How should the ear be positioned when taking a tympanic temperature in an adult?
APush the outer ear forward against the cheek
BLeave the ear alone and insert the probe deeply
CGently pull the outer ear up and back
DGently pull the outer ear down and back
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A stable patient is woken every hour for observations and is becoming tired and confused. What is the best nursing action?
AStop all observations so the patient can sleep
BAsk the doctor for a sedative to help the patient sleep
CAsk the team whether the observations can safely be done less often
DKeep the same plan, as observations matter more than sleep for patients
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A nurse finds a used needle in a patient’s bed linen. What should the nurse do?
ARecap it with two hands before throwing it away
BLeave it where it is for the housekeeping staff to remove later in the day
CFold it into the linen and send it to the laundry
DPick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
The fire alarm sounds, but the nurse does not know where the fire is. What should the nurse do?
AOpen all doors so patients can be seen easily
BLeave the unit and the building to find out where the fire is
CClose the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
DEvacuate all patients down the stairs at once, starting with those in bed
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
バイタルサインが正常な安定した成人が、手の切り傷で縫合が必要ですが、ほかには何も必要ありません。どの ESI レベルが当てはまりますか?
Aレベル 4
Bレベル 3
Cレベル 2
Dレベル 5
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient in labor is receiving oxytocin, and the fetal monitor shows repeated late decelerations. What should the nurse do first?
AStop the oxytocin infusion
BPlace the patient flat on her back
CIncrease the oxytocin rate
DEncourage the patient to start pushing
7.臨床看護学ふつう
慢性腎臓病の患者が食事で通常制限すべきものは?
Aカリウムとリン
B炭水化物を完全に
Cビタミン C と食物繊維
D水溶性ビタミンだけ
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with lung cancer develops swelling of the face and arms, distended neck veins and breathlessness that is worse lying down. What should be suspected?
ASuperior vena cava obstruction
BHypothyroidism
CRight-sided heart failure from valve disease
DAn allergic reaction to food
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?
AIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
BIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
CIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
DIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?
AAcute viral hepatitis A
BAnemia of chronic disease
CIron-deficiency anemia
DHereditary hemochromatosis
11.薬理学ふつう
During an oxytocin infusion, contractions become very frequent and the fetal heart rate shows late decelerations. What is the nurse's first action?
AStop the oxytocin infusion
BGive a second oxytocin bolus
CIncrease the infusion to finish labour quickly
DPosition the woman flat on her back
12.薬理学むずかしい
通常量のアルコールのような 0 次消失とは:
A濃度にかかわらず半減期が一定
B高濃度では消失が止まる
C単位時間あたり一定の量が消失する
D単位時間あたり一定の割合が消失する
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient is going home with a 24-hour Holter monitor. Which instruction is most important?
AStay in bed for the full 24 hours so the trace is clear
BRemove the monitor whenever symptoms occur and restart it
CKeep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times
DShower as normal with the monitor on
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Three hours after femoral cardiac catheterisation, a patient has new lower back and flank pain, a heart rate of 112/min and BP 92/60 mmHg. The groin looks normal. What should the nurse suspect?
ARetroperitoneal bleeding
BNormal back ache from lying flat
CAn allergic reaction to the contrast
DA urinary tract infection
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
甲状腺手術の1週間後、患者の声はまだかすれて弱いままです。最も考えられる合併症はどれですか?
A手術による甲状腺クリーゼ
B粘着性のドレッシングテープに対するアレルギー反応
C副甲状腺の損傷による低カルシウム血症
D反回神経の損傷
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient on warfarin starts levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What should the nurse expect to monitor more closely?
AThe INR, because it may rise
BThe blood glucose, because it may fall
CThe urine output, because it may stop
DThe potassium, because it may rise
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
What does "neoadjuvant" treatment mean?
ATreatment given only for pain relief
BTreatment that is given instead of any surgery
CTreatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
DTreatment that is given only after the cancer has already spread
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with diabetes has rapidly spreading redness around a small wound, severe pain out of proportion, fever and crackling under the skin. What should the nurse suspect?
ANecrotising fasciitis
BMild contact dermatitis
CA healing venous ulcer
DA simple insect bite
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A newborn's blood glucose is low but the baby is well and able to feed. What is the usual first step?
AFeed the baby and recheck the glucose
BGive the baby plain water by bottle
CGive IV insulin immediately
DWithhold feeds and observe for 6 hours
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
Why is weighing blood-soaked pads better than visual estimation of postpartum blood loss?
