A woman with preeclampsia is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Her urine output has fallen and her creatinine is rising. Why is this a concern?
APoor kidney function makes the magnesium level fall quickly
BMagnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
CMagnesium is broken down by the liver, so it will stop working soon
DMagnesium causes potassium loss, so the kidneys release more fluid
11.薬理学ふつう
ネオスチグミンは重症筋無力症でどのように筋力を改善しますか?
A受容体に対する自己抗体を遮断する
Bアセチルコリンエステラーゼを阻害し、より多くのアセチルコリンが受容体に届くようにする
C神経筋接合部のアセチルコリン受容体の数を増やす
D筋肉のムスカリン受容体を直接刺激する
12.薬理学むずかしい
Before starting rituximab, patients are tested for hepatitis B. Why?
ARituximab is a vaccine against hepatitis B
BRituximab can reactivate hepatitis B and cause liver failure
CRituximab is made from the hepatitis B virus
DHepatitis B infection makes rituximab completely ineffective
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
After an arterial blood gas sample is taken from the radial artery, what should the nurse do?
AMassage the site to help the bruising fade
BBend the wrist sharply upwards to stop the bleeding
CLeave the site uncovered without pressure
DApply firm pressure to the site for several minutes
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
高流量酸素に加湿を行うのはなぜですか?
A高流量の乾燥したガスは、気道を乾かして分泌物を粘稠にするから
B加湿によって酸素中毒が起こらなくなるから
C加湿したガスは、乾燥したガスよりも1リットルあたりの酸素を多く運ぶから
D水蒸気が酸素供給源から細菌をろ過するから
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient is due a rapid-acting insulin dose before lunch, but the meal trays are delayed. What should the nurse do?
AGive the insulin now and the meal when it comes
BWait to give the insulin until the meal arrives
COmit the dose entirely for the rest of the day
DGive the insulin with a glass of water instead
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with SIADH needs IV fluid. Which fluid is most likely to worsen the hyponatraemia?
A8.4% sodium bicarbonate
B20% human albumin
C5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
D3% saline
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why is a urinary catheter usually inserted in a patient with a major burn?
AThe catheter prevents wound infection
BBurns always cause the bladder to rupture
CHourly urine output guides fluid resuscitation
DIt is needed to give medicines into the bladder
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Hours after an oesophageal dilatation, a patient has chest pain, fever and crackling swelling under the skin of the neck. What should the nurse suspect?
ANormal discomfort after the procedure
BAn allergic reaction to the sedative
CSimple reflux after the dilatation
DOesophageal perforation
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
During newborn resuscitation, what is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths?
答え: A · Keep the load close to the body and avoid twisting
これが答えになる理由
Good body mechanics include a wide base of support, bending at the hips and knees, keeping the load close and turning with the feet instead of twisting the spine. Lifting aids are used whenever possible.
答え
A · Keep the load close to the body and avoid twisting
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Lying face down (prone)
これが答えになる理由
Restraining a person face down can restrict breathing and has caused deaths from positional asphyxia. Restrained patients are positioned to protect the airway and are watched closely.
答え
C · Lying face down (prone)
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Increasing sleepiness that is hard to rouse
これが答えになる理由
Sedation usually increases before breathing slows. Regular sedation checks let the nurse hold the opioid and act before respiratory depression occurs.
答え
B · Increasing sleepiness that is hard to rouse
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · A confused older adult at high risk of falls
これが答えになる理由
A confused patient at high risk of falls benefits from being close to staff, so they can be observed and helped quickly. The other patients are stable and independent.
答え: B · Magnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
これが答えになる理由
Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so falling urine output and rising creatinine raise the risk of toxicity. The nurse checks deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate and level of consciousness, reports the findings and keeps calcium gluconate available as the antidote.確認に用いた資料:Magnesium Toxicity (StatPearls) · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)
答え
B · Magnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
11.薬理学
答え: B · アセチルコリンエステラーゼを阻害し、より多くのアセチルコリンが受容体に届くようにする
答え: B · Rituximab can reactivate hepatitis B and cause liver failure
これが答えになる理由
Rituximab destroys CD20-positive B cells, weakening control of latent hepatitis B. Reactivation can cause fulminant hepatitis, so carriers receive monitoring or antiviral prophylaxis.
答え
B · Rituximab can reactivate hepatitis B and cause liver failure
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Apply firm pressure to the site for several minutes
これが答えになる理由
Firm pressure for at least about 5 minutes (longer in patients on anticoagulants or with clotting problems) prevents a haematoma. The hand is checked for colour and circulation. The sample is processed promptly.
答え
D · Apply firm pressure to the site for several minutes
答え: B · Wait to give the insulin until the meal arrives
これが答えになる理由
Rapid-acting insulin begins to work within about 15 minutes, so giving it without food risks hypoglycaemia. It is given just before or with the meal. Basal insulin is not affected by meal delays.
答え
B · Wait to give the insulin until the meal arrives
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · 5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
これが答えになる理由
5% glucose (5% dextrose, D5W) provides free water once the glucose is metabolised. In SIADH, this water is kept, so sodium falls further. Hypotonic fluids are avoided. Hypertonic saline is used for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia.
答え
C · 5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Hourly urine output guides fluid resuscitation
これが答えになる理由
Fluid formulas give an initial estimate; the rate is then adjusted to urine output, typically around 0.5 mL/kg/h in adults, along with other signs of perfusion.
答え
C · Hourly urine output guides fluid resuscitation
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Oesophageal perforation
これが答えになる理由
Chest pain, fever and surgical (subcutaneous) emphysema after instrumentation suggest oesophageal perforation, which can cause mediastinitis. The patient is kept nil by mouth and reviewed urgently; CT confirms it.
答え
D · Oesophageal perforation
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · 3 compressions to 1 breath
これが答えになる理由
Newborn resuscitation uses a 3:1 ratio, about 90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute, with the two-thumb technique on the lower third of the sternum.
答え: B · Discuss benefits and risks, decide together with the prescriber and agree a relapse plan
これが答えになる理由
Recovery-oriented care values the person's choices and shared decision-making. Any change is planned with the prescriber, often by tapering slowly, with clear early warning signs and a plan for what to do if they appear.
答え
B · Discuss benefits and risks, decide together with the prescriber and agree a relapse plan
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 97 °F
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
9/5を掛ける
36.1·9/5 = 64.98
32を足す
T = 64.98 + 32 = 96.98 ≈ 97 °F
答え
T = 97 °F
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 185 mL
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
各項目(mL)
½ カップ = 0.5·240 = 120 mL
4 tbsp = 4·15 = 60 mL
1 tsp = 1·5 = 5 mL
足す
V = 120 + 60 + 5 = 185 mL
答え
V = 185 mL
27.投与量の計算
答え: D = 200 mg
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
1 日の総量
20·30 = 600 mg
1 回あたり
D = 600/3 = 200 mg
答え
D = 200 mg
28.投与量の計算
答え: R = 12.5 mL/h
投与量の計算:投与する量は、指示量を手元の薬の濃度で割り、その濃度が含まれる量を掛けたものです:投与量 =(指示量/原液の濃度)× 原液の量。単位は必ずそろえ(先に g を mg に、mg を mcg に換算)、答えが妥当か確認しましょう。
濃度
20000/250 = 80 個/mL
ポンプ流量
R = 1000/80 = 12.5 mL/h
答え
R = 12.5 mL/h
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 240 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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