A patient's blood pressure is much higher than in all previous readings. What is the best first step?
ATell the patient they are having a stroke
BRecord it and give an extra dose of the blood pressure tablet
CIgnore it, as it must be a machine error
DRecheck it, making sure the technique and cuff size are correct
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
4 人の患者が同時にあなたを必要としています。最初に誰のところへ行くべきですか?
A騒がしい高い音の呼吸(喘鳴・ストライダー)が出てきた患者
B定時の内服薬の時間になった患者
C20 分前に経口鎮痛薬を投与した、痛みが 6/10 の患者
D退院の時間を尋ねている患者
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
台の上で滅菌パックを開けるとき、最初に開くのはどのフラップですか?
A最も手が届きやすい側のフラップ
B看護師から最も遠いフラップ
C看護師に最も近いフラップ
Dすべてのフラップを一度に
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
看護師が、同僚が手指衛生をせずに患者から次の患者へ移るのを目にしました。最善の対応はどれですか?
A次回はするかどうか様子を見る
Bすぐに同僚へ丁寧に注意を促す
Cチーム内の対立を避けるため、何も言わない
D1か月後に匿名で管理者に報告する
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Two nursing assistants argue loudly at the station about their assignments. What is the charge nurse’s best first step?
AReport them to human resources at once
BChange both of their assignments without any discussion
CIgnore it and hope they sort it out
DMeet both of them privately to hear each side
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with suspected sepsis has four prescribed orders. Which should usually be done first?
ATake blood cultures
BArrange a chest X-ray for later today
CRepeat the lactate in six hours
DGive the IV antibiotic
7.臨床看護学ふつう
WHO の除痛ラダーが勧めているのは?
A痛みが強くなるにつれて、非オピオイドから弱オピオイド、さらに強オピオイドへ移ること
Bがんの痛みには薬以外の方法だけを使うこと
Cすべての患者で強オピオイドから始めること
D痛みが強くなったときだけ鎮痛薬を与えること
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
During a blood transfusion, an older patient with heart failure becomes breathless with a rising blood pressure, raised JVP and crackles in the lungs. What is the most likely cause?
ATransfusion-related acute lung injury with hypotension
A patient with right upper abdominal pain from gallstones now has jaundice, a total bilirubin of 4.8 mg/dL (82 µmol/L) and a raised ALP. What is the most likely cause?
AA stone blocking the common bile duct
BHemolysis caused by the gallstones
CGilbert syndrome triggered by pain
DUncomplicated gallbladder inflammation
11.薬理学ふつう
Why are many drugs started at lower doses in older adults?
AOlder adults always weigh more than younger adults, so drugs last longer
BKidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases
COlder adults absorb no drugs from the stomach
DLower doses are cheaper for older patients
12.薬理学むずかしい
How does aripiprazole differ from most other antipsychotics?
AIt has no effect on dopamine and acts only on histamine
BIt is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
CIt is a full dopamine agonist that increases dopamine activity
DIt works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin only
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Why must anti-embolism stockings be measured and fitted correctly?
APoorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
BLoose stockings make the patient's legs too warm at night
CCorrect fit is needed only to improve the appearance
DTight stockings work better, so the smallest size is always best
Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?
ARestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward
BMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
CKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
DUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient about peritoneal dialysis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will weigh myself daily and record my fluid balance."
B"I will check my exit site every day."
C"If the fluid is cloudy, I'll see if it clears next time."
D"I will wash my hands carefully before each exchange."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which advice may help reduce the risk of a parastomal hernia after stoma surgery?
AAvoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised
BDo intensive sit-ups from the first week
CKeep the stoma bag as full as possible
DStrain hard on the toilet each day to strengthen the abdominal muscles
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
An older patient with atrial fibrillation has sudden severe abdominal pain, but the abdomen is soft with little tenderness. Lactate is raised. What should the nurse suspect?
AIrritable bowel syndrome
BSimple constipation
CAcute mesenteric ischaemia
DMuscle strain from coughing
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman's cultural practice involves eating only warm foods after birth. How should the nurse respond?
答え: D · Meet both of them privately to hear each side
これが答えになる理由
Talking with both staff members privately allows the charge nurse to understand the problem and look for a fair solution. Ignoring the conflict or acting without facts usually makes it worse.
答え
D · Meet both of them privately to hear each side
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Take blood cultures
これが答えになる理由
Blood cultures are taken before the first antibiotic dose when this does not cause significant delay, so the organism can be identified. The antibiotic follows as soon as possible.