AWeighing tells you the cause of the bleeding
BVisual estimates always overestimate blood loss
CWeighing is faster than looking
DVisual estimates underestimate large losses
21.小児看護ふつう
Which sign shows that a baby is ready to start solid foods?
AHas cut a first tooth
BSits with support, holds the head steady and shows interest in food
CHas reached 6 weeks of age
DStarts waking more often during the night and seems hungry after milk feeds
22.小児看護むずかしい
Why does a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis need regular eye examinations?
AThe joints of the eye socket are affected by arthritis
BArthritis drugs always cause cataracts within a year
CEye checks are only needed if the child already wears glasses for short sight
DUveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
23.精神看護ふつう
オランザピンなどの第二世代抗精神病薬を服用する患者で、特に重要なモニタリングはどれですか?
A血小板数のみ
B体重、腹囲、血糖、脂質
C骨密度のみ
D薬の影響を最も受けるため、聴力と視力のみ
24.精神看護むずかしい
クロザピンを服用している患者に、体温 38.5 °C とのどの痛みがあります。優先すべきことは何ですか?
Aおそらく普通の風邪だと伝え、水分摂取を勧め、クロザピンを通常どおり続ける
B次の定期的な血液検査まで待つ
Cパラセタモールを与え、クロザピンを通常どおり続ける
D次の服用の前に、好中球を含む全血球計算を確認できるよう、緊急に報告する
25.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の体温は 37.9 °C です。°F = °C × 9/5 + 32 を使って華氏 T に換算してください。小数第1位に丸めてください。
37.9 °C
T = °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある点滴が 18:30 に始まり、翌朝の 02:25 に終了しました(24時間表記)。何分 t 続きましたか。
18:3002:25
t = min
27.投与量の計算ふつう
体重 9 kg の子どもに、15 mg/kg の薬が処方されています。原液は 25 mg/mL を含みます。用量を吸い上げます:何 mL V を投与しますか?
9 kg15 mg/kg25 mg/mL
V = mL
28.投与量の計算むずかしい
点滴は 500 mL 中に薬を 50000 単位含みます。指示は 1 時間あたり 1200 単位です。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか?
50000 個/500 mL1200 個/h
R = mL/h
29.点滴速度ふつう
1500 mL を 10 時間で投与するよう指示されています。8 時間後、バッグにまだ 340 mL 残っていることがわかりましたが、予定どおりの時間に終える必要があります。 ポンプを何 mL/h の速度 R に設定し直す必要がありますか?
1500 mL / 10 h経過時間 8 h: 340 mL
R = mL/h
30.点滴速度むずかしい
バッグは 250 mL 中に薬を 200 mg 含み、20 mL/h で投与されています。患者が受け取るのは 1 時間あたり何 mg D ですか?
200 mg/250 mL20 mL/h
D = mg/h
31.小児・集中治療の投与量計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 練習用プロトコルでは、体重 71 kg の患者にヘパリン 60 単位/kg をボーラス投与することになっています。バイアルは 5 000 単位/mL です。何 mL V 吸い上げますか? 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
60 個/kg71 kg5 000 個/mL
V = mL
32.小児・集中治療の投与量計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 バッグには dobutamine 500 mg が 250 mL 中に含まれています。体重 107 kg の患者に 12.5 mcg/kg/min の指示が出ています。ポンプの流量 R を何 mL/h に設定しますか? 小数第 1 位まで四捨五入してください。
500 mg/250 mL12.5 mcg/kg/min107 kg
R = mL/h
33.輸液と水分出納ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 記録は、ある患者の 12 時間勤務帯 1 回分の摂取量と排泄量を示しています。患者の体重は 103 kg です。平均尿量 U を mL/kg/h で求めてください。 小数第 2 位まで四捨五入してください。
103 kg12 h尿: 500 mL尿: 400 mL創部ドレーン: 80 mL
U = mL/kg/h
34.輸液と水分出納むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 500 mL のバッグを 14:00 に開始し、ポンプで 60 mL/h で投与しています。18:00 の時点でバッグには何 mL V 残っていますか?
Pulling the pinna up and back straightens the adult ear canal so the probe points at the eardrum. In young children the pinna is pulled down and back instead.
答え
C · Gently pull the outer ear up and back
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Ask the team whether the observations can safely be done less often
これが答えになる理由
Lack of sleep can contribute to delirium. If the patient's scores are stable, the frequency of observations can be reviewed by the team so care is safe but less disruptive.
