Why should a near miss be reported even though no harm occurred?
AIt helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
BSo the nurse involved can be identified and disciplined
CBecause insurance companies require a report for every shift worked
DIt does not need reporting if no one was harmed
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Which instruction about using a standard walker is correct?
APush up from the walker to stand from a chair
BCarry the walker and use it only when tired
CMove the walker forward, then step into it
DWalk well ahead of the walker for balance
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nursing student describes how they remove PPE (gown, gloves and a mask worn for splash protection) at the doorway before leaving a contact precautions room. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I remove my gloves without touching the outside with my bare hand.”
B“I roll the gown inward as I take it off.”
C“I clean my hands as soon as all the PPE is off.”
D“I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”
Which finding after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is expected and needs only reassurance and comfort measures?
AA heart rate of 125/min with a falling blood pressure
BYellow skin with dark urine on the second day
CIncreasing abdominal pain with a temperature of 39 °C
DRight shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which lifestyle advice helps a patient with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?
AEat one very large meal a day rather than several small ones
BWear tight belts to support the stomach
CAvoid large meals late in the evening and raise the head of the bed
DLie down straight after each meal to let the food settle
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Why is a large pleural effusion drained slowly rather than all at once?
ARapid drainage can cause re-expansion pulmonary oedema
BFluid drained quickly turns into blood
CSlow drainage stops the patient needing oxygen
DQuick drainage causes the effusion to spread to the other lung
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient starts high-dose prednisone. Which laboratory change should the nurse expect?
AA rise in blood glucose
BA rise in serum potassium
CA fall in serum sodium
DA fall in the white cell count
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with SIADH is on fluid restriction. Which task can the RN delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP), such as a nursing or healthcare assistant?
AMeasuring and recording intake and output
BAssessing the patient for new confusion
CTeaching the reasons for fluid restriction
DDeciding when to recheck the sodium level
11.薬理学ふつう
Benzathine benzylpenicillin (penicillin G benzathine) is ordered. Which route is correct?
ASubcutaneous in the abdomen
BIntravenous infusion over 30 minutes
CIntravenous push
DDeep intramuscular only
12.薬理学むずかしい
A postoperative patient using morphine PCA is very drowsy, hard to rouse and has a respiratory rate of 7 per minute. What should the nurse do first?
AStop the PCA, try to rouse the patient and give naloxone as per protocol
BLet the patient sleep and recheck in one hour
CReduce the PCA dose and leave the pump running
DEncourage the patient to press the button only when awake and in pain
A patient has radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. Which advice is correct?
ALimit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time
BStart breastfeeding again the next day
CThere are no precautions, because the dose is tiny
DStay in strict isolation in hospital for several months
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?
AAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed
BOverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
CUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further
DNo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely
A newborn is pale, has a heart rate of 170/min and weak pulses after a difficult vacuum birth. The scalp is boggy and swelling across the sutures is increasing. What should the nurse suspect?
ASimple cephalhaematoma
BNormal moulding
CCaput succedaneum
DSubgaleal haemorrhage
21.小児看護ふつう
Which signs suggest hypoglycaemia in a young child with diabetes?
AShakiness, sweating, pallor and a sudden change in behaviour
BDeep, rapid breathing with abdominal pain and vomiting
CA slow onset of dry skin and flushed cheeks over several days
DThirst, passing large amounts of urine and a fruity breath smell
答え: A · It helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
これが答えになる理由
Near misses show weaknesses in systems, such as confusing packaging or poor checks. Reporting them in a no-blame culture lets the organisation learn and prevent future harm.
答え
A · It helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Move the walker forward, then step into it
これが答えになる理由
The patient moves the walker forward, sets it down with all legs on the floor and then steps into it. To stand, they push up from the chair arms, because a walker can tip if used to pull up.
答え
C · Move the walker forward, then step into it
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · “I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”
これが答えになる理由
Gloves are the most contaminated item and are removed first, so dirty gloves do not touch the face or mask. Gown and gloves are taken off at the doorway before leaving the room, and hand hygiene follows. The other steps are correct.
答え
D · “I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”
答え: D · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
これが答えになる理由
Gas used to inflate the abdomen irritates the diaphragm and causes referred shoulder pain, which settles in a day or two. Jaundice, fever with worsening pain and signs of shock suggest complications.