答え: B · Transfusion-associated circulatory overload
これが答えになる理由
TACO causes pulmonary oedema with hypertension and raised venous pressure, especially in older people and those with heart or kidney disease. TRALI usually presents with hypotension and no fluid overload signs.
答え
B · Transfusion-associated circulatory overload
9.検査値と電解質
答え: B · ワルファリンの投与を保留し、処方者に知らせる
これが答えになる理由
INR 5.2 は目標を大きく上回り、出血のリスクを高めます。看護師は投与を保留し、出血の徴候を確認し、処方者に知らせます。処方者は、減量またはビタミン K を処方することがあります。確認に用いた資料:Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Warfarin · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
B · ワルファリンの投与を保留し、処方者に知らせる
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · A stone blocking the common bile duct
これが答えになる理由
A gallstone in the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis) obstructs bile flow, raising conjugated bilirubin and ALP. Fever with jaundice and pain suggests cholangitis, an emergency. Simple cholecystitis usually causes only mild liver test changes.確認に用いた資料:Choledocholithiasis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Cholangitis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · A stone blocking the common bile duct
11.薬理学
答え: B · Kidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases
これが答えになる理由
Ageing reduces kidney function, changes body composition and often slows liver metabolism. Many drugs also have stronger effects on the ageing brain, so doses are started low and increased slowly.
答え
B · Kidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases
12.薬理学
答え: B · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
これが答えになる理由
Aripiprazole is a D2 partial agonist, reducing dopamine activity where it is high and providing some where it is low. It causes less weight gain and prolactin rise than many antipsychotics, but akathisia is common.
答え
B · It is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Poorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
これが答えになる理由
Stockings that are the wrong size or that roll down can act like a tourniquet and cause skin and pressure damage. They are measured to the leg, checked daily, and avoided in significant peripheral arterial disease, severe neuropathy or leg skin damage.
答え
A · Poorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
答え: D · Use glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
これが答えになる理由
Non-drug measures are the mainstay of delirium care: glasses and hearing aids, clocks and calendars, familiar faces, good sleep, hydration, mobility and treating the cause. Restraints and frequent moves make delirium worse.
答え
D · Use glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · "If the fluid is cloudy, I'll see if it clears next time."
これが答えになる理由
Cloudy effluent may be the first sign of peritonitis and must be reported to the PD unit straight away, keeping the bag for testing. Waiting can allow a serious infection to develop.
答え
C · "If the fluid is cloudy, I'll see if it clears next time."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Avoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised
これが答えになる理由
Avoiding heavy lifting in the early months, supporting the abdomen when coughing, gentle core exercises as advised by the stoma team and a healthy weight may reduce risk.
答え
A · Avoid heavy lifting early on and use support garments as advised
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Acute mesenteric ischaemia
これが答えになる理由
An embolus from AF can block the mesenteric artery, causing bowel ischaemia. Early signs are severe pain with few findings; raised lactate and peritonitis appear as the bowel dies. It needs urgent CT and surgery.
答え
C · Acute mesenteric ischaemia
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · Respect it and offer suitable warm foods
これが答えになる理由
Many cultures have postnatal dietary customs, such as warm foods. When a practice is not harmful, the nurse respects it and adapts care, which builds trust and supports recovery.
答え
C · Respect it and offer suitable warm foods
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · 見える出血がわずかでも、潜在性の(外出血のない)早期剥離で大量に失血している可能性がある
Nephrotic syndrome causes a hypercoagulable state through loss of anticoagulant proteins, raised clotting factors and haemoconcentration. A painful, swollen limb suggests thrombosis and needs urgent medical review.
答え
D · Deep vein thrombosis
23.精神看護
答え: C · "What would be different for you if you drank less?"
これが答えになる理由
Motivational interviewing uses open questions that invite the person to explore their own reasons for change. Labelling, threats and directives tend to increase resistance.
答え
C · "What would be different for you if you drank less?"
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
1 分あたりのミリリットル
100/60 = 1.667 mL/min
滴下速度
R = 1.667·60 = 100 gtt/min
答え
R = 100 gtt/min
微量用セット(60 滴/mL)では、滴/分は mL/h に等しくなります。
30.点滴速度
答え: Δ = 5.6 %
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
これは独自の練習教材です。ExamProblems はこの試験を実施する団体とは提携しておらず、その承認も受けていません。試験名は内容を説明するためにのみ使用しています。 NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN®はthe National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN)の商標です。同団体はExamProblemsと提携しておらず、推奨も正確性の保証もしていません。