答え
C · Ask the team whether the observations can safely be done less often
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
これが答えになる理由
A loose needle is a hazard to everyone who handles the linen. The nurse disposes of it safely without recapping, using an instrument if needed, and reports the incident so the cause can be addressed.
答え
D · Pick it up by the hub or with forceps, put it in a sharps container and report it
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Close the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
これが答えになる理由
Closing doors limits the spread of smoke and fire. Staff follow the fire plan, keep corridors clear and prepare for evacuation, but do not evacuate until directed or the fire is in their area.
答え
C · Close the doors to patient rooms, stay on the unit and wait for instructions
Late decelerations point to reduced blood flow through the placenta. Stopping oxytocin reduces contractions; the nurse then turns the patient onto her side, gives IV fluids as prescribed and informs the provider.
Superior vena cava obstruction prevents venous drainage from the head and arms. It is an oncological emergency; patients are positioned upright and need urgent specialist treatment.
答え
A · Superior vena cava obstruction
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · It is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
これが答えになる理由
Concentrated potassium chloride given as an IV push can cause fatal cardiac arrest, so it is never pushed. It is diluted, mixed well and given by infusion pump at a rate set by protocol, often with cardiac monitoring at higher rates.
答え
A · It is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Hereditary hemochromatosis
これが答えになる理由
Hemochromatosis is an inherited disorder of increased iron absorption. Iron is deposited in the liver, pancreas, joints, heart and skin. A high transferrin saturation with a high ferritin suggests the diagnosis, and treatment is regular venesection (phlebotomy).確認に用いた資料:Hemochromatosis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Hereditary hemochromatosis
11.薬理学
答え: A · Stop the oxytocin infusion
これが答えになる理由
Excessive contractions reduce placental blood flow and cause fetal distress. The oxytocin is stopped first, then the woman is turned on her side, IV fluids and oxygen are given as per protocol and the provider is informed.
答え: C · Keep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times
これが答えになる理由
A Holter monitor records the ECG continuously during normal daily life. A diary of symptoms and activities lets the reviewer match symptoms such as palpitations or dizziness to the rhythm. The device is kept dry unless it is designed to be waterproof.
答え
C · Keep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Retroperitoneal bleeding
これが答えになる理由
A high femoral puncture can bleed into the retroperitoneal space without visible groin swelling. Back or flank pain with tachycardia and hypotension is a warning sign. The nurse calls for urgent help, assesses for shock and expects bloods and imaging.
As thyroid function returns to normal, clotting factors are broken down faster, which increases the effect of warfarin. The INR is checked more often and the warfarin dose may need to be reduced.
答え
A · The INR, because it may rise
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Treatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
これが答えになる理由
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is given before surgery to shrink the tumour, which may make surgery easier or allow less extensive surgery. Adjuvant therapy follows surgery.
答え
C · Treatment before the main treatment, often to shrink the tumour
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Necrotising fasciitis
これが答えになる理由
Necrotising soft tissue infection spreads rapidly along fascial planes and can cause septic shock. It is a surgical emergency needing urgent debridement, IV antibiotics and sepsis care.
答え
A · Necrotising fasciitis
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Feed the baby and recheck the glucose
これが答えになる理由
For mild, asymptomatic hypoglycaemia, early feeding and buccal glucose gel are used, with glucose rechecked per protocol. Symptomatic or persistent hypoglycaemia needs IV glucose.
答え
A · Feed the baby and recheck the glucose
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Visual estimates underestimate large losses
これが答えになる理由
Quantitative measurement by weighing pads and drapes is more accurate. Visual estimates tend to underestimate heavy bleeding, which can delay treatment.
答え
D · Visual estimates underestimate large losses
21.小児看護
答え: B · Sits with support, holds the head steady and shows interest in food
これが答えになる理由
Readiness for solids, usually around 6 months, includes good head control, sitting with support, interest in food and loss of the tongue-thrust reflex. Night waking and teething are not signs of readiness.
答え
B · Sits with support, holds the head steady and shows interest in food
22.小児看護
答え: D · Uveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
これが答えになる理由
Children with JIA, especially some subtypes, can develop chronic anterior uveitis that causes no pain or redness at first. Regular slit-lamp screening allows early treatment and prevents vision loss.
答え
D · Uveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
濃度
50000/500 = 100 個/mL
ポンプ流量
R = 1200/100 = 12 mL/h
答え
R = 12 mL/h
29.点滴速度
答え: R = 170 mL/h
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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