答え
D · Right shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Avoid large meals late in the evening and raise the head of the bed
これが答えになる理由
Smaller meals, not eating close to bedtime, raising the head of the bed, weight loss and stopping smoking reduce reflux. Lying flat after eating makes it worse.
答え
C · Avoid large meals late in the evening and raise the head of the bed
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Rapid drainage can cause re-expansion pulmonary oedema
これが答えになる理由
Draining a large volume quickly can cause re-expansion pulmonary oedema, with cough, chest tightness and hypoxia. Drainage is controlled, and the patient is watched closely.
答え
A · Rapid drainage can cause re-expansion pulmonary oedema
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · A rise in blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
Glucocorticoids raise blood glucose by increasing glucose production and reducing insulin sensitivity. They also tend to lower potassium, retain sodium and raise the white cell count by releasing neutrophils into the blood.確認に用いた資料:Blood Glucose Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
A · A rise in blood glucose
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Measuring and recording intake and output
これが答えになる理由
UAP can measure and record intake and output and weigh the patient, then report the values to the RN. Assessing mental status, teaching and making decisions about laboratory monitoring need nursing judgment and remain with the RN.
答え
A · Measuring and recording intake and output
11.薬理学
答え: D · Deep intramuscular only
これが答えになる理由
Benzathine penicillin is a depot suspension given deep IM. Accidental intravenous injection can cause cardiorespiratory arrest and death.
答え
D · Deep intramuscular only
12.薬理学
答え: A · Stop the PCA, try to rouse the patient and give naloxone as per protocol
これが答えになる理由
Excessive sedation and a low respiratory rate signal opioid-induced respiratory depression. The opioid is stopped, the patient is stimulated and supported with oxygen, naloxone is given as per protocol and help is called.
答え
A · Stop the PCA, try to rouse the patient and give naloxone as per protocol
答え: A · Limit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time
これが答えになる理由
After radioiodine, patients are advised to limit close and prolonged contact, especially with young children and pregnant women, for a period set by the department. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
答え
A · Limit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Overdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
これが答えになる理由
When the head rises above the drain level, CSF drains faster. Overdrainage can cause headache, collapse of the ventricles or a subdural bleed. The nurse follows the protocol (often clamping briefly and re-levelling) and informs the neurosurgical team.
答え
B · Overdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · To protect the kidneys from damage
これが答えになる理由
Cisplatin is nephrotoxic, so hydration and electrolyte replacement (especially magnesium) are given. It can also cause ototoxicity, neuropathy and severe nausea.
A subgaleal haemorrhage is bleeding under the scalp aponeurosis. It crosses suture lines, can grow rapidly and can cause hypovolaemic shock. It is an emergency, unlike caput or cephalhaematoma.
答え
D · Subgaleal haemorrhage
21.小児看護
答え: A · Shakiness, sweating, pallor and a sudden change in behaviour
これが答えになる理由
Hypoglycaemia causes adrenergic signs (shaking, sweating, pallor, fast heart rate) and neuroglycopenic signs (irritability, confusion, unusual behaviour, drowsiness). Young children may not recognise or report it.
答え
A · Shakiness, sweating, pallor and a sudden change in behaviour
22.小児看護
答え: A · 急性胸部症候群(緊急事態)
これが答えになる理由
急性胸部症候群は、胸痛、発熱、呼吸器症状、低酸素、胸部 X 線の新たな変化を起こします。鎌状赤血球症の主な死因の 1 つで、緊急の治療が必要です。
答え
A · 急性胸部症候群(緊急事態)
23.精神看護
答え: B · Keeping an emergency bag with documents, money and keys somewhere safe
これが答えになる理由
A safety plan includes an escape bag, important documents, a safe place to go, emergency numbers and a code word with trusted people. The time of leaving can be the most dangerous period.
答え
B · Keeping an emergency bag with documents, money and keys somewhere safe
24.精神看護
答え: A · Discuss benefits and risks, decide together with the prescriber and agree a relapse plan
これが答えになる理由
Recovery-oriented care values the person's choices and shared decision-making. Any change is planned with the prescriber, often by tapering slowly, with clear early warning signs and a plan for what to do if they appear.
答え
A · Discuss benefits and risks, decide together with the prescriber and agree a relapse plan
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