psychosis usually begins within days to weeks of birth and can include confusion, delusions and hallucinations. It carries risks to mother and baby and needs immediate assessment, often in hospital.
答え
D · Confusion, hallucinations and rapidly changing mood a few days after birth
24.精神看護
答え: C · Risk of physical exhaustion and injury
これが答えになる理由
Severe mania can lead to dehydration, exhaustion, injury and even death if not managed. Physical safety, sleep, fluids and nutrition come before education or psychosocial issues.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
流量(mL/h)
35·60/15 = 140 mL/h
体積
V = 140·2 = 280 mL
答え
V = 280 mL
30.点滴速度
答え: D = 30 mcg/min
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
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