答え: A · To prevent lumpy fatty swelling that affects absorption
これが答えになる理由
Injecting in the same place causes lipohypertrophy, which makes absorption unpredictable. Patients rotate within an area and check sites for lumps.
答え
A · To prevent lumpy fatty swelling that affects absorption
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Late doses can cause severe stiffness, falls and swallowing problems
これが答えになる理由
Levodopa wears off quickly, and delays can cause rigidity, falls, swallowing difficulty and aspiration. It is a time-critical medicine in hospital.
答え
D · Late doses can cause severe stiffness, falls and swallowing problems
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · その患者専用の聴診器と血圧計のカフを使う
これが答えになる理由
聴診器やカフなどの非クリティカル器材は、その患者専用とするか、別の患者に使う前に清掃・消毒します。
答え
A · その患者専用の聴診器と血圧計のカフを使う
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · A combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
これが答えになる理由
Multimodal strategies, such as easy access to hand rub at the point of care, training, reminders, audits with feedback and leadership support, improve hand hygiene more than single actions.
答え
C · A combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Keep everyone safe and tell the team, as the risk of harm is high
これが答えになる理由
Command hallucinations to harm others are a serious safety risk. The nurse keeps the patient and others safe, for example by separating them, and informs the team at once.
答え
B · Keep everyone safe and tell the team, as the risk of harm is high
答え: A · GI bleeding and kidney injury become more likely with longer use
これが答えになる理由
Ketorolac is a potent NSAID used for short-term moderate to severe pain. Its risks of GI bleeding, kidney injury and bleeding are high, so treatment is limited to a few days.
答え
A · GI bleeding and kidney injury become more likely with longer use
12.薬理学
答え: D · Reliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic
これが答えになる理由
Isotretinoin causes severe birth defects. Pregnancy prevention programmes require effective contraception and regular pregnancy tests before, during and after treatment.
答え
D · Reliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic
答え: C · "I will measure it straight after my morning jog."
これが答えになる理由
Home readings should be taken after resting quietly for about 5 minutes, sitting with back supported, feet flat and the arm supported at heart level, with no recent exercise, caffeine or smoking. Two readings are often recorded. Measuring after exercise gives falsely high results.
答え
C · "I will measure it straight after my morning jog."
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · An expanding neck swelling with noisy breathing
これが答えになる理由
A neck haematoma after carotid surgery can compress the airway quickly. It needs immediate senior help and may need the wound opened. Neurological checks for new stroke and cranial nerve damage are also part of routine care.
答え
B · An expanding neck swelling with noisy breathing
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · The dose is too high
これが答えになる理由
A suppressed TSH with raised free T4 and hyperthyroid symptoms in a patient on levothyroxine suggests over-replacement. The prescriber usually lowers the dose. Long-term over-replacement increases the risk of atrial fibrillation and bone loss.
答え
C · The dose is too high
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · To reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
これが答えになる理由
Carbohydrate loading the night before and a few hours before surgery reduces thirst, hunger and postoperative insulin resistance. It is not used in every patient, for example some with diabetes.
答え
B · To reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Hypoglycaemia if insulin continues without the feed
これが答えになる理由
When feed stops but insulin continues, blood glucose can fall sharply. The insulin plan is reviewed with the team, glucose is checked frequently, and a glucose infusion may be needed.
答え
B · Hypoglycaemia if insulin continues without the feed
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Intravenously during labour
これが答えになる理由
Oral antibiotics before labour do not prevent recolonisation. IV antibiotics in labour, given ideally at least 4 hours before birth, greatly reduce early-onset GBS disease in the newborn.
答え
D · Intravenously during labour
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · The baby's glucose will be checked for hypoglycaemia
これが答えになる理由
Babies of mothers with diabetes may have high insulin levels after birth, causing hypoglycaemia. Early, frequent feeding, often skin-to-skin, and glucose monitoring per protocol are standard.
答え
D · The baby's glucose will be checked for hypoglycaemia
21.小児看護
答え: C · About 20 mL per hour
これが答えになる理由
A urine output of at least about 1 mL/kg/hour is generally used as a sign of adequate perfusion in children; for 20 kg this is about 20 mL/hour. Lower output can signal dehydration, shock or kidney problems.
答え
C · About 20 mL per hour
22.小児看護
答え: B · With a behavioural tool such as revised FLACC, using the parents' knowledge of usual cues
これが答えになる理由
Children with cognitive impairment are assessed with behavioural tools such as the revised FLACC, which can include the child's individual pain behaviours. Parents know the child's baseline and are key partners in pain assessment.
答え
B · With a behavioural tool such as revised FLACC, using the parents' knowledge of usual cues
23.精神看護
答え: A · "You sound very angry. Tell me what has happened."
これが答えになる理由
A calm, non-defensive response that names the feeling invites the patient to explain the cause of the anger. Arguing or threatening tends to escalate the situation.
答え
A · "You sound very angry. Tell me what has happened."
